NASA's SDO Captures Double Lunar Magic: Two Partial Solar Eclipses

The NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is a key player in understanding our closest star, the Sun. Launched with the mission to study the Sun continuously, SDO operates from a geosynchronous orbit, allowing it to maintain a steady view of the sun. This unique vantage point provides an uninterrupted stream of high-resolution images of solar activities such as solar flares, sunspots, and other astronomical phenomena. SDO’s mission is critical, as its observations contribute significantly to our understanding of space weather, which can have direct impacts on Earth by affecting satellite communications and power grids.

One of the fascinating aspects of SDO’s mission is its ability to capture events not visible from Earth, such as "lunar transits." During these transits, the Moon passes in front of the Sun, as seen from SDO’s position, partially eclipsing it. This was the case on April 27 and 28, 2025, when SDO observed two such partial solar eclipses. These events enrich our knowledge of the Sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, which is crucial for understanding solar winds and magnetic fields. Observations made during these eclipses help calibrate the SDO’s instruments, offering data that is critical for refining models of solar activity. For more detailed imagery and insights about these observations, you can explore the Forbes article on the recent eclipses observed by SDO.

The NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is renowned for its remarkable ability to observe phenomena that remain hidden from terrestrial view. During April 27 and 28, 2025, the SDO captured breathtaking images of two rare partial solar eclipses, or lunar transits, from its strategic geosynchronous orbit. This unique vantage point allowed it to maintain a continuous view of the Sun, unhindered by Earth's rotation. These transits occur when the Moon passes in front of the Sun, visible only from space, providing valuable data for solar research. By observing these eclipses, SDO contributes significantly to understanding solar activities that influence space weather, which can impact technological systems on Earth. Learn more about SDO's observations.

These eclipses offer a unique opportunity to enhance our understanding of the Sun’s corona, the outermost layer of the star, often obscured by bright sunlight. From space, SDO's instruments, such as the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), can meticulously capture high-resolution images of the solar corona in various wavelengths. This allows scientists to study the corona’s composition and behavior, gain insights into solar flares, and improve the accuracy of space weather forecasts. These high-resolution images are fundamental in refining models that predict space weather phenomena, which have broader implications for satellite operations and communication networks on Earth. Explore the scientific achievements of these observations.

SDO’s observations are paramount for the calibration of its own instruments, enabling researchers to enhance the precision of solar measurements. The lunar transits, though only a partial obscuring of the Sun, help scientists fine-tune the instruments on board SDO. These calibrations are crucial for ensuring that the data collected over time remains consistent and reliable, ultimately aiding in long-term solar studies. As we anticipate a partial solar eclipse visible from Earth on September 21, 2025, and a total solar eclipse on August 12, 2026, SDO’s continuous monitoring from space provides precious data that complements ground-based observations, thus enriching our overall comprehension of solar dynamics. Discover how these eclipses are studied.

The geosynchronous orbit of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) plays a pivotal role in its ability to monitor solar activity with uninterrupted precision. Positioned approximately 22,000 miles above Earth, this orbit allows SDO to match Earth's rotation, enabling it to maintain a constant gaze at the Sun. This vantage point is essential for capturing continuous, real-time data, which is crucial for understanding solar phenomena such as flares and coronal mass ejections. By avoiding the interruptions caused by Earth's rotation and the day-night cycle, SDO can observe solar events that are often fleeting and require sustained observation to study effectively ().

The importance of a geosynchronous orbit for SDO is further highlighted during solar eclipses, particularly those termed lunar transits, where the Moon occasionally passes between the SDO and the Sun. These events, invisible from Earth, offer a unique opportunity for SDO to examine the Sun's corona in detail. The level of detail achievable from this orbit enhances our ability to calibrate instruments and refine our understanding of solar dynamics. During such transits, SDO obtains high-resolution images of the solar atmosphere's outer layers, data that are invaluable for studying the complex interactions within the Sun's magnetic field that influence space weather ().

