San Francisco's Tech Sector Hit by "White-Collar Recession"

Introduction to the "White-Collar Recession"

The concept of a "white-collar recession" is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of the San Francisco tech industry. This term describes a period of economic downturn that disproportionately affects professionals typically engaged in office environments, unlike the blue-collar workforce traditionally connected with manufacturing or manual labor. As the industry grapples with waves of layoffs and restructuring, many employees find themselves navigating a challenging landscape marked by job losses and reduced salaries, indicative of the broader white-collar recession trend.

At the heart of this recession is the transformative impact of AI technology, which is reshaping the employment landscape. The introduction of AI into mainstream business operations, especially coding and software development, has significantly shifted hiring practices. Companies are now able to accomplish more with fewer resources, thanks to AI's increasing role in automating tasks. For instance, fewer software engineers are required to handle the same amount of work due to enhanced productivity from AI tools, leading to fewer opportunities for mid-level engineers.

Despite the challenging environment, there remains a relatively high number of tech job postings. However, the competition for these positions has intensified, with many job seekers experiencing extensive job searches. The evolving job market has moved some workers outside their traditional tech roles, compelling them to explore opportunities in other industries or regions. For new graduates, the once-promised plethora of lucrative opportunities in the tech sector has become harder to realize, forcing many to broaden their scope and consider roles beyond their initial focus, as reflected in the ongoing recession trends.

The effects of the white-collar recession extend beyond individual job seekers. Experts suggest that the situation is contributing to a broader economic recalibration. As confidence wanes among both employees and employers, it is not just the workforce that feels the strain. San Francisco, with its high cost of living and reliance on the tech sector as an economic driver, experiences wider repercussions. This includes declining consumer spending and a ripple effect impacting other sectors reliant on the prosperity of the tech industry. These developments highlight the intertwined nature of economic confidence and employment trends in shaping the broader economic landscape.

Impact of AI on San Francisco's Tech Jobs

The impact of AI on San Francisco's tech jobs is profound and multifaceted, illustrating the disruption technology can cause in a major industry hub. Right in the heart of the city's economy, the tech sector is undergoing a 'white-collar recession,' characterized by mass layoffs, pay reductions, and heightened competition for remaining positions. As observed in a recent analysis, the rise of AI has been a significant driving force behind these changes, automating tasks once reserved for human workers and subsequently reducing the demand for a mid-level workforce [source].

As AI technologies continue to evolve, companies such as Salesforce have begun strategically reducing hiring efforts, particularly of engineers, as AI's efficiency allows smaller teams to accomplish what larger teams once did [source]. This has not only created an overflow of tech professionals in the job market but has also prompted many to reconsider their career paths or expand their job search beyond the tech sector [source]. Even recent graduates find themselves in expanded searches for employment, looking beyond Silicon Valley to find roles that match their aspirations [source].

The comprehensive changes brought forth by AI's integration are not entirely negative, though. Companies are witnessing increased productivity levels, allowing them to push boundaries and innovate with fewer resources. This technology enables businesses to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving global market [source]. However, the benefits for organizations often come at the expense of the workforce, who must adapt to new employment dynamics and expectations [source]. Job seekers are encouraged to learn AI tools to stay relevant and consider positions in sectors like finance and healthcare that are increasingly tech-reliant [source].

Despite the downturn, the tech industry in San Francisco is not mirroring the dot-com bust in its entirety. The sector persists in growth, albeit at a redefined scale and scope. The industry continues to find ways to integrate AI into its fold, with a particular interest in specialized tech roles that emphasize AI and machine learning disciplines. Events like tech career fairs underline this ongoing demand for certain skill sets, suggesting new opportunities amidst the obstacles posed by this white-collar recession [source]. This duality poses both challenges and opportunities, demanding adaptability from workers and strategic foresight from employers and policymakers alike.

