Lecture 51 Dew Computing

Summary

In this lecture from NPTEL IIT Kharagpur, the concept of dew computing is discussed in relation to other computing paradigms like cloud, fog, and edge computing. Dew computing emphasizes providing services locally through personal devices, even without constant internet connectivity. The lecture highlights the structure of dew computers and the synchronization challenges involved. Examples such as Dropbox illustrate its functionality, enabling work without a permanent internet connection and synchronizing with cloud services once connectivity resumes. The lecture also explores various dew computing models and their applications, while addressing challenges such as power management, processor utility, and data storage.

Highlights

• Dew computing operates locally without constant internet, syncing data later. 🚀
• Dropbox is a prime example, offering local and cloud data access. ☁️
• A major advantage is reduced dependency on network connections, offering uninterrupted services. 🔗
• Challenges include managing power and data storage efficiently on various devices. 💾
• Dew computing fits well with edge and IoT devices, facilitating operations at device level. 🤖

Key Takeaways

• Dew computing enables offline functionality and syncs with the cloud when connectivity resumes. 🌐
• Examples like Dropbox illustrate dew computing by allowing local data access and later synchronization. 📁
• Dew computing emphasizes independence from network connectivity, enhancing user experience. ✨
• Challenges include power management and data storage in low-resource devices. 🔋
• Dew computing is ideal for devices at the lower hierarchy, from edge to IoT modules. 📱

Overview

Dew computing is an exciting paradigm that minimizes reliance on constant internet connectivity by allowing local devices to perform tasks and sync data once reconnected. This enables smoother and more flexible usage for end users, who can continue working without the anxiety of interrupted internet service.

The lecture uses Dropbox as a case study to illustrate dew computing principles, showing how users can access and work on files locally. This paradigm is particularly suited for applications needing reliable service even when offline, making it relevant for a variety of resource-constrained environments.

Despite its advantages, dew computing faces challenges, especially in terms of power management and data handling on lower-resource devices like smartphones and IoT gadgets. However, its ability to function under restricted connectivity makes it a compelling choice for modern smart infrastructures.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction to Dew Computing This chapter serves as an introduction to dew computing, addressing its relationship with cloud computing paradigms. The discussion provides an overview of basic concepts within dew computing. Though starting with a generic mention of computing paradigms, the focus quickly narrows to dew computing, highlighting its aspects and relevance.
• 00:30 - 02:00: Overview and Features of Dew Computing The chapter provides an overview of Dew Computing, discussing its basic features, various applications, and broad architecture. It also delves into the challenges that Dew Computing faces in the current technological landscape.
• 02:00 - 05:30: Dew Computing and Cloud Computing Paradigm The chapter titled 'Dew Computing and Cloud Computing Paradigm' discusses widely-used services like Dropbox, which is primarily used for storage. It highlights how Dropbox can be accessed and synced regardless of the presence of an internet connection, indicating its versatility and ease of use.
• 05:30 - 10:00: Core Concepts of Dew Computing The chapter delves into the core concepts of Dew Computing, described as a model where local storage services operate in synergy with cloud storage. It likens it to services like Dropbox, which maintain a local instance accessible without an internet connection. The chapter emphasizes the distinction and benefits of Dew Computing for users familiar with cloud computing.
• 10:00 - 15:00: Dew Computing Model The chapter discusses the Dew Computing model, emphasizing a major challenge related to internet connectivity. It highlights that uninterrupted internet connectivity is crucial for operations, and if lost, it impedes work. Dropbox is cited as an example of Dew Computing, where a local instance is maintained, functioning similarly to a local virtual machine, allowing continuity in operations despite connectivity issues.
• 15:00 - 20:00: Synchronization and Collaboration in Dew Computing This chapter delves into the integration of synchronization and collaboration features in Dew Computing systems. It explores how systems like Dropbox deliver data-level services and maintain synchronization with the cloud whenever a connection is available. The chapter positions the Internet as the central element in the broader Dew Computing paradigm, highlighting its binding role across various services and connectivity perspectives.
• 20:00 - 25:00: Architecture of Dew Computing Systems The chapter discusses various computing paradigms related to cloud computing, such as mobile ad hoc computing, fog computing, edge computing, and more. It focuses particularly on the concept of dew computing and explores its architecture and significance.
• 25:00 - 30:00: Examples and Application Areas of Dew Computing The chapter discusses various examples and application areas of dew computing, emphasizing the need for reliable network connectivity. It highlights potential issues that can arise when connectivity is lost, affecting service accessibility for specific purposes.
• 30:00 - 35:00: Challenges in Dew Computing This chapter delves into the concept of Dew Computing, a novel computing paradigm that integrates the fundamental principles of cloud computing with the functionalities of end-user devices such as personal computers and mobile phones. Although the core philosophy remains consistent, various perspectives on Dew Computing exist within the literature. The chapter explores these perspectives, highlighting the unique attributes and potential applications of Dew Computing in different activity areas.
• 35:00 - 40:00: Conclusion and References The chapter discusses the advantages of leveraging the capabilities of end devices to enhance user experience as opposed to solely depending on cloud computing. Using devices in conjunction with the cloud, as exemplified by Dropbox, allows users to operate more effectively without constant connectivity requirements.

