APUSH Period 5: Ultimate Guide to Period 5 Key Concept 5.3

Summary

The video delves into Period 5, Key Concept 5.3 of AP U.S. History, focusing on the Civil War and Reconstruction era. It begins by examining the early successes of the Confederacy and the subsequent strategic advantages that led to Union victory, including industrial resources and military strategies like the Anaconda Plan. Key battles and events such as Antietam, Gettysburg, and Sherman's March are discussed, emphasizing how these shaped the broader war objectives, including the shift toward abolition with the Emancipation Proclamation. The video also explores the socio-economic impacts of the war, the challenges of mobilizing for battle, and the contentious Reconstruction era, highlighting legislative efforts and setbacks in integrating African-Americans as full citizens.

Highlights

• The early success of the Confederacy during the Civil War due to defensive strategies and skilled military leaders. 🛡️
• Union's industrial and manpower edge, crucial for its ultimate victory, including strategies like the Anaconda Plan. 🚢
• Antietam as a turning point preventing foreign recognition of the Confederacy and leading to the Emancipation Proclamation. 🌟
• Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation in redefining the war's aims and increasing African-American military participation. 👊
• Contentious Reconstruction era efforts and its mixed successes and challenges, including Black Codes and sharecropping. ⚖️

Key Takeaways

• The Confederacy initially had some success due to their strong military leaders and strategic advantages. 🎖️
• Union's superior industrial resources and manpower eventually turned the tide of the war. ⚙️
• Key battles shifted the war's focus from secession to slavery abolition, especially after Antietam. 🗝️
• The Emancipation Proclamation altered the war's purpose and discouraged European support for the Confederacy. 🌍
• Reconstruction faced many challenges, including legislative pushback and societal resistance, highlighted by the introduction of Black Codes and Jim Crow laws. 📜

Overview

Period 5 Key Concept 5.3 in APUSH delves into the intense years of the Civil War and the tumultuous Reconstruction era. In the early stages, the Confederacy had the upper hand with strategic defensive stances and decorated military leaders. However, the Union leveraged its industrial might and manpower to implement strategies like the Anaconda Plan, squeezing the South into submission.

The video highlights key turning points in the war; the Battle of Antietam not only held off foreign intervention but led to the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, fundamentally changing the war's objective from solely preserving the Union to also ending slavery. This proclamation hindered international support for the Confederacy and rallied support for the Union, allowing African-Americans to join the fight.