Comparison with the Dot-Com Bust

The current downturn in the San Francisco tech industry draws many comparisons to the infamous dot-com bust of the early 2000s. Much like that era, an overheated market characterized by speculative investments and rapid growth has led to a sudden contraction. However, while the dot-com bust was marked by the implosion of several high-profile internet companies and a subsequent decimation of the tech workforce, the present situation is shaped by different dynamics. The rise of artificial intelligence and automation are primary factors driving the current "white-collar recession," as companies adjust their workforce needs in response to technological advancements. This shift suggests a transformation in the type of roles needed, rather than an outright collapse of the industry as seen two decades ago [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

During the dot-com bust, recovery seemed bleak and took several years, with employment levels in the tech sector not rebounding until the late 2000s [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). Today's tech landscape, although challenged, is also varied and expansive, with opportunities still present, notably in sectors that leverage AI and machine learning. This creates a nuanced employment landscape where some areas within tech are burgeoning, even as traditional roles are reduced or transformed [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

Moreover, the dot-com bust and the current scenario share commonalities in their pressure on tech workers. Once again, workers face a competitive job market, but the skills now in demand differ considerably due to the technological advances over the past 20 years. New graduates find themselves in a world where mastering AI and adapting to innovative technologies are crucial competitive edges [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). Companies are less concerned with hiring en masse and more focused on specialized capabilities that drive AI development and implementation, reflecting broader changes in industry strategy away from sheer scaling of human resources to smart deployment of technology.

While the dot-com era saw an abundance of startups with shaky business models collapse, today's tech downturn stems more from a strategic pivot within established companies. The drive towards efficiency and using AI tools to boost productivity has seen companies such as Salesforce freeze hiring [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). However, unlike the dot-com period, there is still underlying growth potential, especially in AI roles, despite the reduction in traditional software engineering jobs. This demonstrates a shift in the nature of growth within the tech sector, from extensive to intensive modes, which could indicate more sustainable, although selective, long-term benefits [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

Expert Advice for Job Seekers in a Competitive Market

Navigating a competitive job market, particularly amidst the so-called "white-collar recession" in the San Francisco tech industry, requires strategic adaptability and a forward-thinking mindset. Experts advise job seekers to broaden their horizons, both in terms of industries and geographical locations. While tech jobs are still being listed, the intense competition means that candidates might need to look beyond traditional tech hubs like San Francisco and consider opportunities in sectors such as manufacturing, retail, finance, transportation, and healthcare, all of which are increasingly seeking tech talent. This shift is essential for those struggling in prolonged job searches or facing the possibility of lower-paying roles [source].

In this challenging environment, remaining competitive is key. One way to do this is by leveraging the same technology that is reshaping the job landscape: AI. Learning how to use AI coding tools can significantly boost a job seeker's profile, as these tools are transforming workflows and enabling smaller teams to achieve what once required much larger groups. This adaptability not only enhances an applicant's appeal but also ensures they are aligned with industry trends that favor efficiency and productivity gains [source].

Job seekers should also be prepared to pivot their career paths. With tech giants adjusting their hiring strategies—some even freezing engineer recruitment due to increased AI productivity—candidates should consider roles that might differ from their previous positions. This adaptability can mean accepting jobs with different responsibilities or even lower initial pay, but it can also open doors to new career trajectories and growth opportunities. Moreover, embracing this flexibility can lead to finding fulfilling roles outside of one's initial expertise [source].

The current job market dynamics call for resilience and a proactive approach. Networking remains a critical component of job searching. Engaging with professional communities, attending industry events, and seeking mentorship can provide valuable connections and insights into emerging opportunities. For example, participating in virtual tech career fairs, like the one focused on diversity and inclusivity, offers a chance to meet potential employers and showcase skills in areas such as software engineering and data science [source].

Above all, a strategic approach involves staying informed and agile. With AI poised to potentially eliminate millions of jobs globally, understanding the broader economic landscape and anticipating industry shifts will equip job seekers with the knowledge needed to make informed career moves. As the labor market evolves, staying updated on trends and continuously developing skills relevant to future demands will be crucial in securing a stable and rewarding career [source].

