Cal Poly Pomona's Student Team Rockets to NASA Final Stage with THERMOSPRING Design

Introduction to the NASA Human Lander Challenge

The NASA Human Lander Challenge (HuLC) represents a significant effort by NASA to engage with talented university teams to push the boundaries of current space technology and foster innovative solutions crucial for extended space missions. This competition is focused on developing advanced solutions for the storage and transfer of super-cold liquid propellants, a critical need for missions that require long-term planning and execution beyond Earth. By targeting university teams, the challenge aims to harness fresh perspectives and cutting-edge research within academia, encouraging the uptake and application of theoretical knowledge to practical, real-world problems in space exploration.

In 2025, the HuLC is set to be a thrilling field with university teams worldwide vying for supremacy in creating feasible technological solutions that can be implemented in space exploration in the near future, within a horizon of 3-5 years. This anticipatory timeline is aligned with NASA's broader objectives of establishing a sustainable human presence beyond low Earth orbit, especially considering the ambitious goals of placing humans back on the Moon and possibly Mars. The challenge not only stimulates innovation but also prepares the next generation of aerospace engineers by providing them a platform to present and refine their ideas with real-world applications.

Cal Poly Pomona (CPP)'s participation as a finalist in this prestigious competition with their innovative THERMOSPRING design underscores the vital role that university-led research plays in advancing space technologies. THERMOSPRING, which minimizes heat transfer into cryogenic storage tanks, is a groundbreaking development aimed at addressing one of the key hurdles in space habitation: efficient thermal management. The design is not only a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the students involved but also a solid demonstration of how academia can contribute solutions that are immediately applicable in NASA's ongoing and future missions.

The Innovative THERMOSPRING Design

The THERMOSPRING design is an innovative engineering feat that addresses the critical challenge of thermal management in space exploration. Developed by students at Cal Poly Pomona, it is a structural component that minimizes heat transfer into cryogenic storage tanks, essential for prolonged space missions. By focusing on thermal resistance, the design ensures that the necessary cryogenic liquids remain at ultra-low temperatures, extending their usability and, consequently, the duration of missions [read more](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml).

One of the most striking features of the THERMOSPRING is its helical spring design, which ingeniously forces heat to traverse a longer path compared to conventional supports. This design dramatically increases thermal resistance, thereby reducing the amount of heat that reaches the cryogenic tanks. This innovation is crucial as it tackles the current technological limits that restrict how long cryogenic liquids can be stored at the extremely low temperatures necessary for space travel [learn more](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml).

Led by Caroline Herrera and her talented team, the THERMOSPRING was crafted not just as a solution to a scientific problem but as a response to a set of stringent requirements posed by NASA's Human Lander Challenge. Through their inventive approach, the team has positioned themselves as forerunners in a competitive field, with $9,250 awarded for further development [details here](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml). As they prepare to showcase their work in Alabama, the team's progress marks a significant milestone in aerospace innovation, eagerly watched by industry experts.

The broader implications of the THERMOSPRING technology extend well beyond its immediate application. By potentially elongating the storage periods of cryogenic propellants, it paves the way for more ambitious space missions, such as those planned within NASA’s Artemis program. Such missions could involve sustained lunar exploration and even ventures to Mars [explore further](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml). Consequently, this design not only demonstrates technological prowess but also signifies an important step towards realizing long-term human presence in space.

CPP Team: Meet the Minds Behind THERMOSPRING

The CPP Team, comprised of ambitious undergraduates from Cal Poly Pomona, represents a brilliant mix of talent and innovation, renowned for their groundbreaking THERMOSPRING project. This team is spearheaded by Caroline Herrera, a dynamic leader with an eye for detail and an unwavering commitment to excellence. Her leadership, along with the collective expertise of Charles Johnson, Dominique Munoz, Nathan Antonio, and Osheen Gupta, under the keen mentorship of Aerospace Engineering Professor Frank Chandler, has driven the project to remarkable heights. Their collective goal is to revolutionize how heat is managed in cryogenic environments, a crucial aspect of advancing long-duration space missions. The team's success as finalists in the NASA Human Lander Challenge showcases their ability to work cohesively and innovate in high-pressure scenarios. Learn more about their journey and milestones.