Reconstruction brought about significant changes but also faced severe challenges. Efforts to integrate freed slaves into society met resistance, seen in the enactment of Black Codes and the rise of Jim Crow laws. Despite the intent of the Reconstruction amendments to secure rights for African-Americans, these initiatives encountered both legislative pushback and societal resistance, which the video explores extensively.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction to Key Concept 5.3 This chapter introduces Key Concept 5.3, focusing on the Civil War and Reconstruction. It underlines the critical reasons for the Union's victory. Despite some early Confederate successes, such as winning the Battle of Bull Run and the Union's defeat in the Peninsula Campaign, the Union eventually prevails. The chapter also highlights the South's advantages in the war, noting that they are fighting defensively.
• 00:30 - 01:00: Southern Advantages and Early Confederate Success The chapter discusses the advantages held by the Confederate States during the early stages of the Civil War. It explains that the Confederacy's primary goal was simply not to lose the war, as they were fighting on familiar territory with the support of the local population. The Southern forces felt a strong sense of purpose, believing they were protecting their way of life, including slavery and state rights, against an overreaching federal government. Additionally, many experienced military officials and notable leaders, such as Robert E. Lee, joined the Confederate cause, contributing to their early successes. However, the text hints at the eventual improvement and organization of the Northern forces.
• 01:00 - 01:30: Northern Industrial Strength and Strategy The chapter discusses the strategic advantages of the Northern states during the Civil War, primarily focusing on their superior industrial resources and manufacturing capacity compared to the South. The North also had a larger pool of manpower, allowing them to field more soldiers in battle. As the war progressed, the North employed military strategies like the Anaconda Plan, which involved a naval blockade aimed at economically strangling the South into submission. Furthermore, effective military leaders began to emerge on the Northern side as the conflict continued.
• 01:30 - 02:30: Key Battles and Emancipation Proclamation The chapter titled 'Key Battles and Emancipation Proclamation' discusses significant figures like William T. Sherman and Ulysses S. Grant, who were key to the Union's victories as the Civil War progressed. In 1862, the Battle of Antietam, despite being a military draw, played a pivotal role in deterring foreign intervention from England and France, who reconsidered supporting the Confederacy. This battle also set the stage for President Lincoln to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
• 02:30 - 04:00: Mobilization for War and Domestic Challenges The chapter discusses significant Civil War battles and their strategic impacts on the war's progression. The Battle of Gettysburg marked a halt to the Confederate invasion of the North in Pennsylvania, while the simultaneous Battle of Vicksburg saw Ulysses S. Grant secure control over the Mississippi River for the Union. The narrative also highlights Sherman's March to the Sea and the capture of Atlanta in 1864, led by William T. Sherman, which involved a strategy of calculated destruction.
• 04:00 - 05:30: Political Opposition and Lincoln's Leadership The chapter explores the concept of Total War adopted by the Union during the Civil War, aiming to destroy the South's environment and infrastructure to force surrender.
• 05:30 - 06:30: Emancipation and African American Soldiers The chapter discusses the introduction of conscription laws by both the Union and the Confederacy during the Civil War. It highlights the inequalities within these laws, as they favored the wealthy in both the North and the South. In the North, wealthy individuals could pay $300 for a substitute to fight in their place. In the South, the '20 Negro law' exempted those owning more than 20 slaves from military service, reflecting the inequities in the conscription system.
• 06:30 - 11:00: Congressional vs. Presidential Reconstruction The chapter discusses the notion of the Civil War being termed as a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," highlighting the draft riots, particularly in July 1863 in New York where mostly Irish Americans targeted wealthier individuals and African-Americans. The chapter also covers how the Northern states mobilized their economy and society for war through legislative measures, such as passing tariffs, the National Bank Act, the Homestead Act, and the Emancipation Proclamation, all aimed at raising funds for the war efforts.
• 11:00 - 14:30: Reconstruction Amendments and Their Impact This chapter explores the challenges faced by Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, particularly focusing on the domestic opposition. Jefferson Davis struggled with resource shortages and the Southern states' adherence to states' rights, which hampered the Confederacy's war efforts. Additionally, soldiers' refusal to fight outside their states further weakened their position. Meanwhile, Northern society also experienced strife, exemplified by draft riots indicating widespread war opposition.
• 14:30 - 15:30: Women's Rights Movement and Reconstruction The chapter discusses the dynamics of the Women's Rights Movement during the Reconstruction era and their intersection with political decisions made during the Civil War. It highlights Lincoln's strategic actions, such as suspending the writ of habeas corpus, to maintain union support in border states. Furthermore, it touches upon the political atmosphere in the North as Lincoln prepared for his reelection campaign in 1864.
• 15:30 - 16:00: Conclusion and Further Resources This chapter discusses the political pressures faced by President Lincoln from Radical Republicans, War Democrats, Peace Democrats, and Copperheads, each pushing their own agendas. A key focus is on the Emancipation Proclamation, which Lincoln decided to announce following the Battle of Antietam, highlighting its significance in changing the purpose of the Civil War and its consequential impacts.

