Hydraulics (1936)

Summary

The video "Hydraulics (1936)" by the US Auto Industry delves into the fascinating principles and applications of hydraulic power. It begins with a captivating introduction showcasing the power of Niagara Falls, illustrating the concept of hydraulic energy. The core principle explored is that liquids cannot be compressed, allowing for the transmission of power through hydraulic systems. Various examples, including cotton bailing, precision in long-range guns, and modern car brakes, highlight the versatility and reliability of hydraulics. The video underscores the intricate design and engineering behind hydraulic systems, emphasizing their pivotal role in technological advancements in the industrial and automotive sectors.

Highlights

• A million tons of water from Niagara Falls generate hydraulic power to light cities and run factories 🌊
• Liquids transmit power as they can't be compressed, demonstrated by simple piston systems 💡
• Hydraulic systems multiply power, crucial for cotton bailing and precise artillery operations 🏭
• Modern car brakes rely on hydraulic systems for smooth and uniform application 🚗
• Durability and precision in hydraulic systems define their effectiveness in technology 🔧

Key Takeaways

• Liquids can't be compressed, making them ideal for transferring power in hydraulic systems 💧
• Hydraulic energy from Niagara Falls powers numerous cities and factories 🌊
• Hydraulic systems enhance precision and power in industries like cotton bailing and artillery 🎯
• Car brakes utilize hydraulic systems for uniform and efficient stopping 🛑
• The reliability of hydraulics is crucial in modern engineering and technology 🏗️

Overview

Imagine the roar of Niagara Falls not just as a natural wonder but as a powerhouse for industries! The video "Hydraulics (1936)" introduces viewers to the incredible energy harnessed from water, turning it into a force that lights up cities and powers factories. This fascinating look at hydraulics begins with the basic principle that liquids can’t be compressed, a law of nature that allows for the seamless transfer of power.

The video goes on to describe various applications of hydraulic power, from bailing cotton in the South with precision to the careful aim of long-range guns. It showcases a simple yet effective demonstration of hydraulic systems using pistons, illustrating how pressure applied at one end is transferred powerfully and accurately to other points—an essential for both industry and defense.

Finally, we delve into the modern uses of hydraulic systems in automobile technology, specifically car brakes. This section highlights the necessity for precision and uniform force in stopping power, ensuring cars have the safety and control needed on the roads. The reliability and efficiency of hydraulic systems are portrayed as key contributors to the advancements in engineering and technology we rely on today.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 01:30: Introduction to Hydraulics The chapter 'Introduction to Hydraulics' opens with a vivid depiction of the immense power of Niagara Falls. It emphasizes the sheer volume of water cascading over the brink, approximately a million tons, which then plummets 212 feet below. This powerful torrent of water strikes the blades of massive turbines, generating enough horsepower to illuminate 275 cities.
• 01:30 - 03:00: Basic Principles of Hydraulic Systems This chapter focuses on the fundamental principles underpinning hydraulic systems. It highlights a key natural law critical to the functionality of these systems: liquids are incompressible. This means that when a liquid is placed in a confined space, such as a pipe, the volume of the liquid cannot be reduced. This property allows liquids to effectively transmit power across different mechanisms. The text uses an example of towns, villages, and factory motors to demonstrate the practicality of this principle in real-world applications.
• 03:00 - 04:30: Hydraulic Multiplication of Power The chapter details the concept of hydraulic multiplication of power. It explains that in a simple hydraulic system, when one plunger is activated, it transfers force to another plunger through the hydraulic transfer of power. Because liquids cannot be compressed, the force is efficiently transferred regardless of bends in the pipe, allowing the force to travel around corners unchanged.
• 04:30 - 06:00: Applications in Industry and Defense The chapter discusses the principles of mechanical systems and how pressure and motion are transmitted through pistons. It explains the relationship between input and output in piston systems, highlighting how force exerted in one area is distributed across multiple pistons to achieve desired movements or pressures in industrial and defense applications.
• 06:00 - 07:30: Hydraulic Systems in Automobiles This chapter explores the functioning of hydraulic systems in automobiles, explaining their foundational principles, such as force multiplication. It provides an example whereby moving a small piston down results in the rise of a larger piston with greater force yet less distance traveled, illustrating the core concept of hydraulic mechanisms. Additionally, it discusses the application of these systems in commercial and industrial settings, including the use of hydraulic presses in cotton baling.
• 07:30 - 09:00: Brake System Effectiveness In the chapter titled 'Brake System Effectiveness', the discussion focuses on the importance of precision in the operation of Uncle Sam's Long Range Guns. Emphasizing not only power and reliability, these guns require exceptional accuracy—specifically within one-thousandth of an inch. The hydraulic system employed is akin to stage machinery, which operates methodically and is precisely timed to achieve such exactness.

