APUSH Period 7 Speed Review

Summary

Period 7 of the AP United States History (APUSH) curriculum spans from 1890 to 1945, covering critical transformations in America's political, social, and economic landscape. It begins with the closing of the American frontier and the nation's turn towards imperialism, marked by events like the Hawaiian coup and the Spanish-American War. This era also witnesses the Progressive Era reforms aimed at tackling corruption, supporting economic and political reform, and expanding civil liberties. The tumultuous times of the Great Depression and the subsequent New Deal showcased government's growing role in solving economic woes. As World War I and II bookend this period, their impacts on domestic and international fronts, as well as the rise of the U.S. as a global power, are explored. From the cultural shifts of the Roaring Twenties to the strategic and scientific advances through wartime efforts, this period forms a cornerstone of modern American history.

Highlights

• Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis argued the frontier was key to American identity, pushing the nation towards new markets. 📜🌄
• Imperialism marked by events like the annexation of Hawaii and the Spanish-American War expanded American influence. 🏝️⚔️
• Progressive lawmakers focused on dismantling corruption, trust-busting, and expanding civil rights. 💡⚖️
• The Roaring Twenties were a wild time of cultural change, innovation, and a hefty credit bubble. 🎉💳
• World War I and II saw the US flexing military and industrial might internationally. 💪🔫

Key Takeaways

• Period 7 is all about transformation: politically, socially, and economically! 🏛️🌏
• From the end of the frontier to imperialism, America was on the move globally. 🌎🔀
• Progressive reforms changed the game in business and politics. 💼🎯
• Two World Wars set the stage for America's emergence as a global power. 🚀🌍
• The Great Depression tested American resilience while the New Deal redefined government intervention. 📉📈

Overview

Period 7, in the APUSH timeline, ignites with the pivotal closing of the American West. As the frontier era ends, Frederick Jackson Turner's thesis suggests it shaped the American character by pushing for new boundaries and avenues, leading eventually to imperialism as the nation turned its gaze overseas. This time also sees reforms in response to rapid industrialization, with the Progressive Era bringing about massive changes to curb the influence of monopolies and enhance social justice.

As America navigates through the turbulent waters of the early 20th century, the nation is hit by the Great Depression—triggered by unregulated credits and stock market speculation, it plunges the nation into economic despair. President Hoover's initial hesitation eventually gives way to Roosevelt's New Deal, a series of bold government interventions aimed at reviving the U.S. economy through increased public projects and financial reforms.

Finally, World War I and II bookend this dynamic period, thrusting the U.S. into the center stage of global geopolitics. From declaring neutrality to becoming a powerhouse supplier for the Allies, these wars stimulate industrial growth and innovation. The era concludes with significant social shifts as the Roaring Twenties and WWII challenge traditional roles, catalyzing movements that redefine civil rights and create a more interconnected world landscape.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction to Period 7 The chapter begins with instructions for students to print and use a free speed review sheet to prepare for Period 7, including an emphasis on identifying and focusing on unfamiliar or challenging topics.
• 00:30 - 01:30: American Imperialism and Spanish-American War With the closure of the American Western Frontier, the United States began pursuing imperialism for raw materials and new markets. The Hawaiian coup illustrates American imperialism as Americans in Hawaii, benefiting from the sugar trade, aided in overthrowing the Hawaiian Monarch, allowing the U.S. to annex Hawaii. Beyond the economic advantages, Hawaii offered a strategic location in the Pacific, serving as a bridge to Asian markets. Key figures in American imperialism included Alfred Mahan and Jose Jiah Strong.
• 01:30 - 03:30: Progressive Era and Reforms During the Progressive Era, American global influence expanded significantly through increased naval power and imperialist policies. A notable naval officer emphasized the importance of a strong navy for America's global expansion, reflecting a broader imperialist sentiment. Concurrently, there was a cultural and religious impetus to spread American values globally. This era saw America engage in the Spanish-American War, marking a shift in foreign policy driven by a mix of political, cultural, and sensationalist media influences. American support for Cuban independence was intensified by yellow journalism, exemplified by figures like William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. These journalists fueled public outcry and anti-Spanish sentiment, further exacerbated by the leak of a letter from a Spanish diplomat that insulted the American President, contributing to the tensions leading to war.
• 03:30 - 05:00: World War I and Aftermath The chapter discusses significant historical events and foreign policies in the aftermath of the Spanish-American War. It begins with the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, a pivotal event that led Congress to declare war on Spain due to heightened tensions fueled by the press's portrayal of the incident as an act of Spanish aggression. The war culminated in American victory, with the Treaty of Paris granting the U.S. control over Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico, alongside purchasing the Philippines. Despite the short duration of the Spanish-American conflict, the subsequent Philippine-American War extended over several years. The chapter also emphasizes key foreign policies of the era, particularly John Hay's Open Door Policy, which aimed at securing American trading interests in China by promoting equal opportunities for international markets.
• 05:00 - 08:30: Roaring 20s and Great Depression The chapter discusses the foreign policy approaches of various U.S. Presidents during the early 20th century. Specifically, it covers Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which asserted the United States' right to intervene in Latin American affairs to protect its economic interests and ensure regional stability. President Taft continued this approach with Dollar Diplomacy, focusing on securing order through economic investments. Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy aimed to support governments that prioritized democracy and free trade. The chapter also touches on the socio-economic changes in America at the turn of the century.
• 08:30 - 11:30: World War II The chapter discusses the Progressive Era, a period of political reform where journalists known as muckrakers exposed corruption through investigative journalism. Key figures include Lincoln Steffens, who exposed political corruption, and Ida Tarbell, who wrote about John D. Rockefeller's business tactics in building Standard Oil. Upton Sinclair's landmark work 'The Jungle' revealed the meatpacking industry's conditions, leading to significant legislation like the Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. Theodore Roosevelt's presidency, characterized by reform efforts, targeted 'bad trusts' and monopolies and introduced the Square Deal to enhance consumer protections and improve regulation.
• 11:30 - 12:30: Conclusion and Exam Preparation Tips The chapter 'Conclusion and Exam Preparation Tips' summarizes key historical reforms and legislative changes in the United States. It covers economic reforms such as the Clayton Antitrust Act, which strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act to limit monopolies. The chapter also discusses President Wilson's signing of the 16th Amendment, introducing federal income tax, and the creation of the Federal Reserve. Political reforms included voting practice improvements like the 17th Amendment for direct senatorial elections and the introduction of initiative, referendum, recall, and the secret ballot. Women's roles in these reforms are highlighted, particularly in temperance movements like those led by Carry Nation.

