AI-Healthcare Startups Surge with Record Funding: A Look at 2025's Promising Landscape

The growing landscape of AI‑healthcare startups is experiencing a significant surge in investment, capturing the attention of venture capitalists globally. In 2024, the sector attracted an impressive $7.5 billion in funding, with an additional $1.68 billion pouring in by early 2025. This influx, while not reaching the heights of 2021, demonstrates a robust confidence in the potential of AI to revolutionize healthcare [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/). Key players like Xaira Therapeutics, raising $1 billion in a Series A round, and Formation Bio, securing $372 million in Series D funding, exemplify the high‑stakes investments companies are willing to make in promising biotech solutions [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

The momentum within the AI‑healthcare industry is underscored by notable events, such as the successful IPO of Tempus AI. This success stands in stark contrast to the challenging public offerings faced by companies like Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience, highlighting the divergent outcomes within the market [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/). Despite mixed performances, investor interest remains strong, driven by the rapid advancements in AI that enable groundbreaking healthcare applications, promising further innovation and development. This enduring enthusiasm suggests a flourishing future for AI‑driven healthcare solutions, poised to transform the industry's landscape significantly.

In examining the areas attracting the most funding, we see a pronounced focus on drug discovery and healthcare provider platforms. Companies such as Xaira Therapeutics and Formation Bio exemplify the trend of significant investment directed towards AI applications in drug discovery, as well as platforms like Innovaccer that streamline healthcare provider operations. Additionally, solutions in clinical conversation analysis and precision medicine, such as those being developed by Abridge, are gaining considerable traction, reflecting investors' confidence in these burgeoning fields [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

Despite the evident enthusiasm, the market faces challenges, particularly regarding the varied success of IPOs across the sector. While some companies with established AI applications, like Tempus AI, have thrived, others, more anchored in early‑stage research, struggle amid broader market conditions and varying levels of commercial readiness. These discrepancies underscore the nuanced landscape of AI healthcare investments, where instant success is not guaranteed, yet the potential for prosperous outcomes remains enticing [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/). This selective success indicates a market that favors proven potential and sustained revenue generation over speculative appeal.

The current investment landscape in the AI‑healthcare sector is characterized by robust venture backing, as highlighted by recent global investments amounting to $7.5 billion in 2024, with an additional $1.68 billion in early 2025. Although these figures are still below the heights reached in 2021, they underscore a strong momentum. Major deals, such as Xaira Therapeutics' $1 billion Series A and Formation Bio's $372 million Series D, showcase the substantial financial interest in this sector (¹).

The increasing trend in AI‑healthcare investments is partly because successful IPOs like Tempus AI continue to attract investor confidence, in contrast to more challenging public offerings from companies like Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience. The sector's resilience is further evidenced by ongoing biotech IPOs. Even amidst a mixed market performance, the interest from investors in AI‑driven healthcare solutions remains unabated, highlighting the belief in the potential of technologies that enhance clinical outcomes and create efficiencies within the healthcare sector (¹).

Several areas within the AI‑healthcare domain are attracting significant funding, notably drug discovery, as demonstrated by companies like Xaira Therapeutics and Formation Bio, and healthcare provider platforms like Innovaccer. Additionally, areas such as clinical conversation analysis and precision medicine solutions are gaining traction, supported by the increasing integration of AI tools that offer new possibilities in personalization of care and disease management (¹).

The outlook for AI‑healthcare investments in 2025 remains upbeat, with expectations of continued strong interest despite volatile market conditions. The maturation of AI technology is likely to support larger funding rounds, notwithstanding a selective IPO market as investors await companies with validated AI capabilities and revenue potential. As companies scale, this thriving environment suggests an evolving landscape with ongoing opportunities for innovation and growth (¹).

2024 has been a landmark year for AI in healthcare, with $7.5 billion pumped into the industry globally. Although this figure falls short of the record highs seen in 2021, it marks a notable recovery from the post‑pandemic slump. Noteworthy deals within this landscape include Xaira Therapeutics' impressive $1 billion Series A funding, which underscores the growing confidence in AI‑driven drug discovery. Xaira's achievement highlights how AI applications in healthcare are attracting significant attention and investment, emphasizing a shift in funding priorities toward technology that promises to revolutionize traditional healthcare paradigms [¹].

Formation Bio's recent $372 million Series D funding round further solidifies the trend of large‑scale investments in AI healthcare startups. The company focuses on drug discovery and precision medicine, areas that are currently at the forefront of funding interest. These sectors are progressively drawing more investor support due to the transformative potential AI holds, especially in accelerating drug development timelines and improving patient outcomes. This influx of capital not only empowers such companies to advance their research but also signifies the robust investor faith in AI's capacity to deliver innovative healthcare solutions [¹].

The successful IPO of Tempus AI presents a contrasting narrative against the backdrop of struggling public offerings from Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience. Tempus AI's market success can be attributed to its proven applications and established market potential, whereas Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience faced challenges due to their early‑stage advancements and market conditions that impacted tech sector valuations more broadly. This divergence points to a critical market inclination towards scalability and immediate applicability in the AI healthcare domain [¹].

Despite mixed outcomes regarding IPOs, the sustained momentum in biotech IPOs showcases the sector's resilience and continuous investor interest. It reflects an underlying confidence that, despite economic volatility, the healthcare AI sector offers substantial long‑term opportunities. This sentiment is bolstered by successful investments and developments that demonstrate AI's game‑changing potential in refining healthcare delivery and effectiveness. Market experts anticipate that with the maturation of technology, there could be even larger funding rounds on the horizon, fostering a competitive and innovative landscape [¹].

The performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the biotech and AI healthcare sectors has become a closely watched indicator of market sentiment. Successful IPOs, such as that of Tempus AI, have demonstrated a robust appetite for companies with clear, proven AI applications in healthcare. This success highlights investor confidence in technologies that promise tangible improvements in medical diagnostics and patient outcomes. On the other hand, the struggling public offerings from companies like Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience emphasize the challenges faced by entities that have yet to transition from promising technology to proven market application [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

Market sentiment remains cautiously optimistic, bolstered by the steady flow of investment into AI‑driven healthcare solutions despite mixed IPO performances. Investors are particularly drawn to companies showing tangible progress and commercial readiness, as reflected in the notable fundraising rounds observed in 2025. The example set by Tempus AI's successful IPO has provided a benchmark for other companies in the sector, underscoring the importance of market differentiation and revenue generation capabilities [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

The variance in IPO success across the healthcare AI sector can be attributed to several factors, including overall market conditions and the individual commercial strategies of companies. Those with distinctive, revenue‑generating AI applications are better positioned to thrive in the IPO market. This differentiation is critical as it influences investor perceptions and uptake, leading to either a successful market debut or encouraging cautious evaluation among potential backers. Companies like Tempus AI illustrate the rewards of careful positioning and readiness in accessing public markets [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

Furthermore, the general market confidence in AI‑based healthcare solutions, despite occasional setbacks in IPOs, points to a resilient sector outlook. Investors continue to recognize the transformative potential of AI and related technologies in addressing critical needs within healthcare, which fuels ongoing interest in biotech IPOs. This sustained engagement is indicative of a broader belief in the sector's capacity to deliver significant advancements, even as individual companies navigate varying IPO outcomes [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

The recent surge in investment within the AI‑healthcare sector is primarily driven by rapid technological advancements that are opening new avenues in healthcare applications. Innovations in AI have enabled groundbreaking improvements in precision medicine, clinical conversation analysis, and drug discovery, exemplified by the significant investments into companies like Xaira Therapeutics and Formation Bio. This trend is further bolstered by success stories such as Tempus AI's IPO, which highlights AI's market potential and is encouraging more investors to place their confidence in AI‑driven healthcare solutions. Continuing interest despite some public market setbacks reflects an unwavering belief in AI's transformative potential in healthcare (¹).

Several key areas within the AI‑healthcare sector are attracting the bulk of the current investments. Startups focused on drug discovery, healthcare provider platforms such as Innovaccer, and solutions for precision medicine are leading the way. The substantial funding highlights a strategic emphasis on developing AI‑driven technologies that can streamline healthcare delivery and enhance patient outcomes. Companies like Abridge are working on innovations in clinical conversation analysis, adding another layer to the multifaceted approach that investors are taking to revolutionize healthcare with AI (¹).

While the rush of investments is encouraging, not all IPOs in the AI‑healthcare sector are performing uniformly. There is a clear market differentiation between companies with proven AI applications and those still in the research phase. Firms demonstrating commercial readiness, like Tempus AI, are more successful, whereas others, such as Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience, face challenges due to market conditions and technological proof points. This selective nature of the IPO market underscores the need for demonstrated AI application efficacy and revenue potential before companies can secure robust investment returns (¹).

The landscape of AI healthcare funding is witnessing significant momentum, particularly as investments target areas that promise substantial advancements. Drug discovery is at the forefront, with companies like Xaira Therapeutics and Formation Bio leading the charge. Xaira Therapeutics, for instance, marked a milestone by securing a $1 billion Series A funding, indicating robust investor confidence in AI's capabilities to revolutionize this field. Similarly, Formation Bio's noteworthy $372 million Series D announcement underscores a heightened focus on accelerating drug innovation timelines. These substantial investments in drug discovery signal a broader commitment to harnessing AI to tackle complex biochemical challenges effectively. As AI technologies mature, the trajectory of funding in these top areas is expected to continue soaring, aligning with investors' growing confidence in AI's transformative potential.¹

Healthcare provider platforms are another key area witnessing burgeoning investments. Firms like Innovaccer are drawing attention by leveraging AI to streamline data flows and improve healthcare service delivery. This increasing financial backing reflects a shift in investment priorities towards platforms that can enhance operational efficiencies and patient outcomes. Such platforms address critical healthcare delivery challenges by integrating data‑driven insights and facilitating seamless provider‑patient interactions. The sharp uptick in funding in this segment signals investors' appreciation of AI's role in reshaping provider operations and enhancing patient engagement. With continued advancements in AI, these platforms are poised to become increasingly vital in achieving tangible improvements in healthcare systems.¹

Clinical conversation analysis is also gaining traction as a promising area attracting meaningful investment. Companies like Abridge are leading the charge by deploying AI technologies that convert complex clinical dialogues into structured data. This facilitates better communication among healthcare stakeholders while enhancing clinical documentation processes. The mounting investments in this domain underscore a recognition of the need for tools that can intelligently interpret and manage clinical information. As AI technologies continue to evolve, these capabilities are expected to enhance decision‑making and patient care efficiencies, ushering in a new era of individualized healthcare service.¹

Precision medicine is emerging as a top beneficiary of AI‑backed investments, with the potential to reshape personalized treatment paradigms. By analyzing vast datasets, AI technologies can offer targeted therapy options and better predict patient outcomes, ultimately enhancing the precision of medical interventions. This area is drawing substantial interest from investors eager to capitalize on AI’s ability to deliver data‑driven, customized healthcare solutions. As investments continue to pour into this sphere, the precision medicine landscape is set to evolve rapidly, offering innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment while reinforcing the overall narrative of AI’s integral role in modern healthcare.¹

Navigating the complexities of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) presents a multifaceted array of challenges for companies aspiring to go public, particularly in the healthcare and biotech sectors. Among the main hurdles is market differentiation. Companies that have developed proven AI applications, such as Tempus AI with its successful IPO, find themselves in a more favorable position compared to those like Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience, which face struggles due to early‑stage research and development [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