THERMOSPRING, the brainchild of the CPP Team, is more than just a technological achievement; it symbolizes a beacon of possibility for the future of space exploration. Its intricate helical spring design reduces heat transfer, significantly enhancing the thermal resistance required for storing cryogenic materials over long durations. This innovation positions the CPP Team as pioneers in tackling one of the most complex challenges faced by space missions. With the backing of NASA and a substantial grant aimed at refining their concept, the team is setting its sights on further success, not just within the confines of academic competition but with real-world applications that could redefine space travel. Their approach exemplifies the spirit of tenacity and creativity that Cal Poly Pomona instills in its students. Explore their innovative process and impact here.

The Science Behind THERMOSPRING: How It Works

The THERMOSPRING technology represents a remarkable leap in cryogenic storage innovation, engineered by the talented team from Cal Poly Pomona as part of their entry in the prestigious NASA Human Lander Challenge. This ingenious design is centered around its helical spring structure, which compels heat to traverse a significantly extended path compared to conventional support systems. By prolonging this pathway, THERMOSPRING enhances the thermal resistance dramatically, thereby minimizing unwanted heat that would otherwise seep into cryogenic storage tanks. Such advancements are critical as they ensure that propellants remain at optimal temperatures over extended periods, a fundamental requirement for sustaining long-term space missions, as highlighted by recent breakthroughs.

The operational principle of THERMOSPRING is a testament to innovative engineering aimed at overcoming the substantial challenge of heat transfer in cryogenic environments. The central innovation lies in its unique design, which effectively functions as a thermal insulator. Traditional supports would provide a direct route for heat to travel, but THERMOSPRING's spiral shape demands that any heat introduced must maneuver through multiple bends and turns, reducing its intensity before reaching the delicate cryogenic tanks. This design not only extends the viability of stored propellants but also significantly reduces the thermal burden on space transport systems. The enhanced thermal isolation capacity, as noted by the accomplishments of the CPP team in the NASA competition, has received substantial recognition for its potential application in future space endeavors.

In the broader scope of space exploration, THERMOSPRING heralds a new era of efficient cryogenic management systems. The ability to preserve propellant integrity over longer durations not only makes deeper and more prolonged space exploration feasible but also presents a solution to some of the logistical and cost challenges associated with space travel. By addressing the issue of propellant boil-off through innovative design, this technology plays a crucial role in the pursuit of sustainable space habitats and interplanetary missions. The acceptance and refinement of such technologies are vital to supporting the overarching aims of initiatives like NASA's Artemis program, which seeks to establish a lasting human presence on the Moon and ultimately Mars. These advancements hint at a future where space travel becomes more routine and reliable, reducing barriers and expanding possibilities for human and robotic explorers alike.

Next Steps for the CPP Team

As the Cal Poly Pomona (CPP) team prepares for the final stage of the NASA Human Lander Challenge, the focus is on refining and optimizing their innovative THERMOSPRING design. The team, led by Caroline Herrera, plans to leverage the $9,250 award to enhance the thermal efficiency of their cryogenic storage system further. By meticulously addressing feedback received during the preliminary phases, the team aims to perfect their solution for minimizing heat transfer into cryogenic storage tanks, which is a critical factor for long-term space missions. The improvements made in these final stages could prove decisive when they compete in Alabama in late June 2025 [source].

In addition to technical refinement, collaboration and coordination will be key focus areas for the CPP team as they move forward. Leveraging insights from previous interactions with industry experts and NASA representatives, the team will strategically adjust their design approach. This process will not only help them in the competition but also prepare the team members for potential career paths within the aerospace sector. This holistic preparation is supported by their advisor, Professor Frank Chandler, who brings valuable expertise and guidance [source].

