Exam Recall Series (INI-CET May '24) - Anatomy

Summary

In this engaging discussion, Marrow breaks down key anatomy questions from the INI-CET May 2024 exam. Covering various anatomical structures and relationships, Marrow highlights common exam themes, showcasing repeated questions related to vertebral, neural anatomy, and more. Key takeaways include understanding joint types in thoracic vertebrae, nerve pathways, blood supply to the interventricular septum, and distinct anatomical features in sectional imaging of organs. Marrow emphasizes the importance of grasping fundamental concepts, as repeated questions form a significant portion of the exams.

Highlights

• Marrow discusses vertebra joint types in depth—symphysis joints, syndesmosis, and more! 🦴
• Understanding the neuron's anatomy with visual aids makes neural pathways clearer. 🧠
• Blood supply to the heart's interventricular septum can determine exam success. ♥️
• The discussion includes effective tips for identifying sectional images of organs. 📷
• Anticipating new exam patterns—watch out for dual-image questions and potential video formats! 📸

Key Takeaways

• Thoracic vertebrae structure and joint types - key for exams! 🦴
• Recurrent exam themes include neural pathways and joint classifications. 🧠
• Blood supply and anatomical relationships in the heart are crucial for understanding. ♥️
• Anatomy exams often revisit traditional questions, so know your fundamentals! 📚
• New exam patterns could include dual-image questions and video-based formats. 📸

Overview

In this review session, Marrow dives into the anatomy component of the INI-CET May 2024 exam, discussing previous question trends and themes. The discourse focuses on vertebral structures, particularly highlighting their joint types, and neural pathways which frequently surface in exams. The clarity with which these topics are covered provides students with a foundational understanding essential for acing similar future exams.

Marrow takes a detailed look at the neural anatomy questions, emphasizing how thorough comprehension of diagrams and images can aid in mastering complex neural concepts. Notably, understanding the heart's blood supply and its anatomical intricacies, such as the compartments within the interventricular septum, is pivotal for exam success, given their recurring appearance.

Throughout the session, Marrow discusses not only repeated questions but also potential shifts in the exam format, including the possibility of encountering dual-image questions and video-based queries. This insight serves as a valuable preparation tool, equipping students to tackle the evolving landscape of anatomy examinations with confidence and acumen.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 03:00: Introduction and Anatomy Question Discussion The chapter titled 'Introduction and Anatomy Question Discussion' introduces students to the May 2024 anatomy question discussions. The speaker emphasizes the predictability of certain questions, noting that questions about joints and examples are common. They reference a previous exam in November where a question was asked about the joint between mes and inas. For the current session, the focus is on the thoracic vertebra, as referenced by the picture associated with the question.
• 03:00 - 10:00: Neural Anatomy Questions The chapter discusses the anatomy of the vertebral column, particularly emphasizing the large and posterior spine of the thoracic vertebrae. It describes the costal demifacets found in thoracic vertebrae and clarifies the type of joint present between vertebrae, identifying them as intervertebral joints, which are classified as symphysis joints. Additionally, it explains that midline joints in the body, such as pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints, are of the symphysis type.
• 10:00 - 13:00: Spinal Nucleus and Related Structures This chapter discusses the structure and functions of the spinal nucleus along with related structures. It particularly focuses on the types of joints found in the spinal region and related areas. The text introduces different types of joints such as symphysis and plain type joints, and explains their locations and roles. The symphysis joints are found in the midline, including the manubriosternal joint, and play a crucial role in providing stability. The thoracic vertebrae have costal demifacets that articulate with the ribs through plain type joints, aiding in the rib cage's mobility and protection of thoracic organs.
• 13:00 - 22:00: Lung Anatomy and Phrenic Nerve The chapter discusses the anatomical structures related to the lung and phrenic nerve, focusing particularly on the type and nature of joints involved in this area. It explores the costovertebral joints which are of the synovial plain type, connecting the ribs with the vertebrae. Additionally, the chapter mentions the facet joints, also known as zygapophysial joints, which are likewise described as being synovial plain type joints, facilitating specific movements and connections between the articulating surfaces.
