Endocrine system vs Nervous system

Summary

In this video, Dr. Matt & Dr. Mike explain the differences and similarities between the endocrine and nervous systems as crucial communication methods in the body. They explore how each system uses different chemical messengers: neurotransmitters for the nervous system, which are released by neurons, and hormones for the endocrine system, released by glands. While the nervous system offers direct, rapid communication to specific targets, the endocrine system's communication is slower, widespread, and prolonged. The video highlights the varying speeds, targets, and duration of effects that these systems have within the body, detailing local and systemic responses to stimuli.

Highlights

• Nervous system is faster, with responses in milliseconds. ⚡️
• Endocrine system is slower, taking seconds to minutes to act. ⏳
• Neurons target specific muscles, glands, or tissues for quick action. 🎯
• Hormones affect any cell in the body with the right receptors. 📡
• Endocrine effects can last from minutes to weeks, even after the stimulus ends. 📅

Key Takeaways

• The nervous system uses neurons releasing neurotransmitters for rapid, specific communication. ⚡️
• Endocrine system utilizes glands releasing hormones for slower, widespread communication. 🌐
• Neurons enable quick responses, while the endocrine system induces prolonged effects. 🕒
• Nervous response is localized and short-lived; endocrine response is widespread and enduring. 🌍
• Hormones in the endocrine system can have autocryne, paracrine, or endocrine impacts. 🔄

Overview

The video kicks off with an overview of how the nervous and endocrine systems serve as communication highways within our bodies. While the nervous system uses quick, electric-chemical signals via neurons to hit precise targets like muscles or other neurons, the endocrine system broadcasts hormonal messages through the bloodstream, making it a bit slower yet reaching far more destinations.

Delving deeper, Dr. Matt & Dr. Mike demonstrate that while neurons deliver neurotransmitters directly and rapidly, these effects are short-lived. On the other hand, hormones from glands linger longer before they're eventually broken down, allowing them to maintain their effects much longer than neurotransmitters. This is why endocrine responses can persist well beyond the initial stimulus.