Current Unemployment and Economic Trends in Tech

The technology industry, once seen as a bastion of economic strength and innovation, is now experiencing a significant upheaval due to a looming "white-collar recession." Recent reports highlight a wave of job losses, salary reductions, and increased uncertainty among tech workers in San Francisco, a city known for its vibrant tech ecosystem. This downturn has been partly attributed to the rise of artificial intelligence, which has introduced efficiencies but also led to decreased demand for human labor, particularly impacting mid-level software engineering roles ().

Amidst ongoing layoffs, the tech industry continues to face pressures unique compared to previous downturns, such as the dot-com bust. The key difference lies in the ongoing growth of tech job postings, which remain robust despite the layoffs, indicating an evolving job market where demand is shifting towards skill sets aligned with AI and digital transformation. Companies like Salesforce are reconsidering their hiring practices, with many freezing new positions as they explore AI-driven alternatives (). Recent graduates and seasoned professionals alike find themselves widening their job search beyond traditional tech hubs or contemplating lower-paying roles to remain gainfully employed.

The proliferation of AI tools is reshaping the tech industry landscape, allowing smaller teams to achieve work outputs previously managed by larger groups. This transition is contributing to the current challenging employment environment, not only reducing the number of necessary hires but also redefining the very fabric of job roles within the sector (). This tech evolution emphasizes the necessity for professionals to adapt by acquiring new skills, particularly in understanding and leveraging AI technologies, to maintain their competitive edge in an increasingly automated workspace.

Moreover, the socio-economic impact of this tech recession is broadening. Many tech workers, faced with prolonged job searches and the reality of accepting positions with lower remuneration, are battling heightened anxieties similar to those observed during significant economic downturns (). The San Francisco Bay Area, with its high cost of living, exasperates these pressures, making it difficult for even employed individuals to sustain their current standard of living without experiencing financial strain. The tech sector's shift is a microcosm of larger economic transitions where the future workforce requires resilience and adaptability.

Managerial Challenges in the Tech Industry

The managerial landscape within the tech industry has become increasingly complicated, as leaders are faced with navigating the turbulent waters of an economic slowdown and technological upheaval. In San Francisco, often seen as the heart of the tech world, a 'white-collar recession' is forcing managers to cope with severe job losses, widespread pay reductions, and a marked increase in worker anxiety. This situation is compounded by the increasing integration of AI tools in the workplace. As AI coding tools enable smaller teams to achieve the productivity of much larger groups, the demand for traditional software engineering roles is declining, putting additional pressure on existing managers [].

One of the primary challenges managers face is the need to implement significant cost-cutting measures while still striving to meet business targets and keep morale high amidst a tense atmosphere of job insecurity. Often, these leaders must work with teams who are concerned about job displacement from AI advancements. The competitive environment forces managers to rethink traditional strategies, potentially prompting them to take pay cuts or even shift into individual contributor roles themselves [].

Moreover, the pressure is not just top-down; tech managers are increasingly finding themselves competing with a growing pool of laid-off professionals who are willing to accept lower-level positions. This dynamic challenges managers to either innovate within their managerial practices or risk becoming obsolete. Some industry experts even suggest adopting an entrepreneurial mindset, where managers might pivot towards building their own startups to better control their professional destinies [].

The psychological toll on managers is significant. They are expected to lead effectively despite cuts in resources and personnel, which poses a significant challenge to maintaining team engagement and productivity. The decline in employee confidence across the information sector, as reported by Glassdoor's lead economist, highlights the broader impact on management roles, demanding strategies that can inspire confidence and resilience in teams [].