APUSH Period 5: Ultimate Guide to Period 5 Key Concept 5.3 Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 what up APUSH people today we're going to take a look at period 5 key concept 5.3 and this is really the Civil War and reconstruction and an important thing to keep in mind is the reasons the union wins the war because in the beginning the Confederacy has some early success they win the Battle of Bull Run which proves the war is not going to be over in 90 days the Peninsula Campaign is a defeat for the union and there's some advantages the South has going into this war they're fighting a defensive War all
• 00:30 - 01:00 they have to do is not lose they're fighting amongst a friendly population they have a sense of purpose they're fighting for their southern way of life as they see it defending slavery defending state rights against what they feel is an abusive federal government they also have many of the veteran military officials many of the BigTime military leaders like Robert El Le join the Confederacy When The War begins but the north slowly gets it together there
• 01:00 - 01:30 um and largely it's going to be their greater industrial resources they have the manufacturing capacity that the South does not they have more manpower which means more soldiers to fight in the uh battles as the war drags on they're going to use the Navy to implement military strategies such as the Anaconda Plan with a blockade and eventually trying to strangle the South into submission and as the war goes on military leaders are going to emerge in
• 01:30 - 02:00 the union like William tumpa Sherman and Ulisses srant and you're going to have some key victories as the war drags on 1862 you have antium uh and it's really a military draw but it prevents foreign intervention on the side of the Confederacy England and France because the South doesn't win that battle kind of rethink this idea of giving them uh recognition or help and it also leads to Lincoln announcing the Emancipation
• 02:00 - 02:30 Proclamation Gettysburg is another one you should keep uh in mind it stops the Confederate attack on Union soil in Pennsylvania and right uh at the same time is the Battle of Vicksburg where ulyses us Grant wins control of the Mississippi River for the union um and Sherman's March to the Sea and the fall of Atlanta in 1864 uh William tumer Sherman leads a March of deliberate destruction
• 02:30 - 03:00 throughout the South and this is part of the union strategy of Total War you destroy the southern environment and its infrastructure and eventually they will surrender and a big thing to keep in mind is after antium the war is changed to one not just about stopping secession but also stopping slavery and that gives the union an advantage uh military as well as ideologically both sides both the union and the Confederacy are going to Mo mobilize their economies and societies
• 03:00 - 03:30 for war um both the union and the Confederacy are going to adopt conscription laws draft laws as men are needed for the fighting and these in both the North and the South were unfair to the poor in the north there was these $300 men where you could hire substitutes to do the fighting for you and in the South you have the so-called 20 negro law where if you own more than 20 slaves you were exempt from having to fight as a result of this un fairness a
• 03:30 - 04:00 rich man's uh War but a poor man's fight was was the same you have draft riots the most famous ones being in July of 1863 um in New York mobs of mostly Irish Americans attacked the wealthy and African-Americans another way that the north is mobilizing their economy and the society for war is by a series of laws you get a tariff law passed National Bank act the Homestead Act and of course the Emancipation Proclamation all of these are intended to raise money
• 04:00 - 04:30 and to address the needs of Northern Society to fight the war opposition doesn't just stop at the draft riots um both Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln faced opposition on the home front Jefferson Davis had a very difficult time um lack of resources throughout the Confederacy but also the state rights tradition in the South hindered the confederacy's ability to fight the war you have soldiers from different states refus refusing to leave their state to
• 04:30 - 05:00 fight for the Confederacy um Lincoln has a number of things challenges on the home front he does suspend the RIT of habius Corpus in Maryland and other executive actions stopping newspapers that were critical of the Union um and this was something he did largely in order to keep the border states in the union and in the North Lincoln once again is having to run for reelection in 1864 you should be aware of politics in the North you have
• 05:00 - 05:30 Radical Republicans War Democrats peace Democrats and copperheads all trying to put pressure on Lincoln to do things as they see uh they should be done a big thing you need to keep in mind for 5.3 is the Emancipation Proclamation as we said it is announced following the Battle of antium Lincoln decides to move forward with announcing the Emancipation this is going to change the purpose of the war and the impact there's a huge number of things you
• 05:30 - 06:00 should keep in mind one it strengthens the moral cause of the north it's not just a war against secession it's also against slavery it helps keep Europe from giving full diplomatic support for the Confederacy it gives the union new African-American soldiers for the Union Army in fact people like Frederick Douglas saw enlistment in the Union Army as an opportunity for African-Americans to prove their citizenship Remember The Dread Scott case had said know black
• 06:00 - 06:30 people are citizens of the United States for Douglas and others this was a way for African-Americans to fight not only for their freedom but their citizenship there are some limits to the Emancipation Proclamation keep in mind the North had no Authority in the Confederacy and it does not apply to the border states another kind of big idea in key concept 5.3 is this division between Congressional reconstruction and Presidential Reconstruction under Johnson um both radical and moderate
• 06:30 - 07:00 Republicans take over reconstruction policy from President Johnson there's this anger when he begins to veto laws from Congress such as the extension of the Freeman's Bureau and the Civil Rights bill of 1866 and as a result there is going to be a change in the balance of power between Congress and the presidency Congress is going to override President Johnson's vetos and pass both of those laws and as a result they're also going
• 07:00 - 07:30 to begin their own phase of reconstruction best symbolized by the Reconstruction Act of 1867 this divides the South into five military districts controlled by Union Generals this is radical reconstruction you could see the five different districts on the map above and Congress will determine readmission requirements and The Johnson Plan and the Lincoln governments are invalidated and the new criteria for admission Miss is you need