SDO's continuous monitoring capabilities from its geosynchronous orbit are critical for advancing our knowledge of the Sun and space weather. The data gathered serve not only the scientific community but also have practical applications in fields like telecommunications, navigation, and power management. Understanding solar activity is essential for mitigating the effects of geomagnetic storms, which can disrupt global satellite communications and power grids. The consistent and uninterrupted observations made possible by SDO's orbit contribute to developing strategies that protect these critical infrastructures from the potentially devastating impacts of solar events ().

Lunar transits, as observed by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), present a unique opportunity to deepen our understanding of the Sun. These celestial events, which occur when the Moon moves across the Sun's face from the SDO's vantage point, allow scientists to capture detailed images of the solar corona—the outer atmosphere of the Sun. Such observations are invaluable for studying the corona's temperature and structure, phenomena that remain a significant focus in solar physics. In April 2025, SDO captured two such partial solar eclipses, highlighting features of the Sun that are not visible from Earth. This capability underscores the importance of SDO's geosynchronous orbit, which provides uninterrupted and detailed solar observations [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/04/28/in-photos-nasa-mission-sees-two-solar-eclipses-from-space/).

Observing lunar transits enriches our understanding of the Sun's complex magnetic behavior. The data gathered during these events helps in refining models of solar dynamics, particularly the processes underlying solar flares and coronal mass ejections, both of which have significant effects on space weather. By studying how the Moon's shadow moves across the Sun, scientists can calibrate the instruments on board the SDO, ensuring the accuracy of long-term data. This calibration is crucial for deciphering the Sun's magnetic and heliospheric actions over time, thereby improving predictions related to space weather phenomena [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/04/28/in-photos-nasa-mission-sees-two-solar-eclipses-from-space/).

SDO's observations of lunar transits offer a rare chance to measure the Sun's diameter with precision, a parameter critical for understanding its energy output and lifecycle. These measurements, which are not possible during regular solar imaging, allow scientists to detect subtle variations in the Sun's size, which may relate to broader changes in solar activity. Moreover, these eclipses enable a view of the solar limb, crucial for fine-tuning the sensitivity of solar observation instruments. By accurately capturing the details of the Sun's boundary during a lunar transit, the SDO can provide data that helps in modeling the sun’s entire atmospheric layers more effectively [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/04/28/in-photos-nasa-mission-sees-two-solar-eclipses-from-space/).

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is equipped with a suite of instruments designed to provide comprehensive data on solar activities. Among these, two key instruments stand out: the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). These instruments work in tandem to offer an unparalleled view of the Sun, allowing scientists to study solar phenomena with remarkable clarity. The AIA focuses on capturing images of the Sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona, across multiple wavelengths, enabling detailed analysis of events such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. This instrument is particularly valuable in understanding the complex dynamics of solar activity and its impact on space weather. By providing continuous, high-resolution imagery, the AIA helps researchers track changes in the corona over time, offering critical insights into solar behavior.

The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), on the other hand, is dedicated to studying the interior of the Sun and its magnetic fields. HMI uses helioseismology to penetrate the Sun's opaque surface and observe its internal dynamics, including the flow of plasma and the rotation of the solar interior. This information is crucial for understanding how magnetic activity within the Sun affects its surface and, ultimately, space weather. By observing subtle changes in the Sun’s magnetic fields, HMI contributes to a more precise prediction of solar activity, helping to forecast potential disruptions to technological systems on Earth. Together, AIA and HMI form the backbone of SDO's mission, providing essential data that enhances our understanding of the Sun and its influence on our solar system.

One of the notable achievements of SDO's instruments was during the observation of the solar eclipses on April 27 and 28, 2025. From its geosynchronous orbit, SDO witnessed these events as lunar transits, wherein the Moon partially obstructs the Sun. This unique vantage point allowed SDO to capture clear images of the solar corona during these transits, offering scientists the opportunity to refine their models of the Sun's atmosphere. Such observations are critical for improving the accuracy of solar measurements, as they enable better calibration of SDO's instruments. The ability to observe these transits from space, where the Earth's atmosphere does not interfere, provides a clarity that is unattainable from ground-based observations, thus enhancing the overall quality of the data collected.

SDO’s role goes beyond just capturing images; it also plays a vital role in education and international collaboration. By making its data publicly available, SDO fosters a global community of scientists working together to unravel the mysteries of the Sun. This collaborative approach not only speeds up scientific discoveries but also ensures that the insights gained from SDO's data benefit a wide array of fields, from space science to climate research. Furthermore, public engagement initiatives, often centered around spectacular events such as solar eclipses, help raise awareness about space weather and its implications for everyday life. By providing a steady stream of cutting-edge data, SDO contributes significantly to our preparation and response strategies in the face of solar-related challenges.

Overall, the instruments aboard SDO, particularly the AIA and HMI, are crucial to advancing our understanding of the Sun. These tools enable scientists to observe solar phenomena with unprecedented precision, offering insights into the mechanisms driving space weather. As we continue to rely on technologies susceptible to solar disturbances, the data provided by SDO becomes ever more indispensable. It supports not only scientific research but also practical applications, such as improving the resilience of communication systems and power grids against solar events. Through its continuous monitoring and data sharing, SDO plays an indispensable role in both the scientific exploration of the Sun and the application of this knowledge to enhance human life and safety on Earth.

In the years 2025 and 2026, sky enthusiasts and scientists alike will be treated to a series of spectacular eclipses. The upcoming celestial events promise to captivate observers around the globe. Beginning with a partial solar eclipse on September 21, 2025, millions will have the opportunity to witness this astronomical wonder, which will be visible across parts of Australia, Antarctica, and areas of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. But the crown jewel of these events will undoubtedly be the total solar eclipse slated for August 12, 2026. Its path of totality will sweep across Greenland, Iceland, Spain, Russia, and a segment of Portugal, offering an unforgettable experience where day briefly turns to night. These natural phenomena, remarkable in their cosmic precision, provide both a spectacle and a rich field of study for astronomers and amateurs alike who seek to understand our universe better.

NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) has provided unique insights into these upcoming eclipses from its vantage point in a geosynchronous orbit. As reported by Forbes, the SDO observed two partial solar eclipses, also known as 'lunar transits,' on April 27 and 28, 2025. These events occurred as the Moon passed in front of the Sun from the SDO's perspective, yet they remained invisible to observers on Earth. The ability of the SDO to capture these eclipses enhances our understanding of solar dynamics by offering continuous observation of the Sun's behavior, critical for advancing forecasts in space weather [source](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/04/28/in-photos-nasa-mission-sees-two-solar-eclipses-from-space/).

Eclipses are not only a visual feast but also an opportunity to gather valuable data about the Sun's atmosphere, especially its corona. For instance, the total solar eclipse of 2026 will enable scientists to study the Sun's outermost layer in detail, which can reveal secrets about solar winds and magnetic fields. The SDO will complement ground-based observations by providing detailed images that allow researchers to analyze solar activity and refine parameters of solar models. Such events continue to underscore the importance of international collaboration in astronomy, ensuring these fleeting moments yield maximum scientific benefit.

The impact of these eclipses extends beyond the scientific community. Tourists are drawn to eclipse paths, generating significant economic activity in viewing areas. For example, hotels and tourism services within the path of totality often experience a boom as enthusiasts flock to witness these rare events. In addition, public interest in solar phenomena grows, emphasizing the need for safe viewing practices. Educational campaigns and proper eye safety measures, such as using certified solar glasses, are essential to ensure that this fascination is enjoyed without harm.

As we anticipate the celestial performances of 2025 and 2026, they serve as a reminder of our small place in an expansive universe. These eclipses not only inspire awe but also drive home the critical importance of protecting our planet's systems from the potential impacts of solar activities. Through ongoing research and global cooperation, we can continue to learn from these enigmas of the sky, enhancing our appreciation and understanding of Earth's closest star.

The insights gained from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) are instrumental in advancing our understanding of solar phenomena. Positioned in a geosynchronous orbit, the SDO effectively monitors solar activity without the usual interruptions caused by Earth's rotation. This continuous observation is crucial for capturing dynamic solar events not visible from Earth. One such phenomenon, the lunar transit, provides invaluable data on the sun's corona, the outermost layer of the solar atmosphere. These events help refine scientific instruments and models, improving the accuracy of predictions for solar weather that could impact satellite operations, GPS systems, and even terrestrial weather patterns.

Dr. Jamie Carter of Forbes underscores the unique vantage point of the SDO, emphasizing its capability to observe solar eclipses that are invisible from the Earth's surface. These observations, while visually captivating, hold significant scientific value by offering detailed analyses of the solar atmosphere and aiding in the calibration of equipment used to measure the sun's activity. The insights garnered from these observations contribute substantially to the field of astrophysics and enhance our ability to forecast space weather phenomena that have direct impacts on Earth's technological infrastructure [source].

Furthermore, the SDO plays a pivotal role in the realm of international space research, with its data being integral to global efforts to comprehend and mitigate the effects of space weather. The collaborative nature of this research underscores the mission's broader significance beyond immediate scientific inquiries. As space weather can disrupt global communication networks and power supplies, the insights provided by the SDO are vital for developing resilience against such disruptions, thereby highlighting the importance of international cooperation in addressing these shared challenges [source].

The awe and wonder of celestial events like solar eclipses have always captured the public's imagination. The anticipation for future eclipses has spurred a growing interest among astronomy enthusiasts and the general public alike. With a partial solar eclipse expected on September 21, 2025, public excitement is building, much like previous eclipse events. People are actively preparing, acquiring special solar viewing glasses, and making travel plans to be within the best viewing regions. These events are not just scientifically significant; they are moments of collective human experience that transcend geography and culture. The coming solar eclipses present a unique opportunity for public engagement with astronomy and science.

The public reaction to the announcement of a total solar eclipse on August 12, 2026, has been one of eager anticipation. This event, spanning parts of Greenland, Iceland, Spain, Russia, and Portugal, promises not only stunning visual spectacles but also significant opportunities for scientific research. The previous eclipse in 1999 is still fondly remembered, and many are excited about the chance to witness such an extraordinary celestial event once more. Online forums and social media are abuzz with discussions about the best locations to witness the total eclipse and tips for safe observation, underscoring the widespread global interest in these astronomical phenomena. By referring to the upcoming eclipses, people are better equipped to prepare for the event.

Despite the lack of direct visibility from Earth for some of these celestial events, the excitement stirred by the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory's (SDO) observations, such as the lunar transits on April 27 and 28, 2025, has been palpable in scientific communities. While the public generally cannot observe such phenomena, the data collected by SDO has enhanced public understanding of solar activity and its repercussions on Earth. As part of the growing enthusiasm for future eclipses, the general populace is becoming more aware of the significant role space agencies play in monitoring these events. The observations made by SDO continue to highlight the importance of space research for public benefit.

The NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) has opened new doors in our understanding of the Sun and its many phenomena. As the SDO observed two recent lunar transits—partial solar eclipses not visible from Earth—on April 27 and 28, 2025, it captured high-resolution images that are pivotal for studying solar activity. These observations highlight the vast potential of space-based solar observation over traditional, Earth-bound methods. Positioned in a geosynchronous orbit, SDO continuously monitors the Sun, offering unique data that is inaccessible from Earth's surface. This ability is crucial in studying conditions that give rise to solar flares and coronal mass ejections, incidents known to disrupt Earth's magnetic field and technological systems .

By advancing our understanding of solar activity, SDO's observations not only enhance scientific knowledge but also support economic stability. Space weather can have detrimental effects on satellite functionality, GPS systems, and power grids, leading to costly disruptions. With refined models of solar behavior derived from SDO's data, scientists can improve the accuracy of space weather forecasts, which in turn reduces the risk of unexpected system failures and supports the planning and maintenance of technology-dependent infrastructures. Furthermore, accurate eclipse predictions bolster tourism economies, as was evident during previous events. In 2026, the total solar eclipse expected to cross parts of Europe and North America will likely attract numerous tourists, generating significant economic benefits for areas within the path of totality .