• 22:00 - 32:00: Heart Blood Supply and Interventricular Septum This section seems to focus on the anatomy related to the blood supply of the heart and the structure of the interventricular septum, but the provided transcript primarily discusses various types of joints, including synovial joints and their classifications, and ligaments connecting vertebrae. Ligaments such as the ligamentum flavum, supraspinous ligament, intraspinous ligament, and longitudinal ligament are mentioned as well as the synarthrosis type of joint, specifically syndesmosis among vertebrae.
• 32:00 - 44:00: Anatomy of the Breast and Vertebral Levels The chapter explores the anatomy of the breast and vertebral levels, focusing on different types of joints and ligaments holding bones together. It mentions syndesmosis joints, present in the thoracic vertebrae, and explains that fibrous (symphisis) and plain types of coval joints are present. However, primary cartilage joints, known as synchondrosis, are not found in the vertebra. The text highlights specific joint types and their relevance to the thoracic vertebrae.
• 44:00 - 41:00: Examination Pattern and Conclusion The chapter discusses an examination pattern change and concludes with insights. It highlights how questions have been repeated from the 2020-21 exam, specifically mentioning a new pattern where two images are provided instead of one. The question involves identifying the direct connection between marked parts in these images. This reflects a shift in examination style, emphasizing image-based questions.

Exam Recall Series (INI-CET May '24) - Anatomy Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 hello students welcome to inac May 2024 Anatomy question discussions now okay first question which of the following joint is not formed by the structure shown in the picture I told you definitely one question will be there in about the joint and their example so last November in you got the question from The Joint between the mes and inas now this time they gave the vertebra they gave thoracic vertebra why I'm saying thoracic vertebra that's
• 00:30 - 01:00 spine the spine is very large and more posterior and they also given the costal demifacet in the thasc vertebra so this thoracic vertebra now what type of joint it is not seen in the vertebra okay right now between the two vertebra we have the intervertebral joints that is a symphasis joint all the midline joints in the body or symphasis type pubic symphasis intervertebral joints The Joint between the vertebral bodies
• 01:00 - 01:30 symphisis type The Joint between the zum The Joint between manubriosternal joint so all the midline joints are symphasis joint so now symphasis is present okay right next I told you thasc vertebra thoracic vertebra have costal Demi facet costal facet this costal facet articulate with rib what type of joint between the costal demifacet and the rib they or plain type of
• 01:30 - 02:00 sinovial so Costo vertebral joint Costo vertebral joint or plain type of sinovial so plain type of sinovial also present and the joint between the faet The Joint between the vertebral L the two articulating faet are plain type of sinovial the facer joint or zyo hypop phasal joint or the
• 02:00 - 02:30 plain type of sinovial the joint between the articulating facet or plain type of sinovial okay and between the vertebra you also have ligaments the ligaments connecting the vertebral arches what are those ligamentum flavum supraspinous ligament intraspinous ligament longitudinal ligament so ligaments connecting the vertebral arches again this is called synas mosis type a type of fibros joint okay so joint between the vertebrales inter ver syndesmosis the
• 02:30 - 03:00 bones are held together only by ligaments so syndesmosis joint also present so in the thorasic VRA you have cmosis type fibrous joint symphisis type yes plain type of coval yes but synchondrosis it is not seen in the vertebra okay sondros is not seen right sondros otherwise known as primary cartilage joint it is not seen in the vertebra thoracic vertebra
• 03:00 - 03:30 right next from neural Anatomy we got three questions again this question is a repeat question only 2020 21 exam they gave this question again they repeated this question with new pattern they have given two images usually they will give one image ask the question now for a change they given two images and they ask the question the marked part in the first image has a direct connection with which of the following part marked in the second image
• 03:30 - 04:00 so in the first image this is cellum I hope you can identify the cellum clearly okay and cereum is connected to this structure and this is our midbrain so cereum connected to the brain stem by cere predal cereum connected to midbrain by Superior cere predal so they're asking about Superior cereal prle connection super cere ble