• 07:30 - 08:00 to create a new state constitution you need to include black suffrage in that Constitution and the states must ratify the 13th and 14th Amendment and President Johnson finds himself during this kind of shift in the balance of power facing the first instance of a president being impeached the tenure of office Act was passed and it basically said the Senate must approve any presidential dismissal of a cabinet official or general President Johnson uh
• 08:00 - 08:30 famously removed the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton who was left over from the days of Lincoln and the House of Representatives immediately votes to impeach President Johnson he is put on trial but he is not convicted because Congress is one vote short of the 2/3 required nonetheless radical reconstruction is in full form and you do have some successes under radical reconstruction the union is reunited it
• 08:30 - 09:00 slowly under these new requirements of admission and there are some short-term successes it opens up political opportunities to former slaves and there's a temporary rearrangement of the relationship between white and black people in the South most famously for instance herum Revels is elected senator of Mississippi in 1870 to the seat that Jefferson Davis used to hold and in that image you see other African-American congressmen voted into office during this radical reconstruction phase a key
• 09:00 - 09:30 idea though you need to keep in mind is the 13th Amendment did abolish slavery bringing about the war's most dramatic social and economic change but the exploitative and soil intensive sharecropping system endured for several Generations translation Black Codes were put in place which had the purpose uh was to guarantee a stable labor Supply now that blacks were emancipated
• 09:30 - 10:00 and Southerners were really hoping in spite of the 13th Amendment to restore pre-emancipation system of race relations and some examples of the way they were able to do this is Black Codes made it illegal for African-Americans to rent or borrow money to buy land African-Americans were forced to sign labor contracts if you did not have one you could be arrested for vagrancy and there was a penalty for leaving fouryear contract expired some
• 10:00 - 10:30 of the other things that were a part of these Black Codes is African-Americans could not serve on a jury or vote and as a result many African-Americans were forced to become sharecroppers which allowed them to use the land in exchange for giving a percent of the crop to the owner of the land so they were bound to the land working it um once again reconstruction does have some short-term success but it is going to fall apart if you look at these maps of the elections
• 10:30 - 11:00 there was some reconstruction governments the Republican party was having some success however it falls apart for a couple of reasons one determine Southern resistance the Klux Clan is going to establish um is going to be established to secure white supremacy and to resist the Reconstruction government you have the so-called Redeemer governments which sought to remove Republican um reconstruction governments that were made up of a coalition freed men Carpet
• 11:00 - 11:30 Baggers and Scallywags in the South the redeemers were trying to get those individuals out of the South and very often they use violence as you can see in the image right there there's also North the North's waning resolve meaning Northerners were becoming less and less interested in using the power of the government to maintain reconstruction in fact the Civil Rights Act of 1875 which guaranteed equal access to public places
• 11:30 - 12:00 was rarely enforced and eventually overturned by the Supreme Court in 1883 and in the 1870s both Congress and President Grant would be unwilling to use the federal government's power to monitor Southern Society um some events to keep in mind is the Panic of 1873 the nation increasingly became more worried about economic uh issues and the election of 1876 which was disputed leads to the compromise of 1877 which
• 12:00 - 12:30 ultimately marks the end of reconstruction so those short-term successes do Fade Away we do have the Reconstruction amendments you should be aware of the 13th abolished slavery we saw there were limits to that the 14th guaranteed citizenship and protection of rights of citizens with equal protection of the laws and due process and then finally of course the 15th which guaranteed black male suffrage and important to keep in mind though
• 12:30 - 13:00 although citizenship equal protection of the laws and voting rights were granted to African-Americans in the 14th and 15th amendments rights were restricted you're going to see segregation Jim Crow laws take place in the 1870s and 1880s local political tactics were used such as literacy test pole taxes and grandfather clauses to disenfranchise African-American voters violence was used if that didn't work violence was used to scare and to suppress voters and
• 13:00 - 13:30 rights amongst African-Americans in the South and Supreme Court decisions started to overturned uh reconstruction laws py versus Ferguson in 1896 segregation was ruled constitutional as long as it was separate but equal and as already mentioned the civil rights cases of 1883 discrimination was allowed if done by individuals or private businesses the court declared and this case or these cases
• 13:30 - 14:00 rather ruled the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional it is important though to keep in mind the Reconstruction amendments established judicial principles that were stalled for many decades but eventually would become the basis for Court decisions upholding rights and the most famous example of this is the 14th amendment's equal protection Clause would serve as the basis for the Brown versus Board of Education decision in 195 5 4 a decision
• 14:00 - 14:30 that would overturn racial segregation uh particularly the py versus Ferguson case and it's really important you keep in mind how these reconstruction amendments would be used in the 1950s and 1960s by the Civil Rights Movement to broaden rights to new groups of people and one last thing there also was a division amongst the women's rights movement uh leaders such as Susan banthony and Elizabeth caty St opposed black male suffrage and the 15th
• 14:30 - 15:00 Amendment when it became clear that it was only going to be for males so there's a split within the women's rights movement about whether or not to support the 15th Amendment you should be aware about I highly suggest that you check out these two videos for way more details about the Civil War and reconstruction but that gives you a broad overview of the key things you need to know for key concept 5.3 hope you learned some stuff if you haven't done so subscribe to to the channel tell some friends click like on the video and
• 15:00 - 15:30 if you have any questions post a comment I'll get back to you right away peace