ILO Reveals GenAI Impact: 1 in 4 Jobs at Risk, Women Affected Most

Overview of ILO's Refined Global Index on Occupational Exposure to GenAI

The International Labour Organization (ILO) recently published an updated Global Index assessing occupational exposure to Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), highlighting crucial trends and implications. This refined index is a significant evolution from the 2023 model, incorporating newer advances in GenAI and an expanded dataset from a broader spectrum of global occupational classifications. By leveraging insights from AI model predictions, it offers a more nuanced view of how GenAI intersects with various job roles worldwide ().

A salient finding from the ILO's refined index is that one in four jobs globally exhibit some exposure to GenAI. Notably, occupations in sectors such as clerical work, which predominantly feature repetitive or automatable tasks, face the highest exposure levels. However, rather than suggesting wholesale job eliminations, the index points towards a more nuanced reality where job roles evolve and adapt in response to technological integration ().

One critical dimension of the index acknowledges the gender disparities in AI exposure. It reveals that a higher percentage of women are employed in roles with high GenAI exposure, particularly in affluent regions. This disparity necessitates targeted policy interventions to ensure equitable preparation for the evolving job landscape, aiming to mitigate potential negative socioeconomic impacts on women ().

The ILO's research indicates that job transformation, rather than eradication, is the anticipated outcome of GenAI's influence. This means while GenAI might automate some tasks, it will also expand capabilities for workers, emphasizing human skills like creativity and emotional intelligence which AI cannot replicate. Such transformation provides opportunities for workers to engage in higher-order tasks, aligning human capital with evolving economic needs ().

The refined index serves as a pivotal tool for policymakers, allowing them to craft informed, precise strategies that address GenAI's impact on the global workforce. These strategies could encompass educational reforms, tailored reskilling programs, and robust social safety frameworks to buffer against potential job market disruptions, ensuring a smooth transition to a future where human and AI tasks coexist symbiotically ().

Differentiating Between the 2023 and 2025 ILO Reports on AI

The 2023 International Labour Organization (ILO) report on artificial intelligence (AI) and jobs served as a groundbreaking assessment, unveiling initial insights into how generative AI was likely to transform the employment landscape globally. According to the ILO, clerical jobs were identified as having the highest exposure to these technological shifts. However, the 2025 ILO report introduces several refinements and updates that set it distinctly apart from its predecessor. For one, the 2025 study enriches the characterization of occupational exposure to generative AI by integrating advancements in AI technology and increased user interaction, offering a more nuanced understanding of occupational risks. The use of a broader and more diverse dataset, including data from the Polish occupational classification and expert surveys, enhances its analytical precision, resulting in improved predictions regarding AI's occupational impacts. Moreover, the deployment of advanced AI model predictions in this follow-up study enhances the reliability of its exposure estimates, earning it recognition as a more robust and comprehensive tool for policymakers. To explore more on these improvements, the ILO publication provides a detailed account .

In striving to differentiate between the findings of the 2023 and 2025 ILO reports, one must consider the evolving context of generative AI’s fit within the workforce. While the 2023 report laid an essential groundwork by identifying clerical roles as particularly vulnerable to AI's advances, the 2025 report extends these findings with refined methodologies and additional data points to reflect the growing integration of AI in the workplace. Notably, one of the report's key highlights is its examination of gender disparities, emphasizing how AI impacts women more significantly in high-income countries. This gender-focused lens offers findings vital for shaping targeted policy responses. Additionally, whereas the 2023 report speculated on potential job replacements, the 2025 follow-up tends to illustrate a more complex picture of job transformation, where GenAI serves less as a replacement and more as an augmentation tool, reshaping existing job roles without fully displacing human effort. A thorough examination of these distinctions highlights the importance of understanding AI's evolving trajectory and its disparate impacts across various demographics, which is detailed in the full ILO report .

Understanding Job Transformation in the Age of GenAI

In the era of Generative AI (GenAI), the landscape of jobs is undergoing a significant transformation. As artificial intelligence technologies continue to evolve, they are shaping the way we work in unprecedented ways. A notable study by the International Labour Organization highlights how roughly one in four jobs globally are now exposed to GenAI, with clerical and administrative roles being particularly susceptible. This exposure is not merely about replacement but rather transformation—where technology augments the job functions rather than eliminating them straightaway. As AI capabilities continue to emerge, the core skills required in most professions are likely to see a shift towards more human-centric skills such as creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. But what does this mean for the workforce at large? For many sectors, it spells a future where GenAI and humans work hand-in-hand, enhancing productivity while necessitating continuous learning and adaptation. The full report can be explored for more detailed insights on this dynamic evolution [here](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