Engagement with the public and the broader academic community also remains a priority for the team. As they finalize their design, the students will participate in various outreach activities to inspire future engineers and scientists in STEM fields. Public support and positive reactions to their progress have been motivating, and the team aims to use this momentum to foster greater interest in aerospace innovation. By sharing their journey and successes, the CPP team hopes to cement their university as a beacon of excellence in engineering education [source].

Competitive Landscape: Other Finalists

The competitive landscape of the NASA Human Lander Challenge (HuLC) is robust, reflecting the high caliber of talent and ingenuity from universities across the nation. Teams such as those from Colorado School of Mines, Texas A&M University, and MIT bring their own unique innovations and solutions to the challenge. These institutions are known for their strong engineering and aerospace programs, making them formidable competitors in the arena of space exploration [1](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml).

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and Old Dominion University also made the finalist list, showcasing advancements in technologies pertinent to spacecraft design and thermal management. The presence of these well-respected universities highlights the diverse approaches being taken to solve the complex problem of cryogenic fluid management in space [1](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml).

The inclusion of Jacksonville University and The College of New Jersey as finalists underlines the accessibility and appeal of the HuLC, emphasizing that institutions of various sizes and resources can contribute to significant advances in aerospace technologies. This diversity of entrants strengthens the competition, encouraging cross-collaborative learning and exchange of ideas among the emerging leaders in space technology [1](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml).

Universities such as The Ohio State University and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign are not only competitors but also collaborators that engage in interdisciplinary research endeavors. This collaboration is essential in advancing cryogenic technology for space applications, highlighting the importance of teamwork and shared knowledge in achieving breakthroughs [1](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml).

Washington State University rounds out the impressive lineup of finalists, shining a light on the broad geographic and intellectual diversity of the competition. The involvement of such a wide array of universities underscores the nationwide commitment to pushing the boundaries of what is possible in space exploration, positioning the United States as a leader in this new era of technological innovation [1](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml).

Advancements in Spacecraft Thermal Management

The field of spacecraft thermal management is witnessing significant advancements, driven by the necessity to support long-duration space missions and ensure the longevity of sensitive onboard systems. Innovations in thermal management technologies are crucial for regulating the temperatures of spacecraft components, particularly as missions venture further from Earth. This necessity for innovation has spurred the development of materials with high thermal conductance, creative packaging structures, and highly efficient heat transport systems, all of which aim to stabilize internal temperatures and optimize energy use onboard spacecraft . These technologies not only promote spacecraft survival in harsh space environments but also enhance performance by maintaining optimal operating conditions for critical electronic systems.

In addition to traditional methods, novel approaches such as cryogenic cooling are attracting attention for their potential to significantly improve thermal management in spacecraft. As missions extend beyond low Earth orbit, the ability to efficiently manage cryogenic fluids becomes increasingly critical. NASA’s ongoing cryogenic fluid management initiatives underscore this point, as they focus on reducing boiloff rates, improving fluid gauging accuracy, and enhancing techniques for fluid transfer . Flight demonstrations planned for 2024 and 2025 aim to validate these technologies, which could lead to more effective thermal control strategies in future spacecraft designs.

The introduction of innovative designs like the THERMOSPRING, developed by Cal Poly Pomona students, represents the cutting edge of spacecraft thermal management technologies. As a finalist in NASA's Human Lander Challenge, this design is a remarkably effective structural support system that minimizes heat transfer into cryogenic storage tanks . By significantly extending the storage time of cryogenic liquids, the THERMOSPRING could play a pivotal role in enabling more sustainable deep-space exploration missions. Its success in the NASA competition highlights a broader trend towards integrating academic innovation into real-world space challenges, setting the stage for future advancements in spacecraft thermal management.