Looking ahead, managers in the tech sector will need to balance traditional leadership roles with a deeper understanding of technological advancements and their implications on job structures. The anticipated professional displacement driven by AI could lead to a reevaluation of managerial competencies, with a stronger emphasis on adaptability, strategic foresight, and emotional intelligence to effectively steer teams through these challenging times. Furthermore, addressing the underlying concerns related to AI and job security will be critical, both to alleviate workforce fears and sustain organizational growth [].

AI Tools and the Changing Landscape for Software Engineers

AI tools have dramatically shifted the landscape for software engineers, creating both new challenges and opportunities within the tech industry. With AI's capability to automate coding tasks, the demand for software engineers is recalibrating, allowing smaller teams to achieve levels of productivity previously requiring much larger groups [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). This shift has implications for employment dynamics, as businesses adapt to integrate AI into their processes, impacting hiring practices and potentially leading to workforce reductions.

The current landscape is considerably influenced by economic conditions akin to a 'white-collar recession,' where evolutionary pressures imposed by AI are prompting dramatic changes. Software engineers are learning to navigate these currents, often by upskilling and mastering AI-enhanced tools that streamline coding and project management [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). This evolution necessitates a balance between innovation brought by AI and the traditional workforce structure.

Despite the growth in AI's capabilities, the impact on job creation has been minimal, calling into question the sustainability of tech employment reliant on current AI technologies. Expert opinions suggest that while innovation continues, the number of new jobs directly linked to AI technology remains modest [4](https://sfstandard.com/2024/03/26/san-francisco-economy-after-edd-report/). Thus, software engineers must be adaptable, diversifying their skills to maintain relevance in a rapidly advancing field.

Companies are re-evaluating traditional roles within software engineering teams, often seeking professionals who can bridge the gap between AI development and its application. The landscape is not only shaped by technological advances but also by broader economic factors, including high-profile layoffs and salary reductions, which underscore the competitive nature of tech employment today [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). This dual challenge requires software engineers to remain agile, embracing continuous learning and cross-disciplinary expertise.

Public reactions to these shifts have been mixed; while some workers embrace the change, viewing AI as a valuable tool for enhancing productivity, others express concerns about job security and the long-term viability of current career paths [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). As the tech industry advances, community sentiment reflects a complex blend of optimism for innovation and anxiety over employment stability.

Public Reactions to Job Market Changes

The recent developments in the San Francisco job market have sparked a wide array of public reactions, especially concerning the ongoing so-called "white-collar recession" within the tech industry. Many residents are voicing their concerns about job stability and the decreasing number of high-paying positions that the area was once famous for. The downturn has led numerous tech workers who have been laid off to publicly share their struggles in finding new employment opportunities. Extended job searches are becoming a common tale, with individuals increasingly needing to look beyond the tech sector or even the Bay Area to secure new roles. The high cost of living in San Francisco exacerbates the stress, making it difficult for many to maintain their financial well-being whilst searching for work [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

Another aspect of public concern is the integration of AI into the job market, which many see as both the culprit and the key challenge to future job security. As companies adopt AI tools to boost productivity, fewer human workers are necessary, increasing the anxiety among employees about their roles being replaced. This development has not only affected confidence levels but has also changed the dynamics of job competitiveness. People are becoming more inclined to acquire new skills, especially related to AI and machine learning, to stay relevant in a rapidly transforming job market [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

The discussions within the public spheres, including social media platforms and community forums, highlight a pervasive sense of uncertainty about the future. Many individuals express disappointment and disillusionment, feeling that the once-promised thriving tech job market is now a shadow of its former self, leading to a loss of interest in pursuing tech careers in San Francisco. Despite this gloomy outlook, some voices remain optimistic, advocating for harnessing this period of transformation to reskill and adapt to new roles. This sentiment underscores a resilience and adaptability that many hope will help weather the current economic strains [2](https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/1foq9c2/job_losses_pile_up_at_tech_social_media_companies/).

