Separation of Pigments from the Extract of Spinach Leaves by Paper Chromatography - MeitY OLabs

Summary

In this video, we explore the fascinating world of pigments in spinach leaves through the method of paper chromatography. Paper chromatography is a technique that separates colored substances, particularly pigments. It involves using a stationary piece of filter paper and a mobile developing solution that moves the pigments across the paper. By applying spinach leaf extract onto the paper, the different pigments such as carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b can be separated and identified. This process also includes calculating the RF values of the pigments. Essential precautions include using a fine capillary tube and keeping the chamber undisturbed during the experiment.

Highlights

• Dive into the colorful world of plant pigments using paper chromatography! 🎨
• The process involves a stationary phase (filter paper) and a mobile phase (solvent)! 🌊
• Spinach leaves contain pigments like carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b! 🌿
• Learn to carefully apply and dry spinach extract for optimal results! 🌬️
• Measure pigment travel distance and calculate RF for insightful data! 📊

Key Takeaways

• Discover the magic of paper chromatography by separating pigments from spinach leaves! 🌿
• Learn how to use a simple piece of filter paper and solvent to reveal hidden colors in leaves! 🔍
• Uncover the secret pigments of spinach: carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b! 🌈
• Understand the importance of keeping your experiment undisturbed for accurate results. 🤓
• Calculate RF values to quantify pigment separation like a pro scientist! 📏

Overview

Ever wondered what gives spinach leaves their luscious green color? Get ready to journey into the world of pigments using paper chromatography! This fascinating method lets us separate and identify different colored substances in leaves using nothing but paper and solvent. It's a simple yet effective way to explore plant chemistry!

The process kicks off by preparing a piece of high-quality filter paper, where a drop of spinach extract is meticulously applied. After drying and reapplying, the paper is suspended in a chromatographic chamber. As the solvent works its magic, pigments like carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b travel up the paper, creating a vibrant pattern of colors.

With the experiment complete, the next step is to measure how far each pigment traveled compared to the solvent. This is where the RF value comes in handy. By understanding how different pigments behave in the solvent, we can gain deeper insights into plant biology and the role pigments play in photosynthesis. Remember, patience and precision are key to success in this colorful experiment!

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction to Paper Chromatography The chapter explains the process of paper chromatography, an analytical method used for separating colored substances, particularly pigments. It specifically highlights the separation of pigments from the extract of spinach leaves. The chapter introduces the concept of the stationary phase that is used to distribute the sample in paper chromatography.
• 00:30 - 01:00: Explanation of Stationary and Mobile Phases The chapter discusses the concepts of stationary and mobile phases. It highlights that the stationary phase often consists of high-quality filter paper, while the mobile phase is a developing solution that travels up the stationary phase. This movement allows the mobile phase to carry the samples with it, resulting in the gradual separation of sample components. The chapter specifically focuses on the separation of pigments from an extract of spinach leaves using paper chromatography.
• 01:00 - 01:30: Materials Required The chapter 'Materials Required' outlines the essential items needed for a chromatography experiment. The list includes a chromatographic chamber with a lid and extracts of spinach leaves. While the chapter appears to start with some music cues, it quickly transitions into the preparation steps necessary for setting up the chromatographic process, indicating careful addition of chemicals or movement of materials along a line drawn lengthwise.
• 01:30 - 02:00: Preparation and Application of Sample The chapter titled 'Preparation and Application of Sample' explains a method for extracting leaf pigments using spinach leaves. The process involves marking a point on a paper where two lines intersect, referred to as point P. A capillary tube is used to place a drop of the extracted leaf mixture at point P, which is then allowed to dry in open air. This process is repeated to strengthen the concentration of the mixture on the spot. Next, a piece of thread is used to tie the filter paper, which is then suspended vertically. This procedure likely sets the stage for further experiments or analyses, such as chromatography.
• 02:00 - 02:30: Suspension of Filter Paper and Observation This chapter discusses the process of setting up a chromatographic chamber to observe plant pigments. It involves using a solvent mix of isopropyl alcohol and distilled water, with a specific setup where the pencil line is kept 1 cm above the solvent level. As the solvent rises, various pigments from the leaf extract, such as carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b, are separated and become visible as distinct spots.
• 02:30 - 03:00: Marking and Measuring Distances The chapter titled 'Marking and Measuring Distances' involves an experiment using spinach leaf extract applied to filter paper. The procedure starts with the extract being placed on the filter paper, which is then placed in a chamber for the experiment. Once the solvent has risen on the paper, it is crucial to mark the distance the solvent has traveled, known as the solvent front. After taking the filter paper out, it should be dried, and both the solvent front distance from the original line and the distance of each spot from the original line should be measured. The chapter perhaps involves techniques or lessons related to chromatography.
• 03:00 - 03:30: Calculating RF Values The chapter explains how to calculate the RF values of pigments using a specific formula. The formula is: RF equals the distance traveled by the component from the original line divided by the distance traveled by the solvent from the original line. It also mentions the importance of taking precautions, although the specific precautions are not detailed in the transcript provided.
• 03:30 - 04:00: Precautions The chapter 'Precautions' highlights key measures to ensure accurate experimental results. It advises on using a fine capillary tube and emphasizes the importance of keeping the chamber undisturbed and covered throughout the experiment. Additionally, it mentions that the sample spot should be adequately saturated with the specimen to ensure reliability and consistency in the findings.

Separation of Pigments from the Extract of Spinach Leaves by Paper Chromatography - MeitY OLabs Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 [Music] separation of pigments from the extract of spinach leaves by paper chromatography paper chromatography is an analytical method used to separate colored substances especially pigments in paper chromatography the sample is distributed between a St stationary
• 00:30 - 01:00 phase and a mobile phase the stationary phase is usually a piece of high quality filter paper the mobile phase is a developing solution that travels up the stationary phase carrying the samples with it when the mobile phase is moved over the sample on the stationary phase the components of the sample get gradually separated from one another our aim here is to separate the pigments from an extract of spinach leaves by paper chromatic graphy materials
• 01:00 - 01:30 required chromatographic chamber with lid extract of spinach leaves [Music] [Music] another line lengthwise from the center
• 01:30 - 02:00 of the paper name the point at which the two lines intersect as p take the extract of spinach leaves using a capillary tube put a drop of the leaf extract at Point P allow it to dry in open air put another drop on the same spot and dry again so that the spot is Rich with the mixture take a piece of thread and tie the filter paper with it suspend the filter paper vertically in
• 02:00 - 02:30 the chromatographic chamber containing solvent which is a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and distilled water make sure that the pencil line remains about 1 cm above the solvent level keep the chamber undisturbed for some time notice the rising solvent along with the leaf extract as the solvent has risen you will notice different spots of the pigments such as carotene xanthophyll chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll B of
• 02:30 - 03:00 spinach leaf extract on the filter paper take the filter paper out of the chamber and mark the distance that the solvent has risen on the paper this is called the solvent front dry the filter paper and measure the distance of the solvent front from the original line and the distance of each spot from the original line [Music]
• 03:00 - 03:30 the RF values of the pigments can be calculated using the formula RF is equal to distance traveled by the component from the original line divided by distance traveled by the solvent from the original line precautions always make you use of a
• 03:30 - 04:00 fine capillary tube keep the chamber undisturbed and covered during the experiment the spot should be rich with the sample [Music]