Moreover, the SDO’s contributions go beyond the immediate scientific community. By broadening public awareness of space weather, it plays a vital role in enhancing societal preparedness. Efforts to inform the public about the risks associated with solar activity and the importance of mitigating these risks are increasingly at the forefront, driven by real-time data and insights provided by initiatives such as the SDO mission. This heightened awareness encourages collective resilience against potential space weather impacts on daily life, fostering a society that is well-equipped to respond to these cosmic phenomena .

The broader implications of the SDO's work also extend into the realm of international collaboration. Space weather is a global challenge, and data gathered by the SDO is shared freely, fostering a spirit of cooperation among nations in the face of common threats. Such collaboration ensures that researchers and policymakers worldwide can devise strategies to protect vital technologies and infrastructures against space weather disturbances. This collective effort is crucial not only for global scientific advancement but also for sustaining peaceful and productive international relations .

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) has revolutionized our understanding of solar dynamics through its continuous monitoring and data collection from a geosynchronous orbit. This unique vantage point allows SDO to capture high-resolution images of the sun, providing rich data that deepens our understanding of solar phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Observations from the SDO are crucial in studying the sun's corona—its outermost layer—which plays an essential role in the sun's influence on space weather. The nuances of these celestial events are captured in stunning detail, revealing patterns and behaviors that are not observable from Earth. For instance, the recent lunar transits observed in April 2025 are part of efforts to refine solar observation techniques and deepen insights into the dynamics of the sun's corona, as highlighted by NASA's dedicated mission [source].

One of the key areas of contribution from the SDO is in understanding and predicting space weather. This is critically important, as space weather can have profound effects on Earth's technological infrastructure. Through continuous observation and data gathering, the SDO provides scientists with real-time information that is vital for creating more accurate models of solar activity. These models help predict solar flares and CMEs, which are essential for preparing satellites, protecting power grids, and safeguarding airlines from the adverse effects of solar radiation. The data from the SDO has transformed these predictions into more reliable precautionary measures, potentially saving billions in economic impact from unforeseen space weather events [source].

The observations made possible by SDO are not only beneficial for scientific research but also hold significant public interest. Major solar events, like the upcoming partial solar eclipse on September 21, 2025, attract global attention and provide a timely reminder of the ever-present influence of the sun. These events enhance public understanding and stimulate interest in space exploration and solar dynamics. SDO’s high-quality data helps calibrate measurements and improve the accuracy of eclipse predictions, significantly contributing to educational outreach efforts. By aligning space-based observations with ground-based eclipse events, SDO fosters a renewed interest in astronomy and encourages the wider public to engage with these cosmic occurrences [source].

Moreover, with the continuous sharing of data via collaborative international platforms, SDO stands as a symbol of global scientific cooperation. The mission’s findings are distributed to international audiences, fostering a worldwide scientific dialogue and enhancing collective efforts in solar research and space weather forecasting. This cooperative spirit is vital for global preparedness against space weather events, ensuring that insights gained from SDO's observations aid in disaster readiness and mitigation strategies across national borders. Such efforts underline the significance of SDO’s contributions not only to the scientific community but also to global society, highlighting the critical importance of collaborative research in addressing challenges posed by solar activity [source].

Accurate space weather predictions hold immense economic benefits, extending far beyond the realm of astronomy. Space weather, primarily driven by solar activity, can significantly impact various sectors, including communications, navigation, and power systems. The timely and precise forecasting of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) enables companies to implement precautionary measures that safeguard satellites and terrestrial technologies. For example, satellite operators can adjust orbits and shut down vulnerable instruments to avoid damage, while power grid managers can prepare for potential geomagnetic disturbances that may affect electrical transmissions, minimizing the risk of widespread blackouts. This preparedness not only prevents billions in damages but also ensures the continuity of services critical to modern life.

Economic reliance on satellite technology is growing exponentially, with millions depending on GPS and telecommunications in their daily routines. Accurate predictions of space weather phenomena help to mitigate risks to these infrastructures. A vivid illustration of the benefit is the role of NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in enhancing our solar forecasting models [0](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/04/28/in-photos-nasa-mission-sees-two-solar-eclipses-from-space/). By constantly monitoring the sun and capturing high-resolution images of solar phenomena, SDO provides vital data that feeds into predictive models, facilitating timely responses to space weather threats. This capacity is crucial as it supports the stability and reliability of global communication networks, a cornerstone of the global economy.