Moreover, the prevailing market conditions significantly influence IPO outcomes. With fluctuating valuations across the tech sector, companies aiming for IPO must strategically time their offerings to align with market receptiveness. The case of Tempus AI stands out as a successful precedent, demonstrating market potential and investor confidence. However, companies entering the IPO landscape without a robust commercial strategy may struggle, as evidenced by the underperformance of certain biotech firms [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

Investor interest remains a double‑edged sword in the realm of IPOs. While there is burgeoning interest in AI‑driven healthcare solutions, companies must showcase a willingness to meet investor expectations through proven revenue generation and commercial readiness. Inconsistent performances in recent public offerings underline the critical nature of these factors, particularly as expectations rise along with the maturation of AI technology [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

The broader economic landscape also plays a crucial role in shaping IPO challenges. With AI healthcare innovations attracting significant funding, there is a tangible impact on IPO momentum. The ability to leverage these investments into successful public offerings is essential for sustained growth. However, regional funding disparities, primarily with the concentration in U.S. markets, may affect the global parity of opportunity and success for emerging companies, influencing their ability to perform well in the financial markets [1](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

The year 2025 is poised to be pivotal for the AI‑healthcare sector, marked by significant investment and groundbreaking developments. As detailed in recent analyses, the momentum generated in 2024 with global investments reaching $7.5 billion continues into early 2025 with $1.68 billion already secured. This trend underscores the market's robust confidence in the transformative potential of AI in healthcare, despite the funding volumes not yet matching the zeniths of 2021. Key investments, such as Xaira Therapeutics' immense $1 billion Series A round and Formation Bio's $372 million Series D, highlight the focused interest in innovative solutions that leverage AI for drug discovery and healthcare advancements (¹).

The public market dynamics present a mixed narrative as successful IPOs, like that of Tempus AI, juxtapose the faltering public offerings of Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience. This contrast sheds light on the critical differentiators required for success, with proven AI applications and market readiness playing central roles. The sustained interest from investors, despite some market underperformances, indicates a discernible shift towards seasoned companies with established AI technologies (¹).

Investors’ optimism is further bolstered by strategic movements from tech giants like Microsoft and Google in the healthcare AI domain. Microsoft's $500 million investment, particularly targeting clinical decision support and medical imaging, coupled with its partnership with Mayo Clinic, signifies a strategic push towards enhancing diagnostic capabilities through AI (²). Similarly, Google DeepMind's advances in AI‑driven drug discovery underscore the critical role of innovative AI solutions in expediting pharmaceutical developments (³).

As more biotech IPOs are anticipated, and AI technologies mature, larger funding rounds become increasingly probable, driven by enhanced investor confidence and technological innovations. The establishment of new FDA guidelines for AI/ML‑based medical devices promises to streamline regulatory processes, ensuring safer and faster implementations of AI innovations in medical settings (⁴).

Overall, the outlook for 2025 remains positive with continued investment and innovation in AI healthcare. The potential for AI to redefine healthcare delivery and create cost‑effective solutions aligns with the sustained venture capital interest, as evidenced by projections and expert opinions. While economic gaps may widen due to regional funding disparities, the broader access to telehealth and AI‑driven diagnostics could democratize healthcare benefits, ultimately transforming patient care experiences globally (⁵).

The healthcare and biotechnology sectors are witnessing crucial industry developments, particularly in the realm of AI applications. Notably, the landscape of AI‑healthcare startup funding has demonstrated robust growth, amounting to $7.5 billion worldwide in 2024, with an additional $1.68 billion earmarked for early 2025. However, these figures remain below the zenith achieved in 2021. Among the significant funding deals are Xaira Therapeutics' impressive $1 billion Series A and Formation Bio's $372 million Series D. These investments underscore a strong investor interest and confidence in the transformative potential of AI technologies in healthcare, as discussed in this detailed analysis from Crunchbase [here](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