Public and expert reactions to these advancements reflect their importance for the future of space exploration. Experts emphasize the critical need for effective thermal management systems to ensure the success of long-duration missions, highlighting technologies like THERMOSPRING for their potential to reduce heat transfer and maintain cryogenic temperatures . Additionally, the innovative efforts of student teams participating in such challenges inspire widespread public enthusiasm and confidence in the next generation of aerospace engineers. These advancements not only strengthen the technical foundation for future space missions but also encourage a collaborative atmosphere between academia and industry, fostering an environment ripe for revolutionary breakthroughs in spacecraft thermal management.

NASA's Cryogenic Fluid Management Initiatives

NASA has been at the forefront of advancing cryogenic fluid management to support prolonged space missions. Advances in this area are critical for efficient fuel storage and usage in space, reducing the rate of boiloff and improving fluid gauging accuracy. By enhancing these technologies, NASA aims to ensure that future space missions are feasible without the frequent need for resupplying cryogenic fuels. This has significant implications not only for the sustainability of missions to the Moon and Mars but also for the creation of a more permanent space infrastructure [3](https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/brr-its-cold-in-here-nasas-cryo-efforts-beyond-the-atmosphere/).

The integration of cutting-edge cryogenic fluid management solutions is essential for NASA's mission objectives, particularly within the Artemis program, which focuses on returning humans to the Moon and exploring Mars. The initiatives include refining fluid transfer techniques and conducting flight demonstrations slated for 2024 and 2025. These demonstrations aim to test and validate new technologies in the real-world environment of space, ensuring that the solutions are robust and reliable [3](https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/brr-its-cold-in-here-nasas-cryo-efforts-beyond-the-atmosphere/).

Moreover, NASA's ongoing efforts to refine cryogenic technology also focus on enhancing flow efficiency and accuracy under zero-gravity conditions. These improvements are pivotal for enabling long-duration missions, supporting human life, and conducting scientific experiments far beyond Earth's atmosphere. By addressing these cryogenic challenges head-on, NASA is setting the stage for a new era of space exploration [3](https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/brr-its-cold-in-here-nasas-cryo-efforts-beyond-the-atmosphere/). Through such initiatives, the agency aims to create a sustainable presence in extraterrestrial settings and make future missions more economical and practical.

The Importance of Cryogenic Refueling in Space

Cryogenic refueling in space represents a transformative advancement in space exploration, vital for extending the duration and reach of space missions. This process involves the transfer of extremely cold propellants to spacecrafts while in orbit or on extraterrestrial bodies, circumventing the need to return to Earth for refueling. The announcement of the first-ever cryogenic refueling space mission signifies a monumental step in establishing sustainable space infrastructure. By enabling refueling in space, missions can be extended far beyond the limitations set by fuel capacity at launch, paving the way for deeper exploration into our solar system, including prolonged lunar missions and eventual human expeditions to Mars.

The significance of cryogenic refueling technology lies in its capacity to facilitate long-term human presence and activities in space. As part of NASA's broader Cryogenic Fluid Management Initiatives, this technology addresses critical challenges such as reducing boil-off, enhancing fluid gauging accuracy, and improving the efficacy of fluid transfer techniques. These improvements are fundamental to minimizing the loss of cryogenic propellants, which are essential for both propulsion and life-support systems aboard spacecraft. As NASA plans to validate these technologies through flight demonstrations in 2024 and 2025, success could revolutionize space operations, thereby reducing dependency on Earth-based resources and boosting the feasibility of interplanetary travel.

The development of cryogenic refueling capabilities is a crucial component of future space exploration endeavors, particularly those related to NASA's Artemis program. By securing the ability to refuel in space, missions can utilize in-situ resources and significantly cut costs associated with carrying excess fuel from Earth. This technology not only supports the sustainability of prolonged lunar and Martian habitation but also enhances the potential for complex robotic missions, scientific experiments, and the construction of space stations or other infrastructure necessary for a long-term human presence beyond Earth’s orbit. Consequently, the realization of cryogenic refueling in space is not merely an engineering feat; it's a substantial leap toward creating a permanent human footprint in space.