Simultaneously, public activism and calls for political intervention are rising as citizens urge policymakers to better protect workers' rights and facilitate smoother transitions into new job roles. This includes advocating for enhanced unemployment benefits and greater support for workers displaced by technological advancements. With the potential long-term impacts on the regional economy and individual livelihoods, community pressure is mounting to ensure that the benefits of the tech industry can be reconciled with the societal need for equitable employment opportunities [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

Economic Implications for San Francisco

San Francisco's economy, long bolstered by its thriving tech industry, faces significant challenges in what many are calling the "white-collar recession." The city's dependence on technology firms means that the economic repercussions of massive layoffs, pay cuts, and the rise of AI are particularly severe. With the tech sector experiencing widespread disruption, many skilled professionals are finding it difficult to secure employment, exacerbating concerns about the city’s economic resilience. As a result, consumer spending is likely to see a substantial decrease, further impacting businesses that rely on patronage from tech workers (source).

The repercussions of the tech industry's downturn extend beyond immediate job losses. The broader San Francisco economy may experience a domino effect, with reduced demand for services leading to more layoffs in sectors connected to tech. For instance, local restaurants, real estate, and entertainment businesses will likely face decreased patronage as tech budgets tighten and employees either move away or alter spending habits significantly. Furthermore, reduced property tax revenues from high office vacancy rates add additional strain to the city’s budget, compromising public services and infrastructure development (source).

Economically, the integration of AI within San Francisco's tech industry presents both opportunities and challenges. While AI has the potential to drive advances in productivity, its role in decreasing the demand for human labor disrupts traditional employment models, challenging the city's capacity to adapt to these changes. As AI tools become more prevalent, even marketable skills in software engineering are undercut, with smaller teams achieving what once required vast numbers. This shift not only affects job availability but also calls into question the long-term economic strategies that San Francisco must adopt to maintain its position as an innovation hub in an era increasingly dominated by automation (source).

Social and Psychological Impacts on Workers

The "white-collar recession" in the San Francisco tech industry presents profound social and psychological challenges for workers affected by the current economic upheaval. With mass layoffs and pay cuts becoming commonplace, employees are experiencing heightened levels of anxiety and stress as they navigate an increasingly unstable job market. The rise of AI and its role in replacing human labor add to the uncertainty, casting a shadow over career prospects for both current employees and new graduates [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

For those who remain employed, the pressure to maintain productivity amidst cost-cutting measures is leading to deteriorating mental health and job satisfaction. Workers are finding themselves in a competitive atmosphere where the fear of replacement looms large, particularly as companies shift their focus towards automation and smaller, more efficient teams [2](https://techxplore.com/news/2025-03-ai-impact-jobs-tech-touchy.html). This strain is amplified for managers tasked with implementing these changes while simultaneously facing the threat of their positions being eliminated or downgraded [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

The psychological toll of extended job searches and the acceptance of positions that may not align with personal goals or previous experiences is substantial. Many workers are grappling with a sense of identity loss and diminished career satisfaction, affecting their overall well-being and confidence [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). This ongoing stress can lead to long-term mental health issues, including depression and anxiety, as individuals and families face financial and existential uncertainties [8](https://opentools.ai/news/bay-area-tech-layoffs-surge-over-2000-jobs-cut-as-2025-begins).

Ultimately, the social impacts of the white-collar recession stretch beyond individual workers, affecting San Francisco's broader community dynamics. As job displacement becomes more common, there is an increase in workforce mobility, prompting many to relocate in search of better opportunities and affordable living conditions. This migratory trend could disrupt local tech communities and affect the social fabric of San Francisco itself, necessitating the development of support networks and community initiatives to aid those in transition [2](https://www.nucamp.co/blog/coding-bootcamp-san-francisco-ca-getting-a-job-in-tech-in-san-francisco-in-2025-the-complete-guide). The social and psychological ramifications of this recession underscore the critical need for targeted interventions and support systems that can mitigate these challenges and promote resilience among affected workers.