• 04:00 - 04:30 till now they gave question two times till now they gave this question two times 2020 am exam they gave this question decussation of superior cular prle taking place at midbrain pwns Meda what is the answer this is superior cere prle this is middle cere prle and this is inferior cere prle so Superior cere prle is decussating at the level of midbrain that is a question we got 2020 am exam
• 04:30 - 05:00 the exact answer is decoating in midbrain at the level of inferior ccul super cere prle decate at the mid brain exactly at the level of inferior ccul 2021 the superior cere prle after decussation which is ending it they go to Superior culus and they also go to Thalamus in the superior ccul they go to
• 05:00 - 05:30 Red nucleus so Superior C prle end in red nucleus and Thalamus the same question was asked in a different way instead of asking Theory question they give two image and they ask this question see the diagram now the first image I told you this is our Superior cereal ending we know the answer what is red nucleus next one is thalamus
• 05:30 - 06:00 now see the diagram the second image they given the midbrain in the midbrain cut section we are seeing this part what is that the con section of midbrain the small posterior part is called a tectum and the large anterior part is called cerebral peduncle I hope you know that now cerebral prle is having three parts this is a
• 06:00 - 06:30 this is a this is B and this is C what is a b c a is called tegmentum B is substan nagra C is C Crain C is C cbin okay now in the tegmentum of midbrain you see one highly vascular structure that is our red nucleus red nucleus is seen in midbrain
• 06:30 - 07:00 at the level of superior culus don't forget this this itself a worth the question to ask so red nucleus present in midbrain at the level of superior culus so number two in the dment of mid brain at the level of superior culus this is superior culus okay that is our Superior culus and this is AC of Sy cavity in the mid brain so in the superior culus you see the highly vascular nucleus that is
• 07:00 - 07:30 red nucleus so b substan nagra c c Cate okay so what is the answer Superior cangle after decussation ending red nucleus what is red nucleus two is red nucleus so answer for this question is to Red nucleus okay right repeat question only but they asked a different way that's all now which of the following is not seen in the Floor of inferior Horn of the lateral ventricle again they're
• 07:30 - 08:00 asking a very basic question only this not a very tough see in the section of brain I told you in Coral section or cut section certain basic points now third ventricle it is the midline cavity I hope you know that now what is later to third ventricle later to third ventricle will be your talamas and hypothalamus Thalamus and hypothalamus will be lateral to third ventricle so this B Bic relation you should not
• 08:00 - 08:30 forget likewise for the lateral ventricle you remember the another basic rule I told you in the module also lateral ventricle and the cordate nucleus they are interrelated now what lateral ventricle lateral ventricle you know it is a cavity in the cerebrum cavity in the cerebrum T seen now lateral ventricle is having four parts now this is the anterior horn
• 08:30 - 09:00 and this is the body this is posterior horn and this is the INF horn so lateral ventricle and the C nucleus they are inter related lateral ventricle and the cordate nucleus they're inter see here now anterior horn in the floor you're seeing head of the CATE nucleus yes or no yes what is
• 09:00 - 09:30 anterior horn anterior horn is extension of lateral ventricle into the frontal load now see the body of the lateral ventricle body of lateral ventricle in the Floor of body L ventricle again you are seeing the cordate nucleus in the floor of the body or central part of lateral ventricle yes we have the cic nucleus same cadate nucleus this is the tail of the cadate nucleus the tail of
• 09:30 - 10:00 the cord nucleus it is not in the floor of the inferior horn in the inferior horn the roof is formed by the tail of the quic nucleus this basic relation okay this is what they asked you so in the Floor of leral ventricle in the Floor of inferior Horn of leral ventricle tail is not SE if you remember this one point easy to answer this question see the diagram this is a section showing the inferior Horn of the
• 10:00 - 10:30 lateral ventricle okay right now this is inferior horn now I told you just now the tail of the qu nucleus from R what about the floor in the floor we have hippocampus fimbria and the collateral sulcus the very deep sucus they give one Eminence that is called collateral Eminence so these three structures they form the