APUSH Period 7 Speed Review Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 hey push students let's cover everything you need for period [Music] 7 before we start print out the free speed review sheet that goes along with this video the link is in the description below go ahead and look at period 7 Circle any people events or vocab things that you don't quite remember that you know you need to focus on when you study once you've mastered those topics you can check them off and move on to the next one all right here we go Frederick Jackson Turner published his Frontier Thesis after the 1890 census where he declared that the American frontier was closed he also argued that the American identity was
• 00:30 - 01:00 based on conquering these Western lands now that there was no more Frontier in the Continental us Americans began to look outwards for raw materials and new markets one of the first acts of American imperialism was the Hawaiian coup Americans living in Hawaii were capitalizing off of the sugar trade so they helped to overthrow the Hawaiian Monarch so the US can Annex Hawaii in addition to the lucrative sugar trade Hawaii was also a strategic location in the Pacific giving America's stepping Zone to Asian markets two important imperialists that you want to know are Alfred Mahan and Jose jiah strong Mahan
• 01:00 - 01:30 an American naval officer argued that a strong Navy was critical for America's growth and power while strong was a minister who believed it was the duty of Americans to spread their culture and religion throughout the world imperialist ideals also led to the US involvement in the Spanish American War which demonstrated a significant change in American foreign policy some Americans felt compelled to support Cuba in their independence from Spain these feelings were heightened by yellow journalists like William Randolph Hurst and Joseph Pitzer tensions escalated when reporters published a delone letter where a Spanish Diplomat criticized and
• 01:30 - 02:00 insulted President McKinley a week later the USS main sunk in Havana's Harbor the Press published this as the work of Spanish mindes leading Congress to declare war the war ended with an American victory the Treaty of Paris granted America Cuba Guam in Puerto Rico America also purchased the Philippines and although the conflict with Spain lasted just a few months the Philippine American war carried on for years there are several significant foreign policies you definitely want to know for period 7even first is John Hayes open door policy which gave America access to foreign markets in China while also
• 02:00 - 02:30 keeping it out of European control next was the Roosevelt cor which was an expansion of the Monro Doctrine theer Roosevelt argued that the US had a right to intervene in Latin American Affairs to protect their economic interests and maintain stability in the region president ta supported Dollar Diplomacy which sought to secure order in Latin America through economic means like investment in loans and wood Wilson implemented moral diplomacy which meant the US would try to support governments who emphasize democracy and free trade at the turn of the century America experienced a period of social economic
• 02:30 - 03:00 and political reform known as the Progressive Era journalists called muck Breakers use expose journalism to fight corruption for example Lincoln stepin wrote The Shame of the Cities to expose political corruption and Ida Tarbell wrote about Johnny rockefeller's ruthless tactics while he was growing his Standard Oil Company the most famous was up in St Clair's The Jungle which exposed the horrors of the meat packing industry and led to the establishment of the Food and Drug Act as well as the Meat Inspection Act Teddy rosi's presidency was focused on reform he sought to break up bad trust and monopolies and his Square Deal focused on consumer protections controlling
• 03:00 - 03:30 corporations and conservation economic reforms included the Clayton Antitrust Act this strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act and limited the power of monopolies and President Wilson signed the 16th Amendment which instituted the federal income tax and he created the Federal Reserve political reform focused on voting practices the 17th amendment allowed for the direct election of senators Americans also saw the introduction of initiative referendum recall and the secret ballot just like they had in other periods women played a major role in bringing about reforms carry Nation for temperance which led to
• 03:30 - 04:00 the 18th Amendment Alice Paul in groups like the national American women's suffrage association contributed to the passage of the 19th Amendment which finally allowed women the right to vote after World War I in 1914 the Great War broke out in Europe but President Wilson was determined to stay isolated and declared neutrality however the American economy benefited significantly selling supplies especially to the Allied Powers despite Wilson winning re-election in 1916 with the slogan he kept us out of War America ultimately joined the war in 1917 after Germany continued using
• 04:00 - 04:30 unrestricted submarine warfare on American Merchant vessels Americans also felt threatened after the Zimmerman Telegram was released in the Press while young men were drafted or volunteered with the American expeditionary forces women and minorities stepped up at home to keep the country running by filling jobs in factories or on the farms and just like in previous Wars American Liberties were restricted during World War I Congress passed the Espionage and the Sedition Act towards the end of the conflict Wilson crafted his 14 points in hopes of preventing another Global crisis however most of the points were ignored in the Treaty of versailes
• 04:30 - 05:00 because Britain and France wanted to punish Germany by forcing them to sign the war guilt clause and pay heavy reparations the only one of Wilson's 14 points that was incorporated was the League of Nations and international peacekeeping body this made the treaty ratification process difficult for the Senate reservationists like Henry cabat Lodge disagreed with article X of the treaty which required countries to join the League of Nations they fear that this would drag America into another global conflict instead they favored a return to isolationism at the turn of the century we also saw a renewed push for african- American Civil Rights in
• 05:00 - 05:30 1909 prominent leaders like web de booys idb Wells and Thug Marshall formed the NAACP to fight for equality Justice and rights they also sought to tackle disenfranchisement in the South Marcus Garvey on the other hand supported black nationalism economic self-sufficiency and back to Africa movement around the same time millions of African-Americans left the oppressive Jim Crow South in search of jobs and freedoms in the north this became known as The Great Migration and after World War I the growing number of African-Americans in Northern cities like Harlem led to the Harem Renaissance