The tourism industry also experiences a boost from accurate space weather predictions, especially during celestial events like solar eclipses. These predictions are crucial in planning and marketing astronomical tourism, a niche yet highly lucrative sector. Tourists flock to regions with predictable clear views of solar eclipses, generating substantial income for the local economies through accommodations, services, and transportation. The solar eclipses anticipated in 2025 and 2026 will likely draw considerable attention. With SDO's contributions ensuring accurate forecasting [0](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2025/04/28/in-photos-nasa-mission-sees-two-solar-eclipses-from-space/), regions in the path of totality are anticipated to reap economic benefits similar to those observed in past events.

Space weather is an extraordinary phenomenon that not only captivates scientific inquiry but also carries significant social and political implications. As societies become increasingly dependent on technology, understanding the impact of space weather on communication systems, power grids, and satellites becomes vital. Growing public awareness about space weather can lead to enhanced preparedness for such events. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) plays a crucial role in this regard by providing continuous data on solar activities. By disseminating this information widely, public awareness can be elevated to ensure that communities are better prepared for unexpected disruptions caused by space disturbances. For instance, the potential for solar storms to disrupt global communication highlights the importance of integrating scientific insights into public safety measures.

Furthermore, the political dimensions of space weather awareness cannot be ignored. International collaboration in the field of space research has been intensified, with nations working together to understand and mitigate the risks posed by solar activities. The availability of data on space weather opens channels for international policy-making, encouraging nations to invest in joint strategies and research endeavors. For example, the European Space Agency (ESA), in collaboration with NASA, often shares crucial space weather data to foster a unified approach toward managing these global challenges. Such cooperation is essential, as space weather events have the potential to affect multiple countries simultaneously, demanding coordinated preparedness and response measures.

The significance of space weather extends into political discussions surrounding national security. As space weather events can disrupt national infrastructures, understanding and predicting these occurrences quickly become matters of strategic importance. By leveraging data and learnings from missions such as the SDO, defense agencies and national governments can develop policies that mitigate the impact of space weather on national security. Consequently, national preparedness is being integrated into defense strategies, raising awareness of the critical role that space weather data plays in securing the functions of modern societies.

On a societal level, events such as solar eclipses generate intrigue and foster educational opportunities around space weather awareness. For instance, the partial solar eclipse visible on September 21, 2025, will promote public interest and potentially lead to educational campaigns that disseminate knowledge about solar phenomena and their effects on Earth. Such events not only inspire curiosity but also highlight the importance of global observation networks like NASA's SDO which provides valuable data that enhances scientific understanding and prediction capabilities. Motivated by these natural spectacles, educational institutions can leverage them to promote science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects, further embedding the significance of space weather in everyday discourse.

International collaboration in space research plays a pivotal role in enhancing our understanding of the universe and addressing global challenges. By uniting resources and expertise, countries can undertake more ambitious projects and achieve breakthroughs that would be difficult or impossible independently. This approach is exemplified by large-scale initiatives such as the International Space Station (ISS), where nations work together to conduct valuable scientific research [Forbes]. Such collaborations enable knowledge sharing, reduce costs, and promote goodwill among nations, ultimately contributing to scientific progress and fostering peace.

The importance of international collaboration is further highlighted in the context of space weather research. By working together, countries can pool their resources to develop better predictive capabilities, safeguarding assets such as satellites, which are crucial for global communication and navigation [Forbes]. Events such as solar eclipses offer unique observational opportunities that require coordination between space agencies to optimize data collection and analysis. The NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory's observations of solar eclipses are a prime example of such efforts, improving our understanding of solar phenomena and enhancing global preparedness for space weather events.

International collaboration is not just about sharing scientific data but also about harmonizing technological standards and policies. When countries collaborate, they establish shared frameworks that benefit the scientific community at large [Forbes]. This alignment is crucial for ensuring the effective use of resources, such as synchronizing satellite launches and utilizing shared equipment, ultimately leading to more comprehensive and efficient research outcomes that can address complex questions about our solar system.