• 10:30 - 11:00 floor okay so which of the following is not seen in the floor vria is present collateral Lance hippocampus is present but not our tail of cordate nucleus so the tail of cordate nucleus it is in the roof not in the floor so remember some basic relations that itself sufficient to answer these type of questions okay right next again this a repeat question only if my memory is correct they gave this question in
• 11:00 - 11:30 2018 as exam 2018 November as exam they gave this question the spinal nucleus of trial has second order neuron to carry which type of sensation in 2018 November a exam the question was about the M calic nucleus of trinal carries proception that is a question we got in 2018 November and 20124 may a exam the question is about the spinal nucleus of trial okay right so the trial nerve is having three
• 11:30 - 12:00 nucleus what are those molic nucleus of trial Chief sensory nucleus of trial and spinal nucleus of trial now molic nucleus of trial it is present in midbrain Chief sensory nucleus of trinal present in ponds spinal nucleus of trinal present in medula and it also extending into C1 C2
• 12:00 - 12:30 segment of spinal cord okay now what are sensory modalities carried by these nucleus spinal nucleus of trinal carries pain and temperature pain and temperature the very basic sensation pain and temperature is carried by your spinal nucleus of trial now what about Chief sensory nucleus of trial they carry pressure touch and vibration so pressure touch vibration C
• 12:30 - 13:00 by Chief sensory nucleus or principal nucleus of trial so meic nucleus of trial it is present in midbrain you know already and they carry proper reception okay all right so we know the answer spinal nucleus are trial carries pain and temperature right so we got three questions from the neuron atomy all the three questions are repeat now next this question again a repeat question only the structures pass between The Marked area A and B so in the diagram they
• 13:00 - 13:30 given constrictors of fings what are structures passed between the constructors of fings again not a new question repeat question only diagram yes we are seeing three Constructors a b and c a is a superior Constructor middle Constructor and inferior Constructor now you have a gap between the superior constrictor and the base of skull that Gap is called sinus of
• 13:30 - 14:00 moragne the Gap is called sinus of moragne sinus of maragy transmit auditory tube latar palatini muscle and two arteries ascending palatin artery and palatin branch of ascend foral
• 14:00 - 14:30 artery okay and plus or minus tensor paltin muscle T paltin muscle not given an books but still in ENT books they mentioning so please add ttin muscle as a plus or minus option for suches passing through sinus of Morag okay right next such as passing between a and between Superior constrictor and the middle constrictor now here we have one ligament what ligament styo hyid ligament number one
• 14:30 - 15:00 number two glossop Fingal nerve number three styop fous muscle so these three structures pass between A and B so PR consider middle constrictor now between middle constrictor inferior constrictor you have one nerve internal lenial nerve and Superior lenial vessels now below the inferior constrictor recurrent Lal nerve and inferior Lal vessels okay right so now the structure
• 15:00 - 15:30 is passing between Superior Middle constrictor what is it glosso fial nerve stopus muscle these are structures present between a and b and one more ligament is present they not given so please remember Str ligament also pass between A and B so answer for this question is D okay so now the nerve marked in the picture has its root value from so they give diagram lung
• 15:30 - 16:00 image I'm saying this is the left lung and this is the anterior border and this is posterior border I marked a is anterior border and posterior border why anterior border it is thin and sharp posterior border is blend so if that is anterior border now in the diagram we are seeing highum yes now in
• 16:00 - 16:30 theum the structures arranged from anterior to posterior structures in theum from anterior to posterior the anterior most structure in theum of lung is pulmonary vein followed by pulmonary artery followed by bronchus and finally bronchial artery and this question was given in 2021 in exam arrange this structures sequentially from Anor to posterior in
• 16:30 - 17:00 the highum of lung this Arrangement it is same in right lung and left lung same both okay now from above downwards in the highum of the left lung this highum of the left lung now from above downwards this is the pulmonary artery now can you see the thick white line here that is a broncus and this is a lower pulmonary vein so in the highum of left lung from above downwards I'm saying pulmonary artery