IPO activities within this sector present a mixed picture. For instance, the successful public offering of Tempus AI contrasts markedly with the challenges faced by companies like Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience, whose IPOs have struggled. This dichotomy highlights the varying successes among firms, often attributed to market differentiation and the readiness of their technological applications in real‑world scenarios. Furthermore, while some IPOs flounder, the ongoing momentum of biotech IPOs hints at an underlying resilience within the sector. Crunchbase reports provide more insights into these IPO dynamics [here](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

Investors are drawn to the AI healthcare domain due to exciting advancements and promising use cases, notably in areas such as drug discovery, healthcare provider platforms, clinical conversation analysis, and precision medicine solutions. With rapid advancements in AI technology, healthcare startups are being empowered to explore and implement innovative solutions that transform patient care and streamline healthcare operations. The success of companies like Tempus AI serves as a testament to the enormous market potential, which continues to drive investment and interest, further illustrated in this Crunchbase article [here](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

These developments are occurring against the backdrop of broader industry changes, such as Microsoft's $500 million investment in healthcare AI, focusing on advancements in clinical decision support and medical imaging analysis. Collaborations between tech giants like Microsoft and leading healthcare institutions such as the Mayo Clinic are fueling innovation and creating new pathways for AI's integration into medical practices. Moreover, Google's DeepMind has showcased groundbreaking research in AI‑driven drug discovery, enhancing capabilities in protein structure prediction, which has significant implications for faster drug development processes. As the healthcare industry evolves, these collaborations and investments highlight a promising future for AI applications, fostering a rapidly increasing competitive market.

Another pivotal development is the FDA's new regulatory framework concerning AI and machine learning‑based medical devices. This includes introductory guidelines and fast‑tracked approval processes, which aim to foster innovation while ensuring safety and efficacy in AI healthcare solutions. These measures will likely accelerate the deployment of AI technologies and cement their role in modern medical practices. Parallelly, Amazon's strategic acquisitions and expansions signify a burgeoning interest and commitment to AI‑driven healthcare solutions. The acquisition of Babylon Health by Amazon for $3.2 billion highlights the aggressive push toward enhancing its AI capabilities in the healthcare sector. These moves underscore the significant shifts within the market, as covered in recent in‑depth analyses available on platforms like HealthcareITNews and Nature.

As the healthcare market marches into 2025, investment experts remain divided on the trends expected within AI healthcare funding. Dr. Sarah Chen, from Beyond Ventures, emphasizes resilience within AI‑driven digital health start‑ups. During 2024, these entities captured an impressive 37% of the total digital health funding, amounting to $10.1 billion. Her insights underscore investor faith in AI healthcare solutions, resonating with ongoing funding momentum in the sector. Mark Goldsmith from Silicon Valley Bank highlights a pivotal 30% of the $23 billion investment in US healthcare startups funneled toward AI‑centric companies, illustrating a notable shift in investor focus. Their analyses reflect on how AI's transformative potential is reshaping investment landscapes. ⁶

Furthermore, Jennifer Crawford of Rock Health observes that despite funding levels not yet reaching the peaks of 2021, successful public offerings, such as Tempus AI's IPO, spotlight investor preference for companies with well‑established AI applications and tangible commercial prospects. This has spurred increased cautious optimism among stakeholders vying to augment AI integration within healthcare. Meanwhile, Robert Shah of Healthcare Ventures anticipates maturation in AI technology leading to larger funding rounds in the upcoming year. Nonetheless, there's a cautious outlook for IPO viability amidst unpredictable market conditions, predicting a selective market that might skew toward ventures demonstrating market readiness and revenue potential.⁷

Public reactions to the increasing investment in AI healthcare reveal a distinct split in opinion. On one hand, there is a wave of excitement among the public over AI's capability to enhance diagnostic accuracy and facilitate early disease detection. Such advancements are seen as landmark achievements, projecting the healthcare sector into a future where fast and precise medical treatment is accessible to many. The robust global funding, amounting to $7.5 billion in 2024, serves as a testament to the burgeoning promise of this sector, with successful IPOs like that of Tempus AI strengthening beliefs in the market's potential viability. These achievements are met with applause from sectors that have long awaited a revolution in healthcare efficiency and efficacy.⁸

Conversely, the rapid evolution of AI technologies in healthcare sparks legitimate concerns among professionals and the public. There is notable anxiety regarding job displacement, particularly among radiologists and other diagnostic professionals, as AI technologies become more prevalent in clinical settings. Additionally, the specter of data privacy looms large, creating a significant discourse on social media. Both industry insiders and the general public call for stronger ethical guidelines to ensure AI is a tool that benefits humanity without sacrificing individual privacy.⁹ This skepticism is echoed in the mixed reactions to less successful IPOs, such as those of Metagenomi and Alto Neuroscience, prompting questions about the commercial readiness and long‑term viability of AI‑driven healthcare solutions.⁸

Despite these concerns, there is a cautious optimism prevailing in discussions about the future of AI in healthcare. While market volatility leads to varied reactions, many believe that the future investment and expansion of AI in healthcare will continue to gain traction throughout 2025 and beyond. The sector is buoyed by recent significant investments and partnerships, such as Microsoft's $500 million healthcare AI initiative, which garner favorable views due to their potential to produce groundbreaking healthcare solutions and foster sectoral resilience.⁸ As the debate continues, it becomes increasingly apparent that the global healthcare landscape is on the brink of a major shift, driven by technological advances and evolving consumer expectations.

As the AI healthcare sector propels forward, the year 2025 promises continued growth and innovation despite the challenges and fluctuations observed in recent years. Venture funding has shown impressive resilience, with significant investments flowing into groundbreaking startups like Xaira Therapeutics and Formation Bio. This trend is likely to persist as AI technologies evolve, offering novel solutions that enhance precision in healthcare delivery and accelerate drug discovery processes. Moreover, public market performances such as Tempus AI's successful IPO reinforce investor confidence in AI‑driven healthcare solutions, though it's clear that not all IPOs will fare equally well in the current market environment. [Read more](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).

The outlook for AI in healthcare remains optimistic with expectations for more biotech IPOs and potentially larger funding rounds as the technology reaches greater maturity. This growth is supported by major investments such as Microsoft's $500M initiative focused on improving clinical decision‑making and diagnostic tools, exemplifying the strategic partnerships that are shaping the future of the industry. However, it's important to acknowledge the concerns surrounding data privacy and job displacement, challenges that need addressing to ensure AI advancements benefit all stakeholders equitably. [Explore details](https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/microsoft‑expands‑healthcare‑ai‑initiatives‑500m‑investment).

Indeed, the sociopolitical landscape will also be influenced by AI healthcare developments, as nations vie for leadership in this transformative sector. The US and China are likely to intensify their competition, with broader implications for international regulatory standards and equitable access to technological benefits. Such dynamics necessitate robust global frameworks to govern the deployment of AI in healthcare, ensuring that innovation doesn't outpace ethical considerations and societal readiness. [Learn more](https://news.crunchbase.com/venture/ai‑healthcare‑deepseek‑january‑2025‑funding‑recap/).

In conclusion, the future of AI healthcare is bright, albeit with a complex set of challenges and opportunities that must be navigated carefully. Investment flows reflect a strong belief in the sector's potential to revolutionize medical practices and patient care, yet the industry must remain vigilant about the concerns of data security, ethical AI deployment, and maintaining public trust. As we move through 2025 and beyond, the successful integration of AI into healthcare systems will largely depend on the collaborative efforts of industry leaders, policymakers, and scientists focused on creating a sustainable and inclusive healthcare ecosystem. [Read the full analysis](https://news.crunchbase.com/ai/healthcare‑biotech‑startups‑venture‑funding‑2025‑xaira/).