Economic Implications of THERMOSPRING

The THERMOSPRING innovation, resulting from efforts by Cal Poly Pomona students, presents a potentially transformative approach to the economics of space exploration. By significantly reducing heat transfer into cryogenic storage tanks, the THERMOSPRING design may extend the storage life of liquid propellants. This creates a consequential impact on reducing the frequency and cost of resupply missions, as fewer launches mean decreased fuel and operational expenses. As noted in the article about CPP's achievement, even the relatively modest $9,250 funding support from NASA reflects the strategic investment in this technology's future potential ([source](https://www.cpp.edu/news/content/2025/05/bronco-team-is-finalist-in-nasa-human-lander-competition/index.shtml)).

Furthermore, the economic ramifications of THERMOSPRING extend beyond mere cost savings. The technology's potential commercialization offers significant economic opportunities. Should THERMOSPRING become a standard in space missions, it could foster new business ventures and collaborations with private space enterprises. This could catalyze a wave of entrepreneurship and innovation within and associated with Cal Poly Pomona, enhancing the university's economic profile. Moreover, widespread adoption by NASA or commercial space companies could result in lucrative licensing deals that benefit all stakeholders involved ([source](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-space-exploration-is-fueling-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/)).

Spin-off companies stemming from such technological advances can stimulate new sectors within the aerospace industry. These companies could drive technological innovation and provide economic uplift both locally and globally, as they develop not only advanced space exploration tools but also apply similar technologies in non-space industries, including medical research and energy. The ripple effect on employment, technological capability, and international competitiveness is significant, with the THERMOSPRING potentially acting as a cornerstone for further breakthroughs ([source](https://thepolypost.com/news/2025/04/29/cpp-engineers-move-on-as-finalists-in-nasa-challenge/)).

Social Impact and Educational Influence

The social impact of the Cal Poly Pomona team's success in the NASA Human Lander Challenge is multifaceted, touching on educational empowerment, community inspiration, and broader societal influence. The recognition of innovative solutions like THERMOSPRING not only boosts the morale of the university community but also serves as a testament to the capabilities and creativity of young engineers and scientists. This achievement has the power to inspire students across various educational levels to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), galvanizing a new generation of explorers and innovators. The Human Lander Challenge, backed by NASA, provides an exceptional platform for such engagement, highlighting the importance of integrating educational pursuits with practical, real-world challenges [].

A key educational influence of the CPP team's involvement in the competition is the experiential learning that students undergo. Being part of high-stakes engineering contests such as the NASA Human Lander Challenge equips students with critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and the ability to work effectively in teams, all of which are invaluable in their future careers. The practical experience gained through this process is often unmatched by traditional classroom settings, offering insights into advanced technical fields that could define the new frontiers of space exploration. This real-world application of academic knowledge reinforces the school's curriculum and puts CPP on a platform alongside other prestigious institutions like MIT and Stanford in terms of innovation and research excellence [].

Moreover, the team's success has broader implications, potentially influencing educational policies and funding, as schools see the need to enhance their STEM programs in line with global advancements and industry standards. This can lead to increased investment in technology labs, partnerships with space organizations, and the development of specialized programs aimed at preparing students for careers in aerospace and other related industries. Through such initiatives, students are not only prepared for existing challenges but are also inspired to innovate for the future, keeping pace with fast-evolving scientific arenas. The THERMOSPRING project is a shining example of how targeted educational interventions can produce tangible benefits, both academically and socially, setting benchmarks for STEM education globally [].

Political Influence and NASA's Future

The future of NASA is not just influenced by technological advancement and scientific ambition, but also heavily steered by political forces. As the agency embarks on ambitious initiatives like the Artemis program, which aims to return humans to the Moon and later send them to Mars, political backing becomes crucial [5](https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/esdmd/artemis-campaign-development-division/human-landing-system-program/nasa-selects-finalist-teams-for-student-human-lander-challenge/). Congressional support determines funding allocations, which can significantly alter project timelines and the scope of missions. The success of projects like the HuLC, and innovations such as the THERMOSPRING design by Cal Poly Pomona students, could sway opinion and priorities within government bodies. The demonstrated potential of such technologies to boost national prestige and scientific capability reinforces the importance of continued political support for these space initiatives.

Moreover, political influence extends beyond national borders as space exploration becomes increasingly international in nature. Collaborative programs with partners like the European Space Agency (ESA) and private space companies require diplomatic engagement and political negotiation [5](https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/esdmd/artemis-campaign-development-division/human-landing-system-program/nasa-selects-finalist-teams-for-student-human-lander-challenge/). NASA’s leadership in global space initiatives not only showcases American innovation but also impacts international perceptions and relations. Successful engagements, facilitated by political goodwill, can lead to shared advancements and joint missions, fostering a more unified approach to exploring celestial frontiers.

At the domestic level, government actions relating to NASA affect educational and workforce initiatives. For example, grants and competitions like the HuLC stimulate innovation at the university level and inspire generations of future scientists and engineers [5](https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/esdmd/artemis-campaign-development-division/human-landing-system-program/nasa-selects-finalist-teams-for-student-human-lander-challenge/). These efforts align with broader political goals of maintaining technological leadership and fostering economic growth through scientific research. Furthermore, investment in space technology serves as a catalyst for economic vitality, promising new industries and job creation, thereby strengthening the national economy [2](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-space-exploration-is-fueling-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/).

Political decisions also influence the strategic priorities of NASA, shaping the future landscape of its explorative missions. Decisions made today on funding, international cooperation, and technological emphasis will dictate whether NASA continues its legacy as a leader in space exploration [5](https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/esdmd/artemis-campaign-development-division/human-landing-system-program/nasa-selects-finalist-teams-for-student-human-lander-challenge/). In the current global climate, there is a palpable push for collaborative and sustainable space exploration efforts. The potential political consequences of these policy decisions underscore the intricate link between NASA’s scientific objectives and national political strategy.

Public perception and political will are intimately connected when discussing NASA’s budgetary and programmatic future. As the national mood shifts towards prioritizing scientific innovation and exploration, there is likely to be greater advocacy for robust space programs. The public's enthusiasm, driven by successful projects and visible achievements of NASA's efforts, can pressure politicians to increase funding and support for space exploration initiatives. Innovative projects, such as those emerging from student competitions like HuLC, play a critical role in maintaining public interest and political momentum in favor of NASA's ambitious goals.

Broader Implications for Cryogenic Storage Technology

The development of advanced cryogenic storage technologies, such as the THERMOSPRING design by Cal Poly Pomona students, represents pivotal progress in space exploration. By minimizing heat transfer into storage tanks, this technology extends the viable storage time for cryogenic propellants—an essential requirement for lunar and Martian missions. This advancement aligns with NASA's broader goals under the Artemis program, facilitating more complex and sustainable extraterrestrial operations. The reduction in boil-off and improved efficiency in cryogenic fluid management could translate into significant cost savings and mission efficacy, providing an economic boost to space endeavors .

Furthermore, innovations in cryogenic storage have ramifications that transcend space exploration. In the realm of medical research, cryogenic technology is integral in preserving biological samples and enabling advanced therapies. Similarly, in the energy sector, cryogenics plays a critical role in the development of high-capacity energy storage solutions and superconducting materials, both of which are vital for future technological advancements. The cross-pollination of innovations from space technology to these fields demonstrates the far-reaching impact of improved cryogenic solutions .

These advancements underscore the interconnectedness of technological progress across different domains, where breakthroughs in space technology can trigger a cascade of innovation in seemingly unrelated fields. By fostering a cycle of advancement, new cryogenic storage solutions not only propel the space industry forward but also catalyze development in broader scientific and industrial landscapes. As such, the ongoing improvement in cryogenic technologies is not merely about achieving space exploration milestones but also about enriching our technological prowess and resilience in various disciplines .