• 17:00 - 17:30 bronchus and the lower pulmonary we Arrangement okay now in front of the Hem of right lung and left lung we have one nerve behind theum of right lung and left lung we have one nerve now in front ofum of right lung anterior to theum of lung which know frenic nerve frenic nerve frenic nerve posterior to the highum of lung which now Vegas now now these questions
• 17:30 - 18:00 were given repeatedly in 2015 1617 neet exam 2015 1617 exam neet exam conducted for 10 days each day two paper and they'll give percentile for overall marks okay but 2018 yes the government decided to conduct single exam neat PG entrance exam all over India single paper with equal weightage of marks so in Old NE exam 2015 16 17 range they
• 18:00 - 18:30 gave this question repeatedly structures anterior to the higham of lung Fric nerve structures post to the Hem of lung vas n okay and in the As and in exams the questions were coming repeatedly about the frenic nerve from 2016 a exam I'm saying we getting questions repeatedly about the frenic nerve okay so now frenic nerve relation you have know some basic points you have to know so frenic
• 18:30 - 19:00 nerve it is the mixed nerve I hope you know that car sensity fiber and motar fiber motor fiber to diaphragm senstive fiber to plura pericardium and diaphragm okay now what is the root value C3 C4 C5 majority of the fibers are coming from C4 only now frenic nerve relation anterior to scaliness anterior muscle so scarus anterior muscle is the muscle
• 19:00 - 19:30 divide the subcl artery into three parts I hope you know that now see the diagram now in the diagram we are seeing this artery here that is a subcl artery now in front of subcl artery we are seeing this muscle that is scelus anterior muscle so Fric nerve in the neck anterior to scelus anterior muscle fine now in the thorax in the thorax the fr IC nerve is passing
• 19:30 - 20:00 anterior to the Hem of lung anterior to hem of lung I hope you know this to only they asking now try to identify these structures they gave this question 20120 November inct exam they gave this question chances are there to ask in the coming neat exam okay they give cabic image only so try to identify these NES in the diagram now what is a what is a a is the nerve which is going and
• 20:00 - 20:30 supplying this muscle here what is muscle your trapezius muscle very good so what is the n supply of trapezius trapezius and c m muscle supplied by spinal part of accessary nerve so spinal part of aary nerve supplies Stern M muscle and trapezius muscle very good now what about B so B we seeing like thread like structure and in between the threads you
• 20:30 - 21:00 are seeing some swelling that is a gangan so B is very good cervical sympathetic chain okay what about d d is vus nerve and C is our Fric nerve okay so vus nerve present between the artery and the ve common cored inter jugular ve okay and C is the Fric nve that is the skus anterior muscle so C is
• 21:00 - 21:30 passing anterior to skus anterior muscle okay so C is the Fric n so this image is very important you may get this image for the coming yes neat exam fine right so in the diagram they given the Lum left lung hilum in front anterior now Fric now what is the root value C3 C4 C5 s you told C3 C4 C5 it is given only C4 the bulk of the frenic nve is coming from C4 fiber only that is why
• 21:30 - 22:00 when the frenic nerve is irritated the patient have pain over the tip of the shoulder why tip of the shoulder dermatome tip of the shoulder dermatome is C4 the bulk of the frenic nerve is coming from C4 that is why when the frenic nerve is irritated the patient have pain over the tip of the shoulder okay right that is the answer for this question option a clear so FR root value C3 C4 C5 C4 okay
• 22:00 - 22:30 right next again this question repeat question only the professor underwent leftt pomy post surgery she complains of left lower lip paralysis which structure is involved okay so he's having the involvement of lower lip so for this right now what are the five terminal branches of facial nerve I hope you you know that temporal Branch zygomatic
• 22:30 - 23:00 Buckle Branch marginal mandibular and cervical five branches now what are the muscles applied by these five branches it is very difficult to remember try to remember certain basic muscles exam point of view you get question only about these muscles only okay now in the case cervical branch of facial nerve IT Supplies platisa very simple then marginal mandibular supplies lower lip muscle lower lip muscles what are those
• 23:00 - 23:30 depress La inferioris depress angular Oris and mentalis buckle Branch remember zygomaticus muscle and vinator muscle zymatic Branch supplies orbicular oculi the temporal Branch supplies frontalis and the corrugator super muscles these are the important muscles you have to remember for the nurse Supply okay right so now patient is having lower lip py what is the answer marginal branch of the
• 23:30 - 24:00 facial nerve marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve see the question so patient is having lower lip py so what is the answer facial nerve marginal mandibular Branch but marginal manipular branch is not given in the options facial nerve main trunk facial nve cervical Branch temporal Branch so marginal manipular branch is not given then what to choose what about cervical Branch cical Branch supplies plat plma muscle now what is
• 24:00 - 24:30 the action of platisa platisa muscle it depresses the mandible number one number two also draw down the lower lip and the angle of mouth so even the case of cervical branch of H involvement the patient is having lower lip paly because this muscle also pull the lower lip and the angle of mouth down clear so whenever you see the case of lower lip paralysis what is the best answer marginal
• 24:30 - 25:00 mandibular is the best answer marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve is the best answer greater than cervical Branch margin manle is not given then you can go for cervical branch of facial nerve okay right what is the answer for this question patient underwent pomy and lower lip paly which structure is involved margin mular that is not given then go for cervical branch okay right so B is the answer for this
• 25:00 - 25:30 question facial N Main TR means complete paly of the facial facial muscles all the muscles of the P involved okay temporal Branch again frontal is corat super involved okay right so answer for this question is b b is the answer for this question next so they gave the heart and they were asking the blood supply I told you in the modu usually the questions on the heart is only about the blood supply arterial Supply and the Venus d for all they want to ask any question
• 25:30 - 26:00 from the heart first Preference they go for blood supply only otherwise they go to interior of Atrium or the interior of right ventricle then they come to the borders and surface so first preference is we have the blood supply of the heart now see the diagram now in the diagram we seeing the section now in the section now these two are the atrium this is the right atrium right ventricle left atrium and the left ventricle now between the two ventricles yes you are seeing this structure marked
• 26:00 - 26:30 as a what is that that is the interventricular septum so they asking the blood supply of inter ventricular septum see the diagram yes so what is the blood supply of inter ventricular septum inter ventricular septum inter ventricular septum is having two parts the diagram muscular part is small so muscular part it is coming from the muscular proliferation from the base of the
• 26:30 - 27:00 heart and intraventricular septum also have the membranous part now the membran SP is coming from two Source number one bulbar septum and number two a cushion or endocardial cushion so membranous part is coming from two Source bbar septum and a question this is old in question okay the membran part of inter vular septum is coming from a cushion that is a
• 27:00 - 27:30 question they gave in the old in exam okay now what about the blood supply now the interventricular septum it is supplied by anterior 2/3 of the inter ventricular septum it is supplied by anterior inter ventricular artery anterior inter ventricular artery now posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum is coming from posterior interventricular artery
• 27:30 - 28:00 okay the septal branch of poster interent artery also supplies AV node so the septal branch of the post interventricular artery Supply two regions number one post one of interventricular septum number two AV node these are the points you have to know about the inter septum so inter septum means please note the embryology very important muscular part is coming from the the muscular proliferation membranous part will be the question they can ask you in the coming neat exam
• 28:00 - 28:30 so membranous SP is coming from two Source balar septum and the a question bbar septum nothing but a contribution from the krunal septum krunal septum it is helping to divide the truncus arteriosis by forming the spiral septum and they also contribute to the interventricular septum formation bbar septum so bbar septum is coming from krunal septum kot trunkal septum Coral septum yes it give two part one is
• 28:30 - 29:00 spiral septum number two bulbar septum spiral septum divide the trus arteriosis and the bulbar septum help in the formation of interventricular septum okay now the kot trun septum is coming from I hope you know neural crust cells okay so if you get any question from any one topic please go through the all the points about the concern topic again I'm saying you get the question the same topic but you won't get the
• 29:00 - 29:30 same question okay so inter subterm these are the points you have to know for the coming neat exam so membr part is coming from bulbar septum bulbar septum is a part of cor trangle septum cor trangle septum a derivative of neural cels and a question you know and blood supply yes these are the points okay so inter seum it is supplied by an inter vular artery and posterior inter vular artery supplying poster 1/3 okay now
• 29:30 - 30:00 what about these arteries diagonal artery diagonal artery 2019 as exam question diagonal supplies only left ventricle Diagon is a branch of anterior inter ventricular artery which supplies the anterior part of left ventricle only left ventricle anterior part this artery Supply so diagonal AR is a branch of question anular artery
• 30:00 - 30:30 diagonal Ary supplies only anterior surface of left ventricle right now right Marin AR is a branch of again right coronary artery okay an you know left circumflex artery a branch of left coronary artery okay so now what is the answer for this question C is the answer for this question very easy question only so which of the following statement is
• 30:30 - 31:00 true with respect to anatomy of the breast okay now suo medial supro medial or upper medial quadrant contains more glandular tissue it is wrong in the breast upper and the outer quadrant contains more glandular tissue okay upper lateral or upper outer quadrant contains more GL tissue this not correct now ligament of Cooper found only in the upper quadrant again wrong
• 31:00 - 31:30 see ligament of Cooper it is coming from the dermis of the skin up to the pectoral fascia it Gils to will Anchorage to the breast tissue it is a modification of the connective tissue it is present all over the breast not only in the upper quadrant it is made up of only 10 loes again this is wrong it is is made up of 15 to 20
• 31:30 - 32:00 lobes in each lobe we have 20 to 40 lules tail of Spence extend across the anti auxiliary fold yes this is called auxiliary tail of Spence it is extension from upper on the outer quadrant so upper outer quadrant of the breast extend into axila that is called axil of spins through one opening that opening is
• 32:00 - 32:30 called foran of Langer is a correct statement so in the choice option C Is Right axil T of Spence extend across the auxilary anti auxilary fold through for of Langer okay so C is the correct answer for this question right now which vertebral level does the given cross-section image correspond to so you see this section again the n exam you're getting one question from the cut section so now
• 32:30 - 33:00 this a cut section section this is anterior and this is posterior when saying posterior because in the posterior I'm seeing the vertebra okay now in this section we are seeing the organ the massive organ on the right side this is your liver so in the liver this is the left L of the liver this is the left L of the liver and and this is the right L of the liver
• 33:00 - 33:30 okay left L and right L now see diagram now the diagram just in front of the vertebra you are seeing esophagus Esopus already marked this esophagus and below the esophagus we are seeing the artery here yes or no yes that is your Iota so esophagus and that is your Iota fine and see here below the below the
• 33:30 - 34:00 liver on the right side you're seeing this tissue what is it lung this is the right lung similarly on the left side you are seeing left lung now above the left lung you seeing the impression for stomach so stomach how you seeing sir the upper part of stomach the fundas of stomach you'll see now between the diaphragm and the stomach you see one small organ
• 34:00 - 34:30 here that is your spleen spleen spleen okay right now in structure you are seeing here now you're also seeing above the this is the liver now can you see diaphragm here I'll mark the diaphragm this is diaphragm yes or no yes now above the diaphragm can you see the heart yes is a heart the heart is present between T4 to T8 only heart is present between T4 and T8 so small extension pericardium and the heart we
• 34:30 - 35:00 seeing here it is a section taken at the level of T9 now what are the other points to note here now at the level of T9 IAS all this now you are seeing the veins here see WS with the collapsed Lumen I hope you know that now can you see here yes the large Lumen on the right side that
• 35:00 - 35:30 is IVC and here these are two other veins these are nothing but hepatic WS okay now this section taken of T So T9 please not down the heart you see small portion of heart here and you'll see the spleen just appear between the stomach and the diaphragm and you also see the lung and see hepatic ve and the IVC what about t0 how what are the changes you see in the t0 now at the level of t0 you won't see
• 35:30 - 36:00 any heart impression so this is the liver above that yes you're seeing the diaphragm you're not seeing any part of heart here so heart you won't see anything number two now see the hepatic veins and IVC the hepatic veins and IVC they are very close when you take section at the level of t0 image of t0 the hepatic winds went inside the substance of the liver they are not very close as in T9
• 36:00 - 36:30 so hepatic WS they go into the substance of the liver you see only IVC here again a large right L and small left L now between the just on the left side of IVC you see a small part that is a cardate lobe of the liver okay and as usual this is esophagus and beneath that you're seeing
• 36:30 - 37:00 Iota and the small wing again that is the Asos Wing they won't ask you for the completion sake I'm writing now can you see one small white structure here yes that is a thoracic duct okay again stomach you are seeing spleen and you're also seeing yes the lungs the lower L of right lung left lung you are see okay okay so these are the differences you'll see in the T10
• 37:00 - 37:30 and T9 level the T10 and T9 level okay so the point is see the difference between so this are the difference between T9 and T10 level okay now what about t11 t11 and T12 you will be seeing the coils of jum pancreas and interestin you will see okay that are not seen in the T9 or T10 so what is the answer for this question see diagram in the diagram we seeing very small part of spleen very
• 37:30 - 38:00 small portion of the stomach IVC and the hepatic veins are very close and you see the small part of the heart so what is the answer T9 is the answer for this question okay right next now at what vertebral level does the marked part in the image lie at the normal anatomical position see the diagram in the diagram marking was given at the level of iscal spine and one more
• 38:00 - 38:30 point the bone is kept in the normal anatomical position if you keep the hip bone in the normal anatomical position the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphasis should be in the same plane anterior Superior ilc spine and pubic symphasis should be in the same plane present in the same plane first point second Point pubic
• 38:30 - 39:00 symphasis pubic symphasis and the tip of the CX should be in the same plane tip of the cix in the same plane number three see here iscal spine so if you connect the iscal spine of two sides see here they also present at the level of pubic symphasis that means if you connect the isal spine
• 39:00 - 39:30 they are passing at the level of the tip of cosx so isal spine is present at the level of tip of CX iscale spine is present at the level of the tip of CX and you know already escale spine is a landmark for giving pental nerve block pental nerve it is lying over the iscal spine iscal spine it is a projection between the greater chotic Notch and the
• 39:30 - 40:00 Lesser chotic Notch okay so in between these two yes you see iscal spine so escal spine is a landmark for giving pental n block so very easy question but first time they give this question very first time we got this question in the entrance exam so iscale spine at the normal atomical portion it is present at the level of tip of CES so these are the questions you got in the anatomy the last 20 24 May in exam still we got some more
• 40:00 - 40:30 questions in the applied aspect the features of the OKO motor nerve injury which are the following not action of superior BL and they're asking about the hormone secreted by Sona glom Los I think this is other questions you got so around 15 questions you got from the anatomy except two questions all the questions were repeats only direct manner so the new pattern is instead of asking the questions from one image they started asking question from two image
• 40:30 - 41:00 so they G two image and then they asking the question again they didn't give any question about any question in video based format but in the future they will give you a question from the video based type again in this in they didn't give any question in the sequence arrange pattern usually they give two questions the sequential Arrangement pattern but again in this Exam May you didn't get any question from the sequence ARR pattern okay right so this are the question about the anatomy from last in thank you
• 41:00 - 41:30 so much and see you in the next session