Political Challenges and Policy Responses

The current political landscape in the San Francisco tech industry is heavily influenced by the "white-collar recession," which has not only disrupted the economic fabric but also presented formidable challenges to policymakers. With rising job displacement and anxiety among workers, there is increasing pressure on local and state governments to address employment instability and provide adequate support through policy reforms. San Francisco's policymakers are being called upon to enhance worker protections and tuition for upskilling programs to help the workforce adapt to the evolving demands of the job market. This necessity is reinforced by public demand for more secure employment conditions, potentially fueling unionization efforts among tech employees, who seek better job security and fair labor practices [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

Amidst these challenges, there is growing scrutiny over how tech companies manage layoffs and implement AI-driven labor strategies. The reliance on AI technology, while driving efficiency, has also stirred debates over its role in the current employment crisis. Policymakers may need to impose stricter regulations to balance AI's integration within industries and its socioeconomic consequences, thereby requiring tech firms to adopt responsible automation practices [1](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/). The potential increase in regulatory oversight aims to ensure that automation complements human labor rather than wholly replacing it, a key concern for both the workforce and policymakers alike.

Fiscal challenges also present a significant policy hurdle, as San Francisco faces reduced income from property taxes due to high office vacancy rates compounded by the recession [3](https://www.bondbuyer.com/podcast/bay-area-fiscal-challenges-tech-layoffs-real-estate-woes-and-the-road-to-recovery). This economic strain may exacerbate budget deficits, necessitating difficult decisions about resource allocation and potentially leading to cutbacks in public services. As a result, policymakers must juggle these economic pressures while considering public demands for quality public services and economic stability. This will likely influence future budgetary frameworks to ensure that both immediate and long-term needs are addressed [3](https://www.bondbuyer.com/podcast/bay-area-fiscal-challenges-tech-layoffs-real-estate-woes-and-the-road-to-recovery).

Future Outlook for San Francisco's Tech Sector

The future outlook for San Francisco's tech sector is being closely scrutinized as it grapples with the ongoing "white-collar recession." With mass layoffs and a rise in automation through AI technologies, the once booming job market is now becoming highly competitive, affecting both new graduates and seasoned professionals. Despite a relatively high number of job postings, roles are becoming more elusive and often come with reduced pay or need relocation beyond the Bay Area, a shift that is reshaping job seekers' strategies [News URL](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

AI's increasing role in the industry is a significant factor influencing the future of San Francisco's tech sector. As AI continues to replace traditional roles, especially among mid-level software engineers, companies are reevaluating their hiring processes. Salesforce, among others, has reportedly slowed its hiring of engineers due to AI-driven efficiencies. This trend suggests that the tech sector's growth might not translate into a proportional increase in employment opportunities [News URL](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

Looking ahead, the tech sector is facing a potential paradigm shift not seen since the dot-com bust, where the market is set for growth but with new types of roles and industries taking the lead. This transformation is notably different, emphasizing roles that complement AI technologies or in emerging areas such as AI ethics, oversight, and integration [News URL](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

San Francisco's tech industry must adapt, not only to technological changes but also to socio-economic pressures. As tech companies navigate these changes, there might be a shift towards more flexible working arrangements and roles that emphasize broader skill sets, including adaptability to AI tools. The integration of AI is expected to drive efficiencies but will require employees to upskill continuously to remain competitive [News URL](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

Moreover, the economic implications are profound, with potential declines in consumer spending due to job losses in the tech sector exerting pressure on the local economy. This situation might spark policy changes aimed at supporting displaced workers and encouraging economic diversity beyond the tech-centric workforce [News URL](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).

The future of San Francisco's tech industry will also likely be influenced by socio-political movements that demand more inclusive and equitable labor practices. Unionization and advocacy for higher wages and better working conditions could become more prominent as the workforce seeks greater security amidst economic uncertainty [News URL](https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/01/white-collar-recession-in-san-francisco-tech-industry/).