While the fear of job displacement lingers within quarters of the workforce, the reality may be that GenAI enables a new wave of job transformation. GenAI tools are poised to automate routine and repetitive tasks, thus freeing employees to focus on higher-order challenges that require soft skills—areas where humans distinctly outperform machines. This shifting dynamic presents an opportunity for workers to engage in more meaningful, value-added activities within their roles. Meanwhile, organizations are positioned to harness AI to bolster efficiency and innovation. By integrating GenAI into business operations, companies can upgrade their organizational capabilities while employees enhance their professional skill set, making them more adaptable and resilient in an ever-changing job market. For further reading on job transformation versus job replacement, access the details [here](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

Gender disparities remain a noteworthy concern in the realm of job transformations influenced by GenAI. The ILO report points out a significant discrepancy in AI exposure levels between men and women, especially in high-income countries. It seems women are more exposed to the potential transformation of their roles, primarily because they dominate sectors like clerical work that are heavily influenced by GenAI. This exposure calls for urgent policy interventions aimed at fostering gender equality in the workplace. Reskilling and upskilling programs tailored to women's needs will be crucial in addressing these disparities and ensuring that economic benefits from AI advancements are shared broadly across genders. Learn more about the gender impact of GenAI [here](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

The implications of GenAI in transforming job structures are profound, both economically and socially. Economically, there is potential for significant productivity gains and efficiency improvements, thus bolstering global competitiveness. However, the challenge lies in the equitable distribution of these economic benefits. With women facing a higher risk of job transformation, policymakers must prioritize inclusive strategies to support diverse workforce participation. Socially, the transformation is expected to lead to a more skilled and adaptable workforce prepared to navigate the intricacies of a technologically driven environment. To explore these implications in depth, visit the ILO's insights [here](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

As we stand at the cusp of a potentially transformative period in employment evolution, effective policy formulation is imperative. By linking refined occupational exposure indexes with nuanced national data, policymakers can tailor responses to specifically address the unique challenges posed by GenAI. These measures might include revising educational curricula to encompass AI literacy and creating robust social safety nets for those likely to be most affected by these shifts. Initiatives like these will be central to not only averting job losses but also capitalizing on the new opportunities GenAI presents. For policy strategies based on the refined index, you can read more [here](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

Gender Disparity in GenAI Exposure: Key Findings

The ILO's 2025 working paper on occupational exposure to generative AI reveals significant findings regarding gender disparity in GenAI exposure. According to the study, female workers, especially in higher-income countries, are more susceptible to GenAI exposure than their male counterparts. This disparity is partly due to the concentration of women in roles that are heavily impacted by AI, such as clerical and administrative positions. The findings call for urgent policy interventions to mitigate potential inequalities that may arise from this exposure. Policymakers are urged to focus on empowering women through reskilling and upskilling initiatives to better prepare them for the transformative changes anticipated in the workforce due to AI [source](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

Moreover, the work by the ILO in collaboration with Poland's National Research Institute sheds light on the complexities and multi-layered impact of GenAI on different genders. The comprehensive study suggests that while jobs across the board are undergoing transformation rather than outright replacement, the extent of this transformation varies for men and women. In particular, the study indicates that women in high-income nations are exceedingly vulnerable to these changes. As clerical jobs face the highest exposure to AI transformation, and considering their substantial female workforce, the risk of gender disparity in GenAI exposure becomes pronounced. This underscores the necessity for governments to not only recognize these disparities but also actively work towards addressing them, ensuring equitable opportunities for both men and women in an evolving technological landscape [source](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

In light of these findings, public reaction has been mixed, reflecting a range of emotions from optimism about AI's potential to anxiety over potential job displacement and gender inequality. While some stakeholders express relief that GenAI is more likely to transform jobs rather than replace them, there remains widespread concern about the higher exposure rates for women, which could exacerbate existing gender inequalities in the workforce. Social media and public forums amplify calls for robust policies aimed at protecting women's employment and ensuring fair transitions in the wake of GenAI's integration into the workplace [source](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

Furthermore, experts highlight that the economic implications of GenAI exposure are substantial, potentially triggering significant transformations in job markets worldwide. With roughly one in four workers globally exposed to GenAI, there's an urgent need for nations to implement actionable strategies that address the gender gap. Noteworthy is the belief that GenAI will add trillions to the global economy annually, further emphasizing the need for equitable distribution of the gains from AI advancements. Governments are thus encouraged to react decisively to ensure that the transition to GenAI-enriched work environments is not only smooth but also just, taking into account the higher exposure risks faced by women [source](https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure).