Hydraulics (1936) Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 [Music] over the brink of Niagara Falls a million tons of water pour and 212 ft below the mighty Torrent Falls against the blades of huge turbin creating horsepower to light 275 cities
• 00:30 - 01:00 towns and Villages and run the motors of thousands of factories this ability of liquids to transmit power comes from one important natural law you can't push a liquid together or compress it into a smaller space that it already occupies if you take a piece of ordinary pipe and fill it with liquid and put a plunger at both both ends any blow on
• 01:00 - 01:30 one plunger sends the other plunger flying out liquids can't be compressed so here's what happens inside the power of your blow is transferred to the other plunger by hydraulic transfer of power this is the simplest kind of hydraulic system bending the pipe doesn't affect this transfer of power at all it goes around corners just the same
• 01:30 - 02:00 when one plunger is pushed down an inch the other end comes up an inch and a pound of pressure exerted at one end is transmitted to the other suppose we have four Pistons at one end and only one at the other now when the single piston travels 4 in each of the four at the other end travels 1 in a large piston of the same area
• 02:00 - 02:30 behaves the same as four smaller Pistons moving the small piston down 4 in carries the large piston up only 1 in but with four times the force applied this is the principle on which commercial and Industrial hydraulic systems are based down in Dixie billions of pounds of cotton are bailed up every year by the power of hydraulic presses
• 02:30 - 03:00 with Uncle Sam's Long Range Guns not only are power and reliability needed but minute Precision is required Precision that aims these Mammoth guns within limits of one 1,000th of an inch hydraulically the hydraulic Stage Works by the same method and times its queue
• 03:00 - 03:30 right on the nose with the reliability of an oldtime actor this model is a hydraulic system which shows how the hydraulic press multiplies power this is the pump this tube holds the liquid through which the power is transmitted and these four cylinders at the other end receive the power the movement of the large piston compresses or crushes anything put in the press the hydraulic stage operates
• 03:30 - 04:00 with the same reliable elements the accurate hydraulic transmission screw in the coast defense guns is more complicated but but in
• 04:00 - 04:30 principle it is the same as the lift and the press in any hydraulic system regardless of how many cylinders are attached to a master cylinder each of the small cylinders receives the same amount of pressure and moves the same distance as the others this principle is used in the latest application of hydraulic transfer of power stopping the Modern Motor Car the master cylinder is placed under the brake pedal and a power
• 04:30 - 05:00 cylinder is put in the brake of each wheel now when you press down on the brake pedal each of the four power Pistons is forced an equal distance against the brake shoes pressing them
• 05:00 - 05:30 uniformly against the brake drum the shoes are hinged in such a way that the entire lining contacts the drum throughout the life of the car no grab at the top or bottom smooth even taking hold by the entire shoe surface these are the brake shoes of a new car let's paint this pair black and examine the wear they take
• 05:30 - 06:00 note the even grip on the shoes in the first 20 miles perfect contact at 5,000 miles and after 20,000 miles
• 06:00 - 06:30 Uniform Wear and still good for many more for durability the Linings must be hard uniform and unaffected by moisture all else being equal long life and effectiveness of the brake depend on the amount of material contacting the drum brake drums must be wide and large in diameter
• 06:30 - 07:00 smoothly machined on the inside a car that takes 90 horsepower to go from a dead start to 60 mph in 20 seconds can stop in 4 seconds but it takes 450 horsepower in the brakes the final safety and control of the car depends on the construction of the brake itself it is the brake itself that stops the car not the hydraulic control
• 07:00 - 07:30 perfected hydraulic control transmits the power from the foot pedal to the brake itself and gives you the sure quick stopping safety of the modern [Music] automobile