How Pro-Social Technology Is Saving Democracy from ‘Big Tech’ with Audrey Tang | TGS 169
Estimated read time: 1:20
Learn to use AI like a Pro
Get the latest AI workflows to boost your productivity and business performance, delivered weekly by expert consultants. Enjoy step-by-step guides, weekly Q&A sessions, and full access to our AI workflow archive.
Summary
In this insightful episode of 'The Great Simplification', host Nate Hagens is joined by Audrey Tang, Taiwanese Digital Ambassador. Audrey shares their experiences as Taiwan's Digital Minister, emphasizing the integration of transparent, pro-social technology into democracy to bridge societal divides. They explore the innovative processes Taiwan has implemented, including digital public squares, to ensure citizens' voices influence policy decisions. The duo discusses the importance of plurality over singularity, offering a hopeful vision for using technology to strengthen democracy and community engagement.
Highlights
Audrey Tang's role in transforming Taiwan's digital landscape is a beacon of hope for democracy using technology. 💡
The discussion highlights how AI can assist in civic engagement without replacing human interaction. 🤖
A unique insight into how plurality can serve as a counter to the potential perils of AI singularity. 🤔
Taiwan serves as a model for the world on integrating technology in governance, enhancing public trust and participation. 🌏
The potential of pro-social technology to foster community and ecological consciousness within societal systems. 🌱
Key Takeaways
Audrey Tang envisions a world where technology fosters human connection, not division. 🌍
Taiwan's innovative digital public squares demonstrate how tech can enhance government transparency and civic engagement. 📊
Plurality is crucial; it emphasizes diverse voices and collaborative solutions over a singular, AI-dominated approach. 🌟
Social media's future could be rooted in fostering community and empathy rather than just engagement and profit. 🤝
Youth engagement in Taiwanese politics shows significant impacts, leading to real policy changes. 🎓
Overview
Audrey Tang, the Taiwanese Digital Ambassador, joins Nate Hagens to discuss transformative digital strategies that save democracy from the pitfalls of 'Big Tech'. Tang's forward-thinking approach focuses on replacing traditional models with pro-social technologies that prioritize transparency and public engagement. 🌟
Through initiatives like digital public squares, Taiwan empowers its citizens to participate meaningfully in policy processes, showcasing how digital tools can restore public trust and enhance democratic governance. Tang emphasizes the philosophy of plurality, which involves engaging diverse perspectives to counteract AI's potential to centralize power and influence. 📢
The conversation delves into the future of social media, the role of youth in governance, and how these innovations can be globally scalable. By underlining the synergy between technology and democracy, Tang sparks hope for a future where technology heals rather than divides. 🌈
Chapters
00:00 - 00:30: Introduction to Pro-Social Technology This chapter discusses the concept of pro-social technology by challenging traditional business terminologies, such as 'human resources' and 'incentivizing corporations', which may distort our perception. It suggests shifting our perspective from viewing technology just as tools ('internet of things') to considering their potential for collective human experience ('internet of beings'). The chapter advocates for moving from 'virtual reality' to creating 'shared reality', promoting a deeper, interconnected approach to technology.
00:30 - 02:00: Audrey Tang's Role and Impact in Taiwan Chapter Title: Audrey Tang's Role and Impact in Taiwan.
The chapter discusses Audrey Tang, Taiwan's Digital Ambassador at large, and their work in integrating technology and transparency into government functions. The emphasis is placed on shifting from machine learning to collaborative learning and from user experience to human experience. The overarching goal is to empower the voice of people through this digital transformation.
03:00 - 06:00: The Sunflower Movement The chapter titled 'The Sunflower Movement' discusses the contributions of Audrey Tang, who served as Taiwan's digital minister from 2016 to 2024. Tang was known for advocating radical government transparency, aiming to make information, data, and resources accessible to the public. The chapter explores Tang's successful projects and the guiding philosophy of plurality in their work, highlighting its significance in a global environment.
06:00 - 11:00: Digital Public Squares and Civic Engagement In this chapter, the discussion revolves around the initiatives introduced by Audrey in Taiwan, which exemplify how digital public squares and technological advancements can facilitate greater civic engagement and effective policy changes. Through these projects, technology is made accessible to ordinary people, fostering real communication and tangible changes in governance. The speaker expresses their initial naivety on the topic and their amazement at the accomplishments achieved by Audrey and their team. The chapter concludes with a hopeful reflection on the potential global impact if more communities and countries were to adopt similar strategies.
12:00 - 18:00: Tackling Deepfake Advertisements with AI The episode focuses on the optimistic perspective of leveraging technology, specifically AI, to address the issue of deepfake advertisements. It emphasizes the potential of technology to support pro-social, community-focused, and environmentally conscious goals.
18:00 - 23:00: Deliberative Democracy and AI Facilitation The chapter discusses the role of deliberative democracy and AI facilitation in modern governance. Audrey Tang, a notable figure from Taiwan, is introduced as a guest in the program. The conversation highlights her impressive contributions to successful movements and governance initiatives in Taiwan over the past decade and a half.
34:00 - 41:00: Plurality: An Alternative to Singularity Audrey Tang became Taiwan's first Minister of Digital Affairs from 2016 to 2024, and later served as Taiwan's Cyber Ambassador at large. Tang has an extensive background in coding and digital innovation. A significant part of their journey into politics in Taiwan began with involvement in the Sunflower Movement.
48:00 - 52:00: Transforming Social Media for a Pro-Social Future The chapter discusses the state of Taiwanese society in 2014, highlighting the polarization and the low approval rating of the president at the time. The discussion touches upon the participant's role and experiences within the movement aimed at transforming social media towards a more pro-social direction, and how these experiences influenced their current perspective and work.
79:00 - 82:00: The Importance of Language and Communication Chapter Overview:
The chapter 'The Importance of Language and Communication' explores the significant role that language and communication play in global politics and economics, using a case study involving a trade deal with Beijing. It discusses the urgency felt by a parliament to secure a deal based on the potential economic growth, competitive pressures, and the fear of missing out. Additionally, it highlights concerns about the implications of such agreements, particularly in areas like telecommunications, where companies like Huawei and ZTE would be granted access. The chapter underscores the complexity of international negotiations where language and rhetoric can shape decisions with far-reaching consequences.
83:00 - 89:00: Innovating Democracy as a Communication Technology The chapter titled 'Innovating Democracy as a Communication Technology' discusses a situation where citizens took proactive measures by peacefully occupying their Parliament for three weeks. This act was not just a protest demanding something or opposing an entity, but a demonstration of taking matters into their own hands. It reflects on the broader impact of communications on the environment, labor, and other societal factors.
116:00 - 122:00: Cross-Cultural and Intergenerational Solidarity The chapter focuses on tools and methods developed to facilitate cross-cultural and intergenerational solidarity, specifically through citizen assemblies and online platforms. It describes the involvement of a large number of people engaging both physically and virtually to discuss the impact of trade deals. The chapter emphasizes the importance of providing platforms for individuals to understand and debate the implications of such deals, promoting a collaborative approach to shaping future regulations.
133:00 - 139:30: Conclusion and Final Thoughts The final chapter wraps up the successful outcome of a political assembly or movement where daily plenary sessions were held to negotiate and agree on key issues, particularly focusing on achievable goals or 'low hanging fruits'. Over the course of three weeks, a coherent set of demands was established, and subsequently adopted by the Speaker of the Parliament, marking a unique instance of agreement and convergence in such movements. The chapter concludes with the narrator being recognized for their efforts and insights, being appointed as a reverse mentor, a young advisor to governmental cabinets.
How Pro-Social Technology Is Saving Democracy from ‘Big Tech’ with Audrey Tang | TGS 169 Transcription
00:00 - 00:30 Repeating the category errors of some business as
usual language, such as saying human resources or incentivizing corporations just propagates
this category error in our thinking. So it's like trying to chart out a map, but with like
very tilted lens, you can't perceive the world, right? When we see the internet of things,
let's make it an internet of beings. When we see virtual reality,
let's make it a shared reality.
00:30 - 01:00 When we see machine learning, let's
make it collaborative learning. When we see user experience, let's
make it about human experience. Today I am joined by the Taiwanese
Digital Ambassador at large Audrey Tang to discuss their work championing the
integration of technology and transparency into government functions with the gold
to further empower the voice of people in
01:00 - 01:30 policy decisions. Audrey Tang was the first
digital minister of Taiwan from 2016 to 2024, where they were dedicated to promoting a
radical level of government transparency with aims to make all government information, data, and
resources as accessible to the public as possible. Today, we discuss a few of their past. Successful
projects as well as the philosophy of plurality, which guides all of their work in a
global environment where the topics
01:30 - 02:00 of tech and artificial intelligence
can feel esoteric and out of reach for ordinary people. The projects that Audrey
has introduced in Taiwan and beyond have resulted in real humans communicating
and enacting effective policy changes. Personally, I was naive on this topic and
I was blown away by what Audrey and their team were able to accomplish, and I wonder what
the world might look like if more communities, more countries, the whole world
followed this lead. In my opinion,
02:00 - 02:30 this episode highlights the more hopeful
side of the great simplification where technology could be used towards more pro-social
community, ecologically aware, oriented goals. Additionally. If you are enjoying this
podcast, I invite you to subscribe to our substack newsletter where you can read
more of the system science underpinning the human predicament, and where my team
and I post special announcements and new
02:30 - 03:00 written Franks and other such snippets
related to the great simplification. You can find the link to subscribe in the
show description. With that, I am pleased to welcome Audrey Tang. Audrey Tang, welcome to
the program. Hello. Good time everyone. So glad to be here. So you, um, already have quite an
amazing resume with lots of successful movements and governance initiatives in your country of
Taiwan, especially over the last 10 to 15 years.
03:00 - 03:30 You became the first Minister of Digital Affairs
in Taiwan from 2016 to 2024, and now you are Taiwan's Cyber Ambassador at large. Mm-hmm. Um,
but from what I understand, you'd been studying and working in coding and digital innovation
for quite a long time before that. But much of your journey into Taiwanese politics began
what was called, um, the Sunflower Movement.
03:30 - 04:00 Maybe we could start there. Can you tell us a bit
about what that movement was? What was your role and experience within it and how it affected
your current, uh, worldview and, and work? So back in 2014, the Taiwanese societies deeply
polarized. The president at the time was enjoying, uh, 9% of approval, which means that
in the country of 24 million anything, the president ma says 20 million people
are, you know, not so happy with it.
04:00 - 04:30 And so at the time, the parliament was
trying to rush through a trade deal with Beijing and using this. Basically, oh,
it's inevitable. Uh, the GDP will grow, uh, we'll enter an acceleration
phase. Uh, if we don't sign it, other people will sign and then we will lose
out, and so on. So forth. Uh, this kind of logic. But then there's, uh, people who deeply, uh,
think about the repercussions that it has, not just on our system of telecommunications. For
example, Huawei and ZTE will be able to enter and
04:30 - 05:00 monitor, um, our communications, but also the,
uh, impact on environment, our labor on many other things. And so, um, in March at a time,
uh, people took matters with their own hands. So we peacefully occupied the Parliament for three
weeks. Now a crucial difference is that we're not, uh, protesters who only demand something
like against something we're demonstrators
05:00 - 05:30 that showed a alternative. And
so we developed a lot of tools, like of the half a million people
on the street and many more online. You can show up to a citizen assembly like
conversation. You can enter your company number, uh, and then you can very quickly see how
exactly does the trade deal affect you. And then you can have a conversation with a dozen
other people who are also interested in this matter, to think about ways, uh, to basically
regulate, uh, future trade deals of this kind.
05:30 - 06:00 And so every day we read out, uh,
like a plenary what was agreed, uh, that day. And then every day we push it. Uh, a
little bit more on the low hanging fruits. Uh, that's, uh, basically under debate. And so after
three weeks, we managed to agree on a set of very coherent demands and the Speaker of the Parliament
basically say, okay, we'll adopt it, go home. And so it's a very rare occupy that really
converged instead of diverged. And so at the end of that year, I was tapped as a reverse
mentor, as a young advisor to the cabinets,
06:00 - 06:30 basically for each and every incoming
polarized, uh, topic. Instead of fighting out on social media, which isolates people
into this anti-social corners, we want to make something like the occupied parliament
space that we did build that year without. Literally occupying the Parliament. And
so I basically built many digital public squares to tackle things all the way from
Uber in 2015 to counter pandemic in 2020,
06:30 - 07:00 all the way to generative AI and so on
in 2023 and 24. And so by 2020 already, the approval rate is back to more than 70% because
we systemically discovered the uncommon grounds that can pull people together despite their very
polarized ideologies or political affiliations. Um, I have so many questions, Audrey, so,
mm-hmm. Uh, I'm, I'm glad you're here today. Let me set the context a little. We, uh, in
the world today realize the algorithms and
07:00 - 07:30 social media and the polarization and the
echo chambers, and the inability to really have civic discourse about the things that
matter, and we don't even know what's true. Uh, I am not an expert on that other than I.
I am an expert in knowing how it important it, it is to solve these issues
if we're going to have, uh, any hope of solving the larger issues
that I discuss on this platform. So you
07:30 - 08:00 just mentioned that instead of protest,
you wanted to have alternatives. Mm-hmm. And, um, I'd like you to unpack that
a little bit because so much of our, uh, postmodern, uh, critique of the world is
just pointing out what's wrong and what's bad, and it's just like an anger sort of thing instead
of actually proactive. So can you mm-hmm. Describe why, why that's so important, uh, and, and
your experience with offering alternatives.
08:00 - 08:30 Yeah, definitely. So I'll use one recent
example a year ago, um, about, uh, March, uh, 2024. We saw a problem online, uh,
with a lot of deep fake advertisements, uh, running fraudulent, uh,
ads that pertains to, you know, sell crypto or sell stocks or so on. In Taiwan
is always from Jensen, Juan, uh, you know, the Nvidia guy, uh, the richest Taiwanese, uh,
and sometime also from other entrepreneurs.
08:30 - 09:00 And then, uh, if you click on Jenssen's,
uh, likeness, um, he actually talks to you, not just chat, but also, you know, voice
and the whole deal. Uh, and that's because the generative AI has grown to such a
point where it can run such persuasion, um, what we call info attacks, uh, with no
human supervision. And so, uh, to solve that. We sent SMS text messages to 200,000 random
numbers in Taiwan from 1 1 1. That's the
09:00 - 09:30 trusted number. People know it come from the
government asking just one simple question, how do you feel about the
information integrity online, what to do about it? And so people gave
us, uh, their ideas and then. A thousand, 2000 or so, uh, people, uh, volunteered,
uh, to basically have online conversation. And now at the end, we did not engage
all the thousands of people. Uh, we chose 450 people that is a statistical
representative of the Taiwanese population
09:30 - 10:00 in terms of place they live, age,
bracket, gender, so on and so forth. And so this microcosm, this mini public,
um, deliberated online for almost a day. And the way it works is that people enter,
and it's like a Zoom call with nine other people. So 10 people each in each room and the 45
rooms deliberated about the potential responses
10:00 - 10:30 to this incoming issue of the fake fraud. So
maybe one room would say. Okay. Uh, if Jensen did not sign off on that advertisement,
it should actually be assumed as skim. We shouldn't assume human unless proven
otherwise. We should assume skim unless, uh, proven by the human. Another roommate say,
uh, if Facebook doesn't secure the signature and somebody gets skimmed outta $5 million,
then Facebook should be liable for that $5 million because otherwise they would just pay
the fine, which is, um, you know, negligible.
10:30 - 11:00 Uh, and another room says if Facebook also,
you know, doesn't even agree on this framework, we should slow down. Connection to the Facebook
servers so that the business goes to Google, uh, and so on and so forth. And so all these
ideas are facilitated not by human, but by the room itself as a AI facilitator that encourages
the quiet people to speak up and make real time transcripts and identify what we call sensemaking,
uh, the uncommon ground between those rim.
11:00 - 11:30 And then we read it back to everyone and people
agreed more than 85% regardless of their party affiliation on the package of measures.
And then we check with the stakeholders, the big tech in April, and they really cannot
lobby against it because there's no fraud, uh, party. And we can show
that everybody agree on that. And then finally, in May, we push
out the draft. And it's one of the very rare legislation in Taiwan where all the
three parties now of which have a majority,
11:30 - 12:00 um. Just fast track through. And so
now this year, if you open Facebook or YouTube in Taiwan, you just don't see
any fraudulent advertisements anymore. That's a solved problem. And that is because we
can show that that was the sense-making result from this broad listening exercise. So this
was an anecdote, but you can get the intuition. That is pretty amazing. I
actually didn't know that, but let me ask you some questions
about that. So you said, uh, you started with 200,000, you got it down to
several thousand, and then you chose mm-hmm.
12:00 - 12:30 450 mm-hmm. Based on demographics and then they
were in 45 rooms of 10. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. And, and so there would be, because that itself
kind of reflects Dunbar's number of sorts that you have to bring it down mm-hmm. To a
manageable Yes. Human interaction level and then scale a little upwards. So did each room
of 10 come up with its own kind of verdict? Yes. And then Exactly. And then you compiled
those 45 verdicts in a, in sort of a, a way that is exactly the case. And so
the, uh, of the 45, uh, 30 rooms,
12:30 - 13:00 uh, were from lay people and 15
rooms were from practitioners, like people who are actually media people or
social media, uh, professionals. And we made sure. That these, uh, cross, um, pollination, uh, works
in the plenary. So, uh, people had one segment of conversation and during the plenary we weave
together those questions and suggestions and so on. We read them back, uh, with interpretation
by experts, and then we enter the second segment,
13:00 - 13:30 uh, which then, uh, basically ratify uh,
on this, um, plenary, uh, conclusions. The good thing about AI is that
previously you will need a lot of people to like read individually those comments in order to make sense. But now AI
can do that without hallucinating, so you can get a pretty grounded report
based on those 45 rims, individual verdicts. So what about someone that
wasn't part of the 200,000? Um, you said there's 20 some million people
in Taiwan and they see the results of this,
13:30 - 14:00 wouldn't they? Their initial reaction be, oh, this
was just some AI scam that put this together. Why, why should I believe what, what
ended up being in in legislation? Yeah. Uh, part of the reason why is
that we've been doing this for 10 years, and so starting from 2015, uh, during the
Uber consultation where again, we just ask people how do you feel about someone with no
professional driver license, driving to work,
14:00 - 14:30 meeting a stranger on an app and charging them
for it, um, people already had like more than 100 of those online either petition or the online
sortition, uh, or this kind of, uh, conversations. So people can refer to the prior experiences and
they know they can kind of force a response, uh, just by going to the national participation
platform and to get 5,000 other people to, uh, basically produce a counter signature,
uh, so that for any regulation or for any
14:30 - 15:00 policy. If they're not happy about
the draft that we come up with, uh, if they get 5,000 people, they can
force another round of this exchange. How scalable is this? Can't this be applied
to almost any issue in, in the world and, and technically, um, maybe not politically,
but technically in any country in the world. Yeah, I think the trigger point, uh, really
is that you need a topic that is urgent enough and politically is not the sole
purview of an existing department.
15:00 - 15:30 Mm-hmm. So if it is already a single department, then they tend to feel that they've already got
a solution figured out. They do not actually need the collective intelligence. And if
it's not urgent, then it does not warrant this kind of instant sense making technologies
you can afford to do that over years and so on. So just a couple weeks ago in California,
uh, we launched, uh, engaged California and
15:30 - 16:00 the first topic to be discussed, uh, is how
to recover from the wildfire for Eaton and poly Sade. And that is the kind of topic that
has this urgency for clarity and is far from a single department's purview. And so I do think
that for this kind of topics like Calfornia is. 40 million people. It's not
a scale thing. It is the, uh, will of the people and the
actual urgency for clarity, these two, um, merging together that creates
opportunity to launch this sort of platform.
16:00 - 16:30 So there's the technology
itself, like what it does, but then kind of separate from that is
the people's trust in the technology. Mm-hmm. And you said since you did it for
10 years in Taiwan, there was like a social approval mm-hmm. Because people were used to
it. What's the threshold beyond which people believe this? Like, could this happen in the
United States, um, now on some issue that isn't existential, but, but is interesting to
people and, and relevant to their lives?
16:30 - 17:00 Yeah, I think it's also now, uh, ongoing
in Bowling Green, Kentucky, uh, for the, uh, better bowling green, uh, consultation.
Uh, and so it's not like urgency, urgency, but uh, obviously people do feel
that there is some value, uh, in closing the loop of the conversations in the
neighborhood, the mayor paying attention to it, and then using AI to figure out what's the
uncommon grounds, um, despite the differences
17:00 - 17:30 that people have in the society and how those
measures, uh, can really improve people's lives. And closing the loop and telling the people
who initially propose those ideas is because these words you wrote, and of course the other
3000, uh, people that this measure was taken, was there any evidence that
within the 45 groups of 10 people, each or any other recent example
that the 10 people themselves. In the, the process of discussion and debate
that was facilitated, facilitated by AI that
17:30 - 18:00 they learned and changed their mind, or they,
they altered their position on the issue? Yes, definitely. Uh, if you look for the, uh,
deliberative Democracy lab in Stanford, uh, which we partner with, uh, for
both Engaged California and for this information integrity consultation,
uh, they have a lot of research. And the most, uh, important takeaway for
me is that this inoculation works in the long term. So not just p do people, uh,
entertain. The other side's, uh, visions,
18:00 - 18:30 uh, in a kind of surprising validator kind
of way. So, I, I may not like your politics, but your suggestion makes sense to me.
This actually influenced their decisions even like a year after such exposure to a
citizen assembly, so that when they vote, uh, they tend to look at the actual
measures, uh, the actual issues at hunt. Uh, instead of just jumping
into partisan politics. And the people, the 10 people in each group,
18:30 - 19:00 did they know that the facilitator
was an AI and not a real human? Yeah, because it's not an avatar
or anything. You just see, uh, that the transcript, uh, appears, uh, as you
speak. You just see a kind of little poke, uh, when you've been too quiet, uh, and so on. So it's not like a AI pretending to
be a human facilitator. It's more like this room itself has a facilitating function. So, so in addition to facilitating, uh,
different, uh, priors and, um, ideologies,
19:00 - 19:30 it also, um. Equalizes in a, in a different way.
Because if you get 10 humans together, uh, various power laws ensue and one or two or three of the
people are gonna do 80 to 90% of the talking. Mm-hmm. But this actually upregulates the
quiet and downregulates the, the chatty. Yes, that is correct. And the reason why is
that we do want the voices, um, that, uh, reach this uncommon ground, uh, to have some way
of, um. Amplifying their reach. This is in stark
19:30 - 20:00 contrast with the antisocial corner of social
media where the only most polarized, most extreme, the dunking, uh, that gets amplification
because that's a broadcasting network. It's not a conversation network. And so in
weaving together a conversation network, we want to upregulate the kind of voice that
resonates with the entire room. And to do that,
20:00 - 20:30 you probably have to make sure that people,
uh, take turns, uh, listen as well as speak. It's really quite impressive,
and I am not such a fan of ai, uh, to be blunt, but this, this is
one of the good, good sides of ai. Yes. I think that's because it's using
AI as assistive intelligence. So just as the assistive technology
you are wearing the eyeglass, uh, it's not replacing a human in the human to human
relationship. Rather, it is enhancing the human to human relationship. And this assistive
use of AI also respects the dignity of the.
20:30 - 21:00 People, uh, in a conversation so
that they feel they can steer, uh, this conversation, not your eye glass
steering, uh, the conversation. And so I think when we talk about ai, we often
think in a kind of automating fashion, like replacing a human in a human to human
relationship or reducing humans to machines. But assistive kind of intelligence doesn't do
that, is task only and is not trying to be this
21:00 - 21:30 general, super intelligent that dictates the
human's logic. And so it's not about aligning, uh, humanity to. The digital AI logic,
it's about the individual digital tools like eyeglasses that can align
to the human to human logic. This is very impressive, Audrey, and I
know it's, uh, it's approaching midnight in Taiwan. Mm-hmm. And, and your clarity,
uh, on this is, is very, um, helpful. Uh, let me, let me take a step back in, in
your history. Mm-hmm. Eventually, your,
21:30 - 22:00 your work with the Sunflower Movement turned
into some other projects, uh, gov Zero and Paul. Mm-hmm. Um, can you give a brief account of what
those two projects were and, and specifically how they relate to a concept that you describe
as demonstrating rather than protesting. Definitely. So G zero V tw,
that's the domain name, uh, was registered before Sunflower in
in 2012, um, by some of my friends.
22:00 - 22:30 Uh, I joined almost full-time, uh, in 2013.
And the way we work is we look at all the government services, like something
the Go v tw, and if we don't like it, whether it's budget or something,
instead of, uh, just, you know, protesting that it's bad, we actually make a
better version as something that G zero V tw. So I talk about the National
Participation Platform, join the gov tw, and if you don't like that, you
can change your O to A zero and go
22:30 - 23:00 to join the G zero V tw, uh, which is the
gov zero version. But because gov zero is always. Free software, uh, and open culture,
meaning that our products, uh, are Forex. That's to say alternate versions of the government
versions. But we also relinquish sufficient amount of copyright so that if a government wants to,
they can always merge it back into government service. So quite, uh, famously, uh,
during the pandemic, um, the gov zero
23:00 - 23:30 people developed a alternate way to do contact
tracing that does not compromise privacy at all. So instead of government version,
the government simply say, okay, let's use the gov zero version. And
that resulted in Taiwan, you know, not locking down any cities, uh, during
the three years and actually held for, until Omicron, uh, which is no mean feat. And
TSMC just keeps running. Um, anyway, I digress. And so the gov zero, uh, try many different
things, but including Polis and Polis was.
23:30 - 24:00 Before generative ai, before language models
for sensemaking, um, you can think of it as a, um, visualization of where people stand
on a issue. So for Uber, for example, we ask people to chime in and they go online
and they see a fellow citizens, uh, feeling. For example, somebody may feel that, uh, undercutting
existing meters is very bad, but search pricing.
24:00 - 24:30 During, uh, high demand. That's very good.
Uh, so somebody may, may have this statement, you can agree, you can disagree or
you can pass, but there is no ance, so no room for truth to grow. And so it
is in a synchronous way, simulating a little bit of the 10 people room dynamics by
highlighting what's the most resonating idea. And so you see your avatar being sorted to
one room and this room, uh, have these kind of agreements, but you also see across all the
different cluster, different rooms, what are the
24:30 - 25:00 ideas that are currently gaining grounds that
everybody, regardless of where they're coming from. Do agree. And so after three weeks in 2015,
we agree on the set, a very coherent idea about Uber, which we then pass into law so that, uh,
the local co-ops and so on can also operate. And Uber is a legal taxi fleet, uh,
in Taiwan for quite some years now. So the idea is to use asynchronous,
uh, contribution, uh, and discovery of the uncommon ground so that even if we
don't have, uh, the language models, uh,
25:00 - 25:30 to weave things together, people can still kind
of see the community notes that flows to the top. And the same algorithm has been
adopted by YouTube, by meta, and by X as the community knows algorithm. Wow. So, um. Embedded in there, uh, is your
emphasis on data about feelings, specifically the feelings of the citizens living under these laws
and, and regulations that a government enacts?
25:30 - 26:00 Mm-hmm. Why is that so important to incorporate,
uh, those values into decision making? And by the way, do you know, um, Nora Bateson and
her work in what's called, uh, warm Data Labs? Mm-hmm. Yes, I've heard of, I've not worked
directly, but yes. Okay. But go ahead. What, what about, uh, data and feelings?
The integration of that? Mm-hmm. Yeah. Uh, first of all, I think
we're all experts of our feelings. Uh, and so that is actually what can easily
resonate with our fellow citizens. Had we
26:00 - 26:30 start our Uber consultation with,
what's your ideal economic model for sharing economy versus extractive gig
economy? Uh, probably nobody will come, right? Because it was, um, like. Extremely
abstract, but feeling is not abstract at all. Feeling is very personal. And so based on
feeling, then people want to take care of each other's feelings. So you can see
like the Uber driver, the taxi drivers, the passengers, the people worrying
about rural development and someone,
26:30 - 27:00 um, they all center around shared feelings. And
so naturally when people start proposing ideas, those idea that take care of everybody's
feelings will float to the top. And so this speaks to a very different ethical,
uh, foundation of policy making. This is more about the ethics of care. That is to say,
how much do we want to take care of each other instead of what's. Single abstract
value, um, like in a scholar value sense,
27:00 - 27:30 do we want to optimize? Right? Uh, and care
also has the benefits of, um, its positive sum. So if I take care of your ideas, then you
are probably going to propose an idea that also take care of my feelings, uh, as opposed
to if you put it to referendum or something as Uber did in other jurisdictions,
maybe 51% people feel they have won, maybe 49, feel they have lost, but their
feelings are hurt and are therefore more
27:30 - 28:00 likely to engage in negative sum uh,
conversations from that point onward. So what did those projects, um, tell you about
the divisiveness and polarization of the societies where they were enacted, and did people respond
well to, to these technologies? Like, oh, I, this feels more, uh, positive, some and, and caring,
and, and did they notice that? Yeah, definitely. Um, so, uh, we can, uh, look
at very objective numbers,
28:00 - 28:30 uh, especially the very young people in 2019. We changed our curriculum. So instead of,
uh, the standardized answers, you know, that the East Asians are very famous
about, uh, we switched. To prioritize, uh, the civic competencies, uh, namely, uh,
autonomy, that's curiosity, interaction with people who are unlike you, and also the common
ground, uh, the ability to construct common good. And so the idea here. Is that if we do not have
this shared, uncommon ground in for young people,
28:30 - 29:00 young people will feel they're very
detached from politics. They're just 14, 15. They have no way to contribute to
agenda setting, even though they do know, uh, what is actually better,
uh, for the planet and people. But by making sure that the young people
have agenda setting power, uh, in setting, for example, e petitions or even becoming, as
I mentioned, cabinet level advisors and so on, the Taiwanese 15 year olds, according to ICCS in
2022 are now. Populative world when it comes to
29:00 - 29:30 the agency. They feel that they can affect
the society for people and planet issues, and they still, uh, maintain the number
three to number five, uh, PS a score. So people are also happy that their stem isn't
actually degrading. It's not the trade off, uh, but I think the young people's empowerment as
well as the depolarizing effect across, um, religious, uh, urban, rural, uh,
age brackets, uh, and these, uh, Taiwan is also the least polarized among
OECD equivalents A couple years ago.
29:30 - 30:00 That's amazing and important, uh,
because there's two issues. One is using this technology to actually change policy
and regulations and, and things. But the other is, irrespective of that, this technology, um,
uh, suppresses apathy and provides agency, which is essential in our current world
because there's more and more people with, um, mental illness and, and just
checking out because it's so much,
30:00 - 30:30 because they don't feel they have agency
against all the things that are going on. So this technology could be really
important just as a, a vector to, um, to increase the feeling of agency. Yes. Yes. And it also has what we call a pre
bunking effect because if there's already a polarized fight between the two
memes, uh, then trying to arbitrate it, um, like especially from the government, uh,
tend to just, uh, kindle the fire even
30:30 - 31:00 more and people become even more polarized,
uh, and fuel conspiracy theories and so on. Uh, but this kind of technology
allows us to discover, uh, the uncommon ground and share it as
pre bunking. So one very early, um, example, pre is pre bunking. Yes. So it's not
debunking Oh, oh, it's not debunking. It's pre bunking. Yes. Debunking is After something goes
viral, you say, oh, that's not quite the case. Uh, pre bunking is that before something
goes viral, you already say, by the way,
31:00 - 31:30 this is actually like this. Right? So, so it's,
uh. Many people feel that if they pre bunk each other, they are less likely to be polarized.
And there's many ways to pre bunk and humor is one large part of it. So in early 2020, uh,
when people are not sure what the coronavirus interaction with Musk are in Taiwan, we already
observe as in other places, like one side says,
31:30 - 32:00 because we had a SARS experience a
few years ago, people feel only N95. The highest gray mask are useful
and every other mask are actually, you know, a, a scam or something. Uh, and
the other side says it's ventilation is aerosol. So wearing a mask hurts you
and wearing N95 hurts you the most, right? So, uh, if we just let these two
polarized memes, uh, grow, then they tend to fight each other and people will, um,
basically polarized into mask anti-US camps.
32:00 - 32:30 Uh, but the science, uh, was still not
very clear then. So we basically. Pushed out the meme of a uncommon ground, uh, very
quickly, and it's a Shiba inu, a very cute dog, putting her pole to her mouth, saying, wear a
mask to remind each other to keep your dirty and wash hand from your face. So, so that's a
uncommon ground no matter which part you are. You probably agree that hand washing is
good. Uh, we actually measure tap water
32:30 - 33:00 usage. It actually increased, uh, and because
the dog is just so cute, if you laugh at it, the next time you see somebody wearing a mask or
not wearing a mask, you would just think about, uh, you know, hand washing, uh,
which is like not polarizing at all. Uh, everybody washes their hands. So just like,
there's no pro fraud camp in Taiwan. There's no, you know, anti hand washing camp in Taiwan. And
so it just diffused the polarization into just, you know, hand washing. There's also songs about
it and the cute dog dancing and things like that.
33:00 - 33:30 So, um. Yeah, this is like literally, I'm. Soaking this all up because I think it's,
it's so important and I take our current social media landscape as a, as a given,
and I, I've stopped using Facebook and, uh, I do use the other things to post the content
of, of this website, but I'm become really disenchanted with social media and this, this is
exciting to learn that these things are possible.
33:30 - 34:00 LL let me continue. Ultimately, I
believe you've rooted your work, uh, in the idea of plurality. Mm-hmm. Uh, which I
think is the name of the book you co-authored with Glen Weil. Mm-hmm. Can you describe
what is at the core of, of pl plurality? Yeah, certainly. So, um, singularity. Means, uh, an AI that can improve itself, uh,
increasingly without human uh, control. And at some point the AI can automate everything
there is to automate about AI research. And then
34:00 - 34:30 either, I guess, grow a self preservation instinct
and refuse to develop the next generation of AI and kind of see us as competing carbon-based
species, or, uh, they don't get that. Uh, and just recursively self-improve and serve
not themselves, but maybe, you know, a CEO. And then the CEO becomes. Transhuman, uh, and then become a very different species than
the rest of us, right? So that's singularity.
34:30 - 35:00 Thank you for that. I've,
I've heard that word a lot, and that was the best description,
uh, as horrifying as it is. Um, but thank you, you for that. Please continue. Uh, it is, uh, kind of
losing the race, um, of humanity, right? Yeah. It's not a race of, um, ascension, uh,
as sometimes portrayed, but for the rest of us, it's just the humanity race loses. And so
plurality says, um, instead of making an AI
35:00 - 35:30 that's even more powerful by the day
recursively, we should, uh, actually enhance the way that people can work across
differences. So design each piece of technology. It could be ai, it could be immersive
reality, many technologies, um, with this eye on fostering. The differences, but seeing the
conflict that ensues not as fire to be put out, but as energy can be harnessed, uh,
for co-creation. And so any sort of
35:30 - 36:00 technology that enhances this collaboration across
differences, uh, is in the direction of plurality. So instead of a vertical race, uh,
of takeoff, uh, escape velocity, you see a lot of space based, uh, metaphors.
Uh, the plurality is entirely horizontal. It is, uh, a lateral diffusion of technical
capabilities. And each capability is steerable by the community that's deploying
it. And so the more we invest in plurality,
36:00 - 36:30 the better we're prepared, uh,
to face all the emerging harms. That's. Being caused by advanced AI and so
on. And the hope is that at some point people will just discover that this is a better,
a more worthwhile direction. Maybe it's not worthwhile at all to replace our, uh, human
race, uh, with some other, uh, silicon based, uh, stuff. Un unless you're the CEO. Yes. Uh, and
as we have seen, uh, when people said to the CEOs
36:30 - 37:00 of big tech, uh, from Taiwan that you need to
be liable for whichever scams advertisement that you put on because you've been earning,
uh, advertisement dollars from those scammers. Uh, and the entire society is paying the
consequences, the cost of such negative pollution, externalities. This is the
kind of plurality technology that quickly lets the decision makers reign in the
CEOs. And so I do believe that this
37:00 - 37:30 steerability comes from the button up,
but it also does need, uh, endorsements, uh, from the regulators, uh, to say
basically, okay, it's not my idea. It's like a trade, uh, negotiation.
It is the people's idea. So is that kind of, uh, a plurality is kind of
like a decentralized singularity. Well, it's a acceleration for decentralization, for
democracy, and also for defense. Uh, so Vitalik
37:30 - 38:00 Buting caused this d slash acc or defensive
democratic decentralization acceleration. So it is an kind of acceleration in that we want, uh, the most possible equitable way
of diffusion. Uh, but it's accelerates not in the sense of self-improvement,
like the vertical singularity one. This could be applied in a lot of different areas.
I'm specifically interested in how it could be used for the ongoing battle of what the
future of social media could look like.
38:00 - 38:30 Mm-hmm. Especially with our. Aims of,
of this podcast and your work and a lot of our colleagues and people in the
world for a pro social, uh, future, what would be specific features of a
social media platform rooted in the ideas of plurality and how would those look
different than the platforms we have today? I'm, I'm sure you've thought about
this and if not, are working on it.
38:30 - 39:00 Yes, certainly. So, uh, I co-authored a paper
called Pro-Social Media that talks about this. The idea very simply put is that in your newsfeed,
instead of being ranked by the engagement or addiction that it generates, it can rank instead
by the various communities that you belong to and how much coherence, how much uncommon ground
each post can generate between those communities. So. Each of us have very different like spiritual,
professional, family and so on circles. And it's
39:00 - 39:30 often the case that we ourselves are also figuring
out how to take something that we feel cherished from one context across to another context.
And the idea is that there are creators, uh, on social media that specialize in creating this
kind of bridges so that people can understand the other community more and vice versa just
by viewing and engaging with such content.
39:30 - 40:00 And so for each post, you can then see
of the communities you belong to, uh, which communities find this to be bridging. And
which communities find this to be debatable. So it's like the polish interface, but
apply to social media. We already have that in the form of community notes,
but it is kind of a debunking thing. Uh, you already have a trending, polarizing post,
and then you can look at the community notes, uh,
40:00 - 40:30 to have this kind of resonance and bridging.
So the intuition is to move this into the main feed so that the main feed itself becomes,
uh, pro-social. And in the paper we talk about, for example, I'm involved, uh, in advising
the Project Liberty Institute, uh, who, uh, works out a new economic model, uh, for TikTok if
the people's bid succeeds, uh, in buying TikTok. Us. And so instead of the advertisers paying
to bid for the highest bid, uh, getting the
40:30 - 41:00 attention of each individual kind of strip mining
the social fabric and making each person look at a wildly different feed, uh, this idea is
recreate this common experience so that people can know, oh, um, your community and that
community are enjoying this, um, together. So a little bit like those
10 people in the same room, people will be able to know that this is, uh,
white resonance with the extended communities
41:00 - 41:30 and it creates kind of a Super Bowl effect
and things like that. And we conjecture that the communities as well as brands will,
uh, pay for this kind of shared experiences. So how prevalent are these various technologies?
Some of the things, uh, the project you, you've mentioned in Taiwan. Mm-hmm. And
is there any evidence that on some, uh, um, group of issues that Taiwanese population is
less polarized than mm-hmm. Than other countries?
41:30 - 42:00 Definitely, as I mentioned, across urban, rural,
across, uh, age groups, across religion and so on. Taiwanese people are the least, uh, polarized. And
we can also simply compare the pro-social ranking algorithm that's deployed in LinkedIn, uh, versus
say in Facebook, um, LinkedIn Q rates. Uh, its, uh, feed in a way that is not maximizing
the time you spend on advertisement, but rather on the, uh, cohesion, the
coherence that we just talked about.
42:00 - 42:30 And so feed is quite different, or LinkedIn
In Taiwan? No, no, LinkedIn globally. Uh, when they first introduced the newsfeed to
LinkedIn, they were very intentional and then they curated this kind of common ground
bridging, uh, posts from. Business leaders, uh, from people who follow, uh, who are
followed by a lot of people on LinkedIn. And then they gradually, uh, open up commenting
and things like that. But the whole idea is to
42:30 - 43:00 shape a norm where, uh, engaging with the
feed actually adds to your, uh, sense of social cohesion instead of, uh, distracting,
uh, from, its like Facebook did since 2015. So what are the barriers to this scaling, uh,
pro-social, plurality based, um, social media? What, why isn't this I. Taking off more, this
feels like something that people would want, uh, of all political ideologies and and backgrounds.
43:00 - 43:30 Yeah, definitely. Um, and it is true that I've
been talking with, uh, many different people on different sides of ideologies and they all feel
that it's time to move past peak polarization. And I do think that what we need now is,
uh, both strategies. One is working with, uh, free software communities that runs those
smaller but still very respectable sized, uh, networks such as Blue Sky with 30 million people
on one side, and also choose social on the other,
43:30 - 44:00 which is also free software. Uh, and,
uh, in a way to show that we can bridge. The contents so that people across true social
and blue sky can find the uncommon ground, the, uh, surprising validators. So this
is what we're doing. And the other is just to take an existing network like
TikTok and just change its algorithm. And the idea of people spit is
that TikTok needs to interoperate.
44:00 - 44:30 Meaning if you post on TikTok, you should
be able to consume the same content and link to the same friends on Blue Sky or
on true social or on any other places. And so people will then be able to
curate their own experience instead of feeling locked in to the core, uh,
recommendation algorithm of TikTok. And so this gives us much more grounds to
experiment with the pro-social ranking. Just like everything else in our world though,
isn't, um, our global economic system, uh,
44:30 - 45:00 our national economic system, our corporate
economic incentives are based on, uh, dollars and we get clicks for dollars. So, you know, when we
use social media, we get some benefit and mm-hmm. A lot of times it's dopamine based
instead of oxytocin based. Mm-hmm. Um, to, to make a generality, but it
results in an economic, uh, uh, gain for some individual or corporation.
Mm-hmm. Does, does this still, um,
45:00 - 45:30 does this combat that at all? Or how,
how does that play into this? Yeah, the, the hope here is just as LinkedIn has
demonstrated, there is a way to pay for. Common experiences and oxy toin based, uh,
feelings, uh, while still making sure that whatever advertisement, whatever messages, uh,
that you pay, um, can result, uh, in like Super
45:30 - 46:00 Bowl, uh, which is the kind of pinnacle of
common experience. And then you can build narratives and brands and so on in a way that
individualized dopamine hits, uh, really cannot. Seriously. I, I think our culture has
like a massive dopamine hangover. Um, they may not know that, but we're so depleted.
Uh, it's like we've all been on this Las Vegas junket and have lost all our coins and our
brains are kind of fried and we're hungry for
46:00 - 46:30 serotonin and oxytocin. Other of our ancestral
neurotransmitters that we've been craving, and we get that through community and
community engagement and social interactions, and the fact that we can possibly
get that from social media mm-hmm. Is encouraging. Um. Don't you think? Yes. Uh, and there's a famous
study a year and a half ago, uh, a average undergrad in the US using
TikTok. If you ask them to move off TikTok,
46:30 - 47:00 then you will have to pay them almost $60 a month
so they lose that much utility like fomo. Uh, while everybody else is still on that hamster
wheel, but if there's a magic button you can press that can transplant everybody around them
and themself into some other like non dopamine based, uh, platform, uh, then they're
willing to pay you almost $30 a month. Um, and so it's obvious we're in a product
market trap. Mm-hmm. Everybody lose utility
47:00 - 47:30 on the hamster wheel, but the
first one to move off suffers so much fomo so that nobody want
to be the first that moves off. Hmm. That's quite profound and
dopamine is still worth two x, uh, serotonin and oxytocin in
our current economic system. But that might change. Yes, that
might change. Um, so, so you are, uh, in your work, um, you're very specific
in your projects and initiatives about the use of language and the importance of
it. So why is language so important,
47:30 - 48:00 uh, in these movements and for civic
engagement and, and participation in general? Yeah, I think repeating, uh, the category errors,
uh, of some business as usual language such as, I dunno saying human resources, uh, or
incentivizing corporations, uh, just. Propagates this category error in our thinking.
So it's like, um, trying to chart out a map, uh, but with like very tilted, uh, lens, uh,
you, you can't perceive the world, right?
48:00 - 48:30 Uh, if you use that sort of category error, um,
where it's, and so in 2016, uh, when I first entered the cabinet as the digital minister,
uh, I made a word play because in Taiwan, digital shuway also means plural. So I'm not just
a digital minister, I'm also the minister for plurality. I. So even though there's no ministry
at the time, the ministry will come in 2022. I still wrote a job description, uh, as a shuway
uh, minister. It goes like this very quick. When
48:30 - 49:00 we see the internet of things, let's make it an
internet of beings. When we see virtual reality, let's make it a shared reality. When we see
machine learning, let's make it collaborative learning. When we see user experience,
let's make it about human experience. And whenever we hear that the singularity is near,
let's always remember the plurality is here. Nice
49:00 - 49:30 work, Audrey. Thank you. Um, I do think law, um, um, language is so important. Like fossil
fuels. They're not fossil fuels. Mm-hmm. Um, they're fossil hydrocarbons. We're just
choosing to use them as fuels. Mm-hmm. As, as one example, or we refer to the
United States consumer spent more this month, like we're human beings who buy food and other
things. We're not necessarily consumers, uh,
49:30 - 50:00 unless the true ecological sense, but yeah.
Language is super important. Mm-hmm. Um, mm-hmm. Yes. Because we're marketing to each other. Yes. Consumer of foods is like, you know,
referring to your users and, and it sums this, you know, drug subscription, uh, case, right? So
I think when I say user experience, uh, should be, instead, human experience, we're pointing
out the same thing. That is to say there's much more to being human than just consuming
something or getting addicted on something.
50:00 - 50:30 So I've heard you, um, describe liberal democracy
as a sort of social technology. Mm-hmm. That should be in constant innovation, uh, alongside
other technologies. Mm-hmm. H how would you describe the current state of innovation for
democracy itself and what is needed for it to keep pace mm-hmm. Uh, with other things
in parallel that are going on in our world, like artificial intelligence
and other disruptive technology?
50:30 - 51:00 Yeah, that's a great question. So, um, I
analyze, uh, democracy as a communication technology that has, uh, bandwidth
and latency. Bandwidth is how much, uh, information can each citizen communicate
to their communities and also into decision making. So if you have a referendum, that's
one bit of information. If you have a, um, votes on mayor, uh, with four plausible
candidates, that's two bits of information.
51:00 - 51:30 The problem is that the emerging technologies,
they change our world in a way that demands, um, solutions to what's called wicked problems.
Meaning that issues that require coordinated action of many, many different parts of
the society. But if each part of society. Can have two bits, three bits of information
uploaded, then that's not sufficient information to piece together a solution, a kind of
jigsaw puzzle, uh, to the wicked issue.
51:30 - 52:00 And this is one part, and another part is latency.
If you have to wait for four years for the next, uh, mayor or the next referendum and so on.
Well, um, many incoming transformative threats, uh, can change the society to the point of no
return in less than four years. And so think, um, not just pandemic, but also the info
dynamic, uh, the polarization issue,
52:00 - 52:30 the, uh, generative ai, power
scams, phishing, and so on. So all of these, you, you do not wait for four
years and start a new referendum or vote in a new mayor or things like that. You. Immediately
gets people together and very quickly gets much more bits than just a vote. Maybe you
get conversations which is much more bits, or instead you get, uh, reflections
on each other's posts and so on. Like in poll, no matter which way, you need to
close the loop very quickly so that people know
52:30 - 53:00 that within weeks or at most months, your idea
results in the steering of the, uh, direction of the technology and its responses. And then
people can come around again and again to learn the steerability. So I'm the cyber ambassador
and cybernetics in Greek means steering. So this is about the art of steering. I didn't know that. Um, so is there a risk
that if we don't continue to innovate, uh,
53:00 - 53:30 democracy as it is today mm-hmm. And all
the liberties and freedoms that we've come to take for granted, uh, in our generations, that
democracy will simply become obsolete in the face of accelerating AI towards the singularity
and the changing global political landscape. Um, how worried are you about that and
how do those concepts, uh, interrelate? I think, uh, there are various ways that people
can see the incoming crisis, which is not just
53:30 - 54:00 one but many. So some people say PO crisis,
uh, but they're all isomorphic in the sense that if you see one crisis, you've also seen
the shape of some of the other crisis as well. So like a meta. Crisis. And so I
do feel that, uh, our experience when it comes to whether it is occupying the
parliament peacefully and keep it peaceful,
54:00 - 54:30 or whether it is about countering the algorithmic,
um, dispatch of Uber and of social media and, uh, the infoam and also the pandemic,
uh, and generative AI harms and so on. Each of these examples, uh, shows that
maybe a crisis, uh, as in weight is both in a danger and an opportunity. And so
the shared danger is likely to. Make sure that people see the societal resilience as
not a nice to have, but rather something
54:30 - 55:00 that people must contribute to. So
the wildfire, um, recovery issue, uh, on engaged California is a great, uh,
result of this infrastructure level building. And then when such a topic comes in, then people
can pivot and respond very quickly to it. So I'm not pessimistic at all. I feel that each of
those incoming threats actually accelerate the diffusion and the common knowledge
of the people that democracy does need,
55:00 - 55:30 uh, improvement as the social technology. Audrey, why are, are concepts, uh, like
responsibility, liability, inclusivity, and transparency, um, important, uh,
for creating and maintaining an open democratic governance system of, of the
type that you've been describing? I. Yeah. Um, I learned this, uh, when I entered the
cabinet, um, because, uh, in 2016, uh, I entered the cabinet with some of that doge energy, you
know, uh, wanting to make everything transparent,
55:30 - 56:00 want to make a procurement, like a leaderboard
of people comparing, uh, and things like that. Shortening the, uh, tax filing from three hours
to three minutes, uh, through direct file, um, and so on. And so all these, like what
we did that in like 2016 and so on, but we very quickly found out people in the
career, public service, the career public servants. They also had the same idea,
and they are also like great reformers.
56:00 - 56:30 They actually know how to do things
better. It was just they lack a air cover. There's no one who say,
uh, if you do this well then, um, it's you who get a credit and if you do this, uh,
but it doesn't work and I can take the blame. Uh, and so I made sure that we align our, this
energy of democratic innovation to the. Languages and the logic, uh, that the
career, public service, uh, especially the,
56:30 - 57:00 uh, planning and research and development
departments use. And so in Taiwan we have the National Development Council, and to them
always, uh, transparency, accountability, uh, is I. The norm. Uh, and if we add participation
and inclusive participation at that to it, they want to know that this participation
is accountable so that we can regulate, um, this institution into new institutions, not just
challenging and taking down existing institutions.
57:00 - 57:30 So we announced our every move,
everything like the join platform, the participation office and so on. Uh, instead
of just doing it, uh, as code, we said, okay, six days from now we're going to do it and
here's a public commentary period. And we made sure that there's no exceptions. Everything
needs to be pre announced publicly this way. And so even though that each of our move takes
like 60 days more, I think we want much more
57:30 - 58:00 support from the career public service because
they can see that. I'm designing myself out, so to speak. Uh, if I'm no longer
the minister, all those institutions, the new designs are still around because it
conforms to the logic of the bureaucracy. I imagine that there are many other countries in
the world, some countries are very interested in copying your success in Taiwan. Mm-hmm. And
others are also afraid of, of implementing some of these things. Mm-hmm. I mean,
in your opinion, should countries, uh,
58:00 - 58:30 be doing more to regulate social media platforms
to be in line with these principles and, and what are some of the, uh, the benefits and risks to
such government oversight and any comments there? So for this kind of broad listening and
sense making, I think the smaller the polity, the easier it is to implement. Uh, to your point
about Dunbar's number, pretty much any polity, if it's just 150 people, they don't
have to run a sortition. They just
58:30 - 59:00 invite, uh, everybody right to a conversation.
Uh, and we do see that in many countries, like in Japan there's a long tradition of
citizen assemblies, but on a hyper local level, like literally township level,
uh, and that, uh, has worked well. Do we have the technology to do that at
a township level now? Yes, we do. It's the same technology. It's just
easier to implement, uh, and gets buy-in from a mayor of a town as opposed to say, you
know, a federal government. Right. So it's usually easier to start. I want you
to finish answering this question,
59:00 - 59:30 but just so I understand, I. In the United States right now, people in
Topeka, Kansas, or Red Wing, Minnesota mm-hmm. Or Sebastopol, California mm-hmm. Could access some
existing technology right now to do Oh, yeah. Some of the things You're ta what, what would that
be? Yes. What TE technology. Yeah. As, as I mentioned, the Bowling Green,
uh, process is ongoing, right? So if you just search for Bowling Green,
uh, Kentucky, uh, sensemaking, uh, or polis,
59:30 - 60:00 uh, or better Bowling Green, uh, you can see
exactly how it's done. It's all open source, not just the P platform, but
also the sensemaking tool. Uh, they're all free software free for anyone to
use. And so there are some US states, uh, with. Citizen assembly tradition already in
an in-person kind like in Oregon. Uh, and so in that sense then it's not
about convincing them to move online, but rather using digital tools
to augment the conversation and
60:00 - 60:30 to improve its reach. So like Democracy Next
has been working with Oregon people on that. So the Bowling Green and the Oregon, there are, there are entities that are working
and chaperoning that process. Mm-hmm. But in theory, anyone listening to this
show could look at the Bowling Green example, access the source code, and start
something in their own community. Yes, definitely you can roll out Polis installations. Uh,
at PL is, and the sales making tools, uh, you just search for Jigsaw, sensemaking and
Polis, I think now have integrated that logic.
60:30 - 61:00 So it can also use language models
to do a very balanced reporting of people's ideas. So you can close
the loop like literally within, um, a minute or so for the mayor,
uh, to maybe read every morning. Let, let me ask you a, a related question.
Not, uh, to do with democracy per se. Um, but I've noticed, um, over the years,
um, decades of convening groups of.
61:00 - 61:30 High status scientists and activists, that
everyone's got an opinion and they're very smart, and you get 80 or a hundred people
together. But what ends up happening is when you're in person or when your
name is attached to something, people, since we're social primates, uh, and we
compare and look at status metrics, they defer to the senior wealthiest, or most famous,
or most influential per person in the group.
61:30 - 62:00 And so they don't mm-hmm. Let their, their
real thoughts, um, be known. So I'm wondering, the technology that you just described
about the Bowling Green, could that be used mm-hmm. In an institution itself where
there's 200 people and you really wanna know what people are thinking without fear of saying
the wrong thing and getting demoted or anything? Is, would this apply to those situations as well? Yes. And, uh, there are technologies for
the in-person, uh, kind like cortico,
62:00 - 62:30 C-O-R-T-I-C-O, and develop out of MIT. This
tool, uh, you can just put your phone or a round microphone on table, and then it ensures
that the facilitator is guided by not just, uh, the conversation guide, the turn taking,
you know, not letting the single senior person dominate conversation, but can also carry
other conversations from previous, uh, talks, uh, to this particular conversation pod so that
the conversation network can cross pollinate.
62:30 - 63:00 So when the most senior person speaks something, the facilitator can then press a key and
then a method, uh, place from some other conversations that counterbalances,
uh, the point that was just made. Why didn't I know about this? And what is, what
is holding this sort of technology back? Is it, is it awareness, uh, like in my
case, or is it money or is it, um, big tech is, uh, afraid of these
things, uh, or is it social organization?
63:00 - 63:30 Why aren't these things scaling more rapidly? I think, uh, one of the main reason, uh,
was that all these things run on oxy, toin and serotonin, right? And so it is a,
it is a vibe thing. Once you're in this vibe, uh, then it's more likely that you
will participate in one of those, um, conversations and you will discover a very
large rise on like, conversation network. But if you're dopamine bound, it's very difficult.
63:30 - 64:00 Yes. So actually we need to heal
people's dopamine addictions, uh, concurrently so that they move into this more, uh,
um, zen, uh, holistic human experience. And then obviously this is the type of social media that
I would prefer rather than clicks and likes and, and unexpect reward of, of some goat that claps
and falls down and a snake crawls under it. And woo, I never saw that before. Um,
64:00 - 64:30 which doesn't really give us much meaning
or depth or purpose to our lives Anyways. Oh yeah, definitely. In my phone I have, uh,
turned on the color filter. Uh, you can go to settings and choose color filters, so it's
almost entirely gray scale, just with a little hint of color, uh, so that the phone is never
more vivid than reality and it works wonders. Uh, so I cannot get pulled into the do
because, um, this, uh, Las Vegas thing, uh, this slot machine, uh, simply does
not give, uh, high enough, uh, rewards,
64:30 - 65:00 uh, when your phone is grayscale. Oh,
that's a great idea. Yes. I'm gonna do that starting today. It's called color
filter. I'm gonna do that. Mm-hmm. So, uh, moving on to a more serious topic, not that the
things we've been discussing aren't serious, but how might the events we're seeing
right now, especially in the United States, playing out with, uh, with big tech
and tech oligarchs, damage people's. Inherent trust in technology that might limit,
65:00 - 65:30 um, some of the opportunities you've been
describing. Um, what do you think about that? Yeah, so on one side, uh, we do
see that people are collectively feeling it's time to move past. Peak
polarization. On the other hand, uh, aside from like more people using say
blue sky or true social or signal or proton or things like that, um, there's yet
to be a very coherent movement out of the.
65:30 - 66:00 Big tech dominated social media landscape toward a
more pluralistic, uh, pro-social media landscape. That is true. So this is partly what we are trying
to achieve, uh, with this paper and advising the Project, Liberty Institute doing the TikTok
bid. But regardless of whether the TikTok goes to become a prosocial space, I do think that, uh,
there are pockets of good within those big tech. So the Bowling Green Experiment, for example, is
done by the Jigsaw Group within Google. So there,
66:00 - 66:30 the group within Google that try to work, uh,
in a prosocial way to counter the antisocial damage that the algorithm of say YouTube has
done to the society. Uh, far as I understand, the Community Forum, community Notes
team within Meta is doing a similar job. Um, and so it's not all. Black and
white, so to speak. Uh, everyone, uh, who look at these big tech CM monolith,
but what we're doing is that we're also
66:30 - 67:00 building a network between the people who
kind of act like conscience within those big tech so that we can band together
and build a horizontal social network. So I've heard you, uh, in a conversation with
our mutual friend, uh, Tristan Harris mm-hmm. Who introduced us. I've heard you use the phrase, the
most careful should win the prize. Mm-hmm. Yes. In reference to how our current systems incentivize
people and companies with dopamine and dollars,
67:00 - 67:30 et cetera. Can you unpack by what you
mean by that statement and how is your work, uh, creating those, those
mechanisms to incentivize care? Yeah, definitely. Uh, I would say it's not
just incentivizing care, it is also assisting and augmenting care because it is like very, um,
energy and time consuming, uh, to do care work. And, uh, a facilitator like realistically cannot
facilitate 450 people at once, even if they really
67:30 - 68:00 care a lot. There's some wet wear limitations,
uh, to the amount of care you can put. As a facilitator to a conversation. And so think
of, uh, like for like personal care. Sometime if you want to move, uh, people who are heavy and so
on, you can use a exoskeleton, uh, that does not automate away your work, but allow you to lift,
uh, better weights. Um, you, you can also think of cortico and similar conversation network
plurality, technologies like Exo, uh, cortex,
68:00 - 68:30 uh, that helps, uh, somebody who perform care
work like facilitation to make sense of more people or to close the loop slightly faster,
but it's not replacing, uh, the care workers. Um. To replace them would be like, you know,
sending my avatar to talk to your avatar and have AI summarize all the avatars and
have avatars be the mayor. It's like, you know, going to the gym and seeing the robot
lifting the weights, I'm sure very impressive,
68:30 - 69:00 but it does not help our civic muscles. So at this
care work, uh, pairs with the idea of assistive intelligence in that it cease the people to
people, promises people to people attention as the most important, the most cherished,
and then technology is just to foster it. So this is very eyeopening and, and exciting and, um, we've approached, um, what I call a
species level conversation. Mm-hmm. And almost
69:00 - 69:30 a rite of passage for our species at large.
And there's lots of countries in the world. Do you ever think that there's something unique
about Taiwan and the population of Taiwan, uh, and the culture that made it a more viable place
for these strategies and movements to take hold? Uh, is it, or is it, is it
uh, applicable anywhere? I think it's applicable anywhere. Uh, I
think Taiwan simply has to innovate along
69:30 - 70:00 these domain because all our people,
at least people above 40 years old, including myself, remember the martial law
and, uh, we've suffered, uh, the longest, uh, martial period, multiple
decades, uh, in the world. And so we know how it is like to have our
freedom of expression of assembly and moving and so on taken away. And so nobody want to
go back there. And so when we face. Such,
70:00 - 70:30 um, as you put it, uh, civilization skill,
um, threats, existential threats. We have no choice but to double down on freedom
because we cannot even suffer a little bit of democracy and freedom backsliding the
people simply would not put up with it. And so, uh, whichever solution we come up with
needs to be with the people, not just for the people. People do not accept this authoritarian
for the people rhetoric in Taiwan. But that's just
70:30 - 71:00 for, uh, the necessity to come up with these
ideas, to apply these ideas. You do not need the same configuration as Taiwan, and you do not
need the same, um, existential opportunity, uh, of like facing every day as potentially the,
you know, last day of democracy and so on. As we did since 1996 when we first voted
for our presidents and our not so friendly neighbors started, uh, missile trails. And so,
yes, so while it originates in Taiwan, it can
71:00 - 71:30 work everywhere. It's not just, you know, Finland
or Tokyo, California or Bowling Green or Oregon and so on. But it can also just be in your family,
in your school, um, and in your local community. So before becoming, uh, the Minister
of Digital Affairs in Taiwan, you were a very engaged youth activist.
Mm-hmm. Uh, and as I understand it, you were also a reverse mentor mm-hmm. In
the Taiwanese parliament. Yes. Which is a role for people under 35 to advise mm-hmm. Older
officials. Yes. So, in your opinion, what is the
71:30 - 72:00 role of young people today in governance
and in particip participatory democracy? Mm-hmm. And what lessons do you take
away from being now? Uh, both sides of the reverse mentor mentorship, uh, in Taiwan. I believe in intergenerational solidarity
where the young people sets the direction and the senior people provide the support
and resources on the Taiwanese participation
72:00 - 72:30 platform. The most active age groups are
the 17 years olds and the 70 years olds. Um, both have more time on their hands, I suppose,
uh, but also both care more about the oxy toin serotonin thing of sustainability rather than the
dopamine thing of the next quarter. Right? So. The idea is not to arbitrarily put
them kind of against each other,
72:30 - 73:00 but rather to find the common topics where
the younger people see a new possibility. But the more senior people have the wisdom
to see how that can be made possible, like the adjacent possible, how adjacent
really is that possibility. And so through reverse mentoring and through this kind
of intergenerational solidarity design, we incentivize the local social
entrepreneurs and so on, uh, to form the kind of leadership team that has different
generations, uh, in their board basically.
73:00 - 73:30 Uh, and so this I think is a great
way to heal. One of the most, um, you know, divisive thing currently in our society, which is the senior people with the resources
think that the society should go this way. And then the young people already with proof,
the society cannot sustain this way. Do you have any specific
recommendations, Audrey, on how mm-hmm. The listeners and viewers of this program can
create a better relationship with technology
73:30 - 74:00 as an average citizen, uh, who wants to be
informed and engaged with their governments, uh, and institutions. What, what advice do you have
on for the viewers to, to better use technology? Uh, on a personal level
color filter is really great. Uh, I've also seen people
using, uh, like a stylus, uh, or a keyboard or really anything
that is not a touch screen, and that also works great. So one of the two
can probably switch you off dopamine. So it's
74:00 - 74:30 creating a, it's, it's
creating a dopamine speed bump. Of sorts. Exactly, yes. So making sure that the
slot machine doesn't immediately respond to you, uh, to increase the latency, uh, and
reduce the bandwidth, so to speak. Uh, so yes, uh, it works, um, very reliably
for me and hopefully for you, uh, as well, uh, on the community, uh, level. Uh, one can in.
Encourage each other to try like more in-person
74:30 - 75:00 gatherings or synchronous online gatherings and
learn about active listening and facilitation. So the facilitation school that I use, uh, is dynamic
facilitation and focus conversation method. But you don't need to, uh, go into any particular
school, even in a meeting if you say, okay, now let's speak clockwise and now
let's speak counterclockwise. That can already break this defer to the
most senior highest status person. Uh, so that's the easiest facilitation method,
uh, that can be transmitted on a live show.
75:00 - 75:30 Uh, but there's a lot of facilitation
methods and so learn about it and also get into the community of, uh, open space
technology and other ways to scale this, uh, conversations and facilitation upward so that you
can scale not just horizontally, but also deeply. So you said there's a lots of different methods. Um, where would someone go
to learn about those methods? Yeah, you can, uh, search, uh,
for facilitation techniques, uh,
75:30 - 76:00 or group facilitation, and you will see pretty
much everything there is. Uh, or you can also, uh, reach out to your local facilitation groups
and enter some facilitated conversations selves. So, uh, this, this has been just
an amazing discussion because I, I realized the importance of this
topic, and I'm not even a novice in it. So I've learned, uh, quite a bit. Um, if
you could take your, um, open society, uh,
76:00 - 76:30 software, um, plurality hat off, and
just as a citizen of the world today, facing the poly crisis, um, and what
I refer to as the human predicament, what sort of advice do you have for,
for people being alive at this time? Being aware of the issues that we face and, and
the challenges just as a, as a human to human. Yeah, I think, um, a shared sense of
urgency, whether it's ecological or social,
76:30 - 77:00 and. Whichever in between, uh, I think
that helps people to build solidarity, to build this kind of care. Uh, that
makes it far easier for us to say, yeah, this is too much for just a single
person. I need your help, and vice versa. And then if we can keep asking each
other, okay, so what's your feeling, um, right now, uh, around these issues? And
if we can help each other by facilitating
77:00 - 77:30 conversations and uncovering uncommon
ground so that like active listening, you can, uh, entertain listening to
people who are very much unlike you. Maybe coming from very different
background, very different ideology, but if you can just listen for five minutes
without interrupting them. Even in your head, uh, and then repeat back what you have,
um, heard with clarifying questions, uh, also with curiosity and the other person take
turns and so on. Such simple practices of
77:30 - 78:00 literally facilitation with just two people
can really get us out of this domine loop. And the topics to explore together
again, is this shared urgency, this crisis feeling that I'm sure that all of
us have, um, at least some time during the day. With the possible exception of
maybe Daniel Schmucker. I don't know if I've ever listened to someone for
five minutes without interrupting them. Um, so I, I, I think it's good advice. What about
young people? I, I know you care deeply about
78:00 - 78:30 young humans, uh, because you were quite active
mm-hmm. Uh, in your younger years. What, what specific recommendations do you have for young
humans, uh, in my country, in your country, around the world listening to this, who become aware of
our economic, uh, social ecological, uh, problems? Yeah. Um, so certainly get organized.
Uh, and the young people of today knows
78:30 - 79:00 a lot about horizontal organization
of discovering a shared purpose and how those shared purpose can bring people
together. And so if you are organized. Then just as the Taiwanese 15 year olds,
you feel you are already a adult. You feel that you can already contribute
meaningfully to the agenda setting of the society. The Taiwanese people, even before they turned
18, started some of the most, uh, impactful,
79:00 - 79:30 uh, petitions. Uh, not just changing, you know,
the, uh, recycling or plastic straw policy or things like that on the ecological sense, but
also changed, uh, like their school schedule. So they go to school one hour later, uh, because
they prove that one more hour sleep is better for grace than one more hour of the study. And
the Ministry of Education just accepted that, uh, or, uh, even funding, uh, one of
the kind, uh, menstruation museum,
79:30 - 80:00 uh, in Taiwan and just slashed that
taboo from all the society in just. Two or three years and so on and so forth.
So any of these contributions, um, made, uh, cabinet level advisor, reverse mentor,
uh, status, uh, but even without a status, just organizing yourselves enable you to
have this kind of, uh, conversations that are societal scale. And again, organization
starts by listening, uh, towards shared purpose.
80:00 - 80:30 And I recommend, um, people power, uh, from
Marshall Guns, uh, on how to get organized. So I have a couple, uh, closing questions
that I ask, uh, all my guests. I hope you don't mind it. I know it's approaching, uh,
midnight mm-hmm. Uh, in where you are. Um, what do you care most about in the world, Audrey?
I care the most about our ability to care. Thank you. Um. If you could wave a magic wand, what is one thing you would do to
improve human and planetary futures? I
80:30 - 81:00 would make sure that, uh, anytime people speak
of utilitarian, uh, logic, uh, they automatically have some care or virtue or, uh, spiritual, really
whichever edition, uh, Intuit. So, uh, a little bit of infusion or inception, uh, of a different
ethics into the current utilitarian logic. And that, uh, as we have been
observing is what we've been doing,
81:00 - 81:30 uh, for the past hour and a half. Jao? Yes. Um. So what are you working
on now and what are you most, uh, enthusiastic about? Mm-hmm.
That, that you can share? Yeah, so, um, I'm going to South by
Southwest, uh, in a couple days from now. And, uh, my short biopic, uh, good enough
ancestor, uh, will be premiered, uh, online. Good enough, ancestor. I love that.
81:30 - 82:00 Yes. Uh, and, um, so potentially also working
on the film links, uh, adaptation. Uh, but yeah, I encourage you to check out good enough
ancestor, uh, go how, as we say in Mandarin, because if we were perfect, we actually robbed
the future, uh, from the creativity and the canvas. But if we're just good enough, then
we can make peace with future generations. I love it. I love it. If you were to come
back on this show sometime in the future, 6, 9, 12 months from now, what is one topic,
um, that is relevant to our future that you
82:00 - 82:30 are personally passionate about that you
would like to take a deep dive on? So we talked about, uh, this idea of a vertical
takeoff singularity when it comes to ai, and we also talk about this horizontal care
based diffusion of capabilities of plurality. So a deep dive of how these two directions
work with each other, against each other. Uh,
82:30 - 83:00 the dynamic between those two approaches,
I think we can do a deep dive on it. Awesome. Um, this has been great. Audrey, do you
have any closing words, uh, for our viewers today? Yeah, definitely. So I often quote, uh, from
my favorite, uh, singer songwriter Lena Cohen, on the importance of being just
good enough but not perfect. Because if you're perfect, there's no way
to say I need help, and no way for others to express care. So to quote Lena Cohen, um,
my favorite stanza from Anthem goes like this,
83:00 - 83:30 ring the bells that still can ring. Forget
your perfect offering. There's a crack, a crack in everything, and
that's how the light gets in. Thank you for your time today and for your
very important work and, uh, to be continued, my friend. Thank you. Take care. Take good care.
If you enjoyed or learned from this episode of the
83:30 - 84:00 Great Simplification, please follow us on your
favorite podcast platform. You can also visit the great simplification.com for references
and show notes from today's conversation. And to connect with fellow listeners
of this podcast, check out our Discord channel. This show is hosted by me, Nate
Hagens, edited by No Troublemakers Media, and produced by Misty Stinnett. Leslie
Balu, Brady Hayan, and Lizzie Sir.