Policy Recommendations from the ILO's Latest Findings

The International Labour Organization (ILO) has highlighted several policy recommendations to address the challenges posed by generative AI in its latest findings. One of the key areas is the urgent need for nuanced and targeted policy measures that cater to the distinct challenges faced by different demographics in the workforce. For example, addressing the heightened exposure of women to GenAI-related disruptions requires specific interventions. This includes designing and implementing robust reskilling and upskilling initiatives to ensure that women are adequately prepared to adapt to any transformations in their job roles. Ensuring equal access to these educational resources is crucial for mitigating the gender disparities that AI exposure has exacerbated, especially in high-income countries where this effect is most pronounced. Such targeted interventions can help create a more inclusive workforce capable of navigating the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities created by advancing AI technologies .

Another significant policy recommendation is the integration of the refined global index of occupational exposure into national data systems. By aligning this comprehensive index with domestic microdata, policymakers can generate precise, context-specific insights into how GenAI is transforming different job sectors within their economies. Such integration allows for the tailoring of sector-specific policies, ensuring that they are not only responsive but also preemptive in tackling potential workforce disruptions. Moreover, these insights can inform educational curricula and workforce development strategies, arming the labor force with the skills necessary to thrive in an AI-augmented job market. This approach not only supports a more seamless transition for workers into new roles but also optimizes national productivity and economic resilience .

The ILO's findings also underscore the importance of proactive international collaboration in policy formation to effectively manage the global impact of GenAI. Coordinated efforts can drive the establishment of international standards and ethical guidelines for AI deployment, fostering an environment where AI technologies are developed and implemented responsibly. Such global cooperation can help ensure that advancements in AI do not exacerbate existing inequalities across and within countries. By working together, nations can share insights and strategies, bolster the collective response to AI's challenges, and harness its benefits for global economic growth. This internationalist approach is vital given the interconnected nature of global economies and the ubiquitous potential of AI technologies .

Public Reactions to the ILO Report on GenAI

The release of the International Labour Organization (ILO) report on generative AI (GenAI) exposure has sparked a wave of public reactions, reflecting a blend of anxiety and hope. Among the most vocal concerns are those related to job security, as the report highlights the vulnerability of clerical positions to transformation rather than outright replacement. This nuance provides some solace for workers fearing job loss, as job roles are expected to evolve rather than vanish. However, the reassurance of job transformation does not completely assuage fears. There is a profound unease about the potential displacement, especially since these roles are frequently occupied by women, exacerbating gender disparities in the workforce. ILO publication.

Many individuals are also engaging in critical discourse on how gender disparities featured in the ILO report reinforce systemic inequalities. The highlighted disproportionate exposure of women to GenAI advances not only alarms workforce participants but also propels civil society groups to demand policy measures addressing this imbalance. Social media platforms have become hotbeds for discussions around creating protective policies for women, focusing on reskilling programs and equitable access to new job opportunities presented by advancements in GenAI. Policymakers are increasingly pressured to heed these calls to action, ensuring that any technological transition includes adequate support and integration strategies. ILO publication.

In addition to workforce concerns, there is a broader societal conversation surrounding the need for robust social safety nets in the wake of GenAI-induced changes. As some fear the economic shockwaves from jobs transitioning or being augmented by AI technologies, there is a push for stronger safety systems to support individuals during periods of professional adjustment. This includes calls for more comprehensive unemployment benefits and transition support services that can provide cushioning for affected workers. The recognition that AI is reshaping professions without necessarily reducing the workforce has led to increased advocacy for these safety measures as essential components of employment policy reform. ILO publication.

Conversely, some members of the public are expressing optimism about the GenAI report's findings, particularly in its indications towards job transformation rather than loss. This perspective is bolstered by the belief that GenAI could augment human capabilities, enhancing productivity across various sectors. As industries continue to evolve, the emphasis on transformation offers a more favorable outlook that focuses on collaboration between AI and human workers instead of competition. These positive reactions are centered on the potential benefits that could arise from GenAI integration, leading to new opportunities and roles that primarily enhance human creativity and problem-solving capabilities. ILO publication.

Potential Economic, Social, and Political Implications

Politically, the implications of GenAI's rise demand robust policy interventions and strategic governance. Governments worldwide will face pressure to fine-tune education and training systems to cater to the AI-oriented job landscape, likely becoming a focal point of political debate. The responsibility of supporting workers during this AI-driven transition could also become a polarizing topic, intensifying discussions surrounding social and economic policies. Furthermore, without coordinated, multi-stakeholder governance models, there is a risk of political instability as societal transformations accelerate. Drawing attention to these critical areas ensures a balanced approach, addressing both the opportunities and challenges presented by GenAI in the socio-political arena.