• 05:30 - 06:00 artists like Langston Hughes shared the oppression of the African-Americans through poetry while musicians like Louis Armstrong ushered in the Jazz Age later leaders like a Philip Rand helped fight for equality and Employment Practices he threatened to March on Washington DC to protest discrimination and defense industry jobs as America mobilized for World War II this forced SDR to create the Fair Employment Practices committee and inspired future civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr and during World War II African-Americans made significant contributions both serving in the war and working in Industries at home this
• 06:00 - 06:30 led to the double V campaign which fought for victory abroad over fascism and victory at home for equality after World War I America entered a period known as the raring 20s it was characterized by rapid economic growth and a culture of consumerism Americans were eager to buy Goods that were scarce during World War I as well as new appliances and the radio but America also entered into a Red Scare following the Russian Revolution Americans were afraid of Communists coming into the country which increased nativism this led to the quota acts which severely limited immigration espe especially from Southern and Eastern Europe prohibition
• 06:30 - 07:00 dominated the 1920s But ultimately it was a failed social experiment that led to the rise of organized crime the most famous crime ring was Chicago's alcapone American women celebrated their contributions to World War I and the passage of the 19th Amendment some adopted the Flopper Style by cutting their hair wearing short skirts and smoking and drinking in public however many also held on to the traditional Victorian values and finally in 1925 John T Scopes was arrested for teaching evolution in a Tennessee Public School the Scopes Monkey Trial was a media spectacle and it represented the ongoing
• 07:00 - 07:30 debate between modern values and fundamentalist ideas this was a theme that had dominated the decade much of the economic growth of the 1920s was through expansion of consumer credit and unregulated banking practices while consumers Ed credit cards to buy cars or washing machines investors bought stock on margin both factories and Farms contributed to over production causing prices to drop all of this played a role in the stock market crash known as Black Tuesday the official start of the Great Depression and this coincided with the Dust Bowl which forced Farmers to migrate in of work President Hoover
• 07:30 - 08:00 continued the lair policies of previous presidents because he thought the economic crisis would fix itself however after unemployment reached 25% and homelessness continued to rise he realized he needed to take action despite creating the Reconstruction Finance corpse to provide loans and create jobs it was too late Franklin D Roosevelt beat Hoover in a landside election in 1932 FDR ran on his new deal platform where he promised to provide relief reform and recovery for the American people upon taking office he instituted the Fireside Chats where he used the radio to connect with the
• 08:00 - 08:30 American public and help rebuild confidence in the government after announcing his bank holiday FDR's first New Deal passed creating the agricultural adjustment act and the Federal Emergency Relief act all within the first 100 days his second New Deal followed which included further reforms like the Social Security Act despite creating millions of jobs and instituting significant economic reform many criticized FDR and his new deal while huie long argued that the New Deal did not do enough to help the poor in working class Business Leaders argued that the New Deal bordered on socialism he was also criticized for trying to
• 08:30 - 09:00 pack the Supreme Court in an effort to protect his legislation after several of his New Deal programs were declared unconstitutional but ultimately the Great Depression didn't end until World War II as tensions mounted in Europe with the rise of fascism America passed a series of Neutrality Acts but gradually got more involved with the Allied cause in 1939 FDR approved the cash and carry program which was followed by the Lend Lease Act in 1941 The Selective Service Act was also passed which was America's first peacetime draft ultimately the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on on December 7th 1941 forced America to join the war
• 09:00 - 09:30 this caused an increase in anti-japanese sentiments Executive Order 9066 forced Japanese Americans living on the west coast into internment camps for the duration of the war This was later upheld by the Supreme Court in the koram Matsu case once America entered the war many American minority groups supported the effort over 1 million African-Americans served in World War II but all branches of the Armed Forces remained segregated the Tusk Airmen served as the first African-American pilots in the armed forces about 45,000
• 09:30 - 10:00 Native Americans also enlisted in the war both men and women the Navajo code talkers in the Pacific and the comman in Europe played a vital role in the American war effort and for the first time women were allowed to enlist in the military in groups like The Women's Army Corp they served in a variety of non-combat positions like nurses telephone operators truck drivers and mechanics but on the home front once again women filled the positions of the men who had left from the war as seen with Rosie the Riveter during the war American troops helped the Allied Forces defeat Hitler in Europe with leaders like Dwight D Eisenhower who helped lead the D-Day campaign at the same time the
• 10:00 - 10:30 island hopping campaign was used in the Pacific to fight the Japanese at home the office of scientific research and development also worked on the top secret Manhattan Project developing a new technology the atomic bomb even though Germany surrendered in May of 1945 Japanese forces continued to fight President Truman who took over after FDR's death would accept nothing but unconditional surrender from Japan he approved the use of the atomic bomb after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan finally surrendered in the fall of 1945 officially ending World War II so what does this look like on
• 10:30 - 11:00 exam day for causation you will probably be asked about the causes of imperialism the causes of the Great Depression or the effects of the new deal for comparison you could be asked about similarities and differences on the home front between the first and second world wars or you could be asked about the difference in the fundamental values versus modernism in the 1920s and for continuity and change they'll likely ask about changes in foreign policy so be ready to talk about the inner War period you could also be asked about changes during the Progressive Era so be ready to write about the progressive amendments and economic reforms like the
• 11:00 - 11:30 Federal Reserve check out the aush ultimate review packet for more help we've got timeline study guides and Essay practice follow the link in the description below for a free preview and if you think this video was helpful like And subscribe thanks for [Music] watching