Finally, understanding the spatial reach of these systems is key. Nervous signals are localized by design, a bespoke message to initiate a swift action. Meanwhile, hormones can travel anywhere in the body and either act on the secreting cells themselves, nearby cells, or distant targets, making endocrine signaling versatile and expansive. Both systems demonstrate the body's remarkable communication balance through specificity and breadth.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction In the 'Introduction' chapter, Dr. Mikey begins by comparing and contrasting the endocrine system with the nervous system. Both systems are highlighted as essential means of communication within the body. The chapter sets the stage for a detailed exploration of the features of each system, focusing on their methods of communication among other characteristics.
• 00:30 - 01:00: Nervous System Communication This chapter covers the basics of how the nervous system communicates. It explains that the system uses nerves or neurons, which release neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are chemicals that facilitate communication via neurons and nerves. The chapter contrasts the nervous system with the endocrine system, where glands or cells release hormones instead of neurotransmitters. These hormones can be either water or fat-soluble, a topic which will be explored further in another video. The author illustrates the process by describing a neuron releasing neurotransmitters to its target.
• 01:00 - 01:30: Endocrine System Communication The chapter on 'Endocrine System Communication' explains the targets of the nervous and endocrine systems. While the nervous system targets other neurons, muscles, or glands, the endocrine system can target any cell in the body that has a receptor for a specific hormone. The endocrine system functions through cells or glands releasing hormones into the bloodstream, allowing them to travel throughout the entire body.
• 01:30 - 02:00: Targets of Communication The chapter compares the speed and mechanisms of the nervous system and the endocrine system in communication within the body. It highlights that the nervous system is much faster because it sends direct electrical signals that convert to chemical signals via neurons, whereas the endocrine system relies solely on slower-moving chemical signals throughout the body. The speed of the nervous system is in the range of milliseconds to seconds, contrasting with the slower pace of the endocrine system, which operates over seconds.
• 02:00 - 02:30: Speed of Communication This chapter explores the speed and specificity of communication within the nervous and endocrine systems. It describes how the nervous system uses a direct 'highway' method for targeting specific muscles or glands, leading to localized effects. In contrast, the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream, resulting in widespread and dispersed effects throughout the body.
• 02:30 - 03:00: Range of Effect The chapter "Range of Effect" discusses the duration of response in tissues when stimulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. It contrasts how the nervous system utilizes neurotransmitters, which are quickly recycled and reused in milliseconds, versus the more prolonged action of hormones in the endocrine system.
• 03:00 - 03:30: Duration of Response The chapter titled 'Duration of Response' discusses how chemicals released by the endocrine system into the bloodstream affect the body over varying durations. These chemicals are released into the interstitial area and take longer to be recycled compared to other systems. The effects of these hormones can last from minutes to weeks, and in some cases, even after the initial trigger has ceased. It also explains how cells or glands release hormones into the bloodstream to produce these prolonged effects.
• 03:30 - 04:00: Endocrine Response Types In this chapter, the basic concepts of the endocrine response types are explained. These include the autocrine response, where a hormone acts on the same cells that produce it; the paracrine response, where the hormone acts on nearby cells; and the endocrine response, where the hormone acts on distant cells throughout the body. The chapter also discusses the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Endocrine system vs Nervous system Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 [Music] hi everybody dr. Mikey in this video we're going to compare and contrast the endocrine system with the nervous system why both are means of communication within the body now let's have a look at a table I've drawn up first thing we're going to look at some features of both the nervous system and endocrine system and see what's similar and what's different if we look at the method of communication that each user's the
• 00:30 - 01:00 nervous system uses nerves or neurons and these nerves or neurons are releasing neurotransmitters okay now gyro transmitters are just chemicals that are released by neurons and nerves if we look at the endocrine system instead of a being neurons or nerves it's actually glands or cells and the chemical they release are hormones and these chemicals can be water soluble or fat soluble and I'll talk about those in a future video now if you have a look what I've got here is a neuron releasing its neurotransmitters to its target now
• 01:00 - 01:30 what is the target for the nervous system the target can be other neurons it can be muscles to tell them to contract or inhibit the contraction or glands now when it comes to the endocrine system its target is actually any cell in the body that has a receptor for that hormone so what that means is as you can see here for the endocrine system cells or glands and this is what the endocrine system does in our cells or glands that release chemicals termed hormones into the bloodstream for distribution around the entire body so
• 01:30 - 02:00 that means when we look at the nervous system compared to the endocrine system which one do you think's faster well the nervous systems faster because it's direct it sends an electrical signal down an axon of a neuron which then turns into a chemical signal but for the endocrine system it's always a chemical signal and it's a slow signal moving through the body in actual fact the nervous system being rapid is milliseconds to seconds the endocrine system is a lot slower seconds to
• 02:00 - 02:30 minutes it takes for it to have its effect if we have a look at the range of effect what you'll find is the nervous system is very specific and localized because that neuron nerve is basically a direct highway to something specific to a specific muscle or gland or some sort of tissue okay now with the endocrine system because that's releasing hormones into the bloodstream the bloodstream goes everywhere in the body it's widely dispersed it's widespread okay now when it comes to the duration
• 02:30 - 03:00 of response how long will the tissue respond to the stimulus with the nervous system being the neurotransmitter with the endocrine system being the hormone well when it comes to the nervous system it's very short term milliseconds what you'll find is when the new when the neuron releases its neurotransmitter in the synapse there's going to be enzymes there that recycle and reuse those neurotransmitters and pull them back into that neuron that just released them okay that happens very very quickly milliseconds when you look at the endocrine system what you'll find is
• 03:00 - 03:30 that the bloodstream will slowly release these chemicals into the area outside of the bloodstream called the interstitial and it takes a lot longer for these chemicals to be reused and recycled in actual fact the effects of the endocrine system can be minutes to days to weeks and it can even persist after the stimulus has finished in actual fact what we've got here is a gland or cells that have released a hormone into the bloodstream and what can actually happen is the cells that release the hormone
• 03:30 - 04:00 that hormone can act upon those same cells that's called an auto Kryon response or those cells can react or engage with receptors on cells that are close by lights called para crime or it can act on cells that are very distant within the body and that's just the normal endocrine response so this is the basic differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system