Lecture 51 Dew Computing Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 [Music] hello so today discuss about some of the computing paradigms more specifically today we will discuss about due computing paradigm which are some of the related cloud computing related computing paradigms so in this thing what we will discuss about that overview or what is the basic ah concept of this
• 00:30 - 01:00 do computing what are the basic features ah this different type of applications and ah a broad architecture of the due right and definitely also will end up with the the type of challenges due computing ah is facing right or what are the different challenges out there right so ah if we see ah your
• 01:00 - 01:30 today most of us are used with different type of services like one of the popular services is dropbox right where we use as a storage primarily for storage purpose and we have ah also experience whether the ah whether there is a ah internet connection is there or not your dropbox folder is primarily synced is available for your purpose and at a
• 01:30 - 02:00 local level or in other sense ah it is a something as a storage as a service which is synced with that in the with the cloud or storage where wherever the dropbox is there but it has also a local instance right ah or what we say which is which can be accessed even if the connection is not there so rather if you those who are working with cloud computing somewhere other we have all have experience of this cloud compute thing so one of the
• 02:00 - 02:30 major challenge is the ah this your reliable or continuous ah uninterrupted internet connectivity if the connectivity is lost then you cannot able to do something right it do your work so do is try to have so dropbox is an example of ah new computing where you have a local instance for that matter what we say some sort of a local sort of a due virtual machine is
• 02:30 - 03:00 installed in your systems which ah not only allow you provide you services whatever the services provides for in case of dropbox the type of data level services and also it sync with the cloud as and when it gets the connectivity right so ah so if you look at the overall ah big picture of the computing paradigm taken from this particular ah paper ah so the internet is the binding things right
• 03:00 - 03:30 so though though the major this paradigm is the cloud computing but there are different allied paradigm like mobile ad hoc computing ah fog computing edge computing cloud late computing mobile cloud computing ah mobile age computing and of course there is a concept called due computing right ah so we will be looking into little bit more into this due computing ah paradigm how
• 03:30 - 04:00 things works right so but nevertheless for all all these ah scenarios what we require is primarily is ah this reliable or ah constant network connectivity if the connectivity is lost then we face problem in getting the services for the from that particular particular ah purpose or particular
• 04:00 - 04:30 activity application areas now due computing also referred to as this has different perspective or you can see that if you find the literature ah there are different way of looking at it right though the basic philosophy is same ah but different so it is a computing paradigm that combines the core concept of cloud computing definitely with the capability of the end devices right so personal computers mobile phones etcetera so which comes at the end devices try to
• 04:30 - 05:00 leverage on the this capabilities of the end devices right it is used to enhance the experience of the end user in comparison to only using the cloud computing so ah say i have like if you again refer to this ah this our dropbox example so the storage could have been the cloud i get the connectivity i work on the things right so that has requires a constant connectivity and but i have that thing
• 05:00 - 05:30 if i have a some sort of a ah virtual instance of that dropbox in my system or having the so i ca what i can do i can still work on the thing whenever this whenever the connectivity is there is sync right so it it goes on syncing with the back end ah cloud infrastructure right so it ah enhance the experience so it is rather gives more smooth experience to the end user right and the and the as the name
• 05:30 - 06:00 suggest also from the cloud is far above then we come down to something called ah fog and then when we come to the dew we are basically at the ground level right or at the device level so d du computing as we are discussing attempts to solve one of the major challenge ah in case of a cloud computing thing is that reliance or on this network access so
• 06:00 - 06:30 constant or ubiquitous uninterrupted network connectivity ah that that we can get rid of right or it it ah we should not say get rid of we it even it works when the connectivity is not there right so ah other let us see that what are the different way of looking at it so it is a computing model for enabling ubiquitous pervasive
• 06:30 - 07:00 convenient ready to go plug-in facility empowered personal network and include single hyper hybrid peer to peer communication link right so i can have one kind of communication link with the rest of the world or the cloud but however i can work out here so primary goal to access a pool of raw data equipped with ah metadata that can be rapidly created edited stored and deleted with minimal ah internet management effort that means
• 07:00 - 07:30 can be also done with a in a offline mode right so that is ah one of the primary goal so also to utilize this all functionalities of cloud computing network users are heavily dependent on the network connectivity of that time which due computing tries to ah facilitate that even without network connectivity things can work so little bit ah jumbled up means too many too many lines on this slide but
• 07:30 - 08:00 let us go little slowly and try to have the whole thing in a bundle right so its a paradigm which is user centric right and highly flexible and personalized supported applications are prioritized right it is located very close to the devices right or end devices and it is the ah sort of a looked as a iot for cloud continuum right so it it is ah
• 08:00 - 08:30 if we see the iot for cloud continuum so it is the first thing from the user end we which you [Music] attempt to ah interact with right so its a micro service based computing paradigm rather in several literature they primarily focus on these aspects with vertically distributed hierarchy right you have a hierarchy things on the on the up in the ladder so it comprises of smart devices like it can be smartphone it can be smart watches ah it can be tablets and even
• 08:30 - 09:00 other any our laptop and other devices located at the edge of the network to connect to the end devices right ah collect and process iot sense data and offer other services right the services in due are relatively available ah and it is not mandatory to have ah permanent internet so the new services are ah mostly ah always sort of always available and you
• 09:00 - 09:30 may not have the always the network connect tbt right so in other sense ah this ah it ah allows you to work when the connectivity is not there it is it is not to be seen that without connectivity you still sink etcetera so that it requires like those who have used things like ah dropbox google drive and type of things you have seen that it still require you need to sync the data right so this is a micro
• 09:30 - 10:00 service based which means that it does not depend on any centralized server or cloud center cloud data centers right so it is one of the other thing is that is a micro service based operation so it is does not depend on any centralized control or dc cloud dc type of things right though it requires to sync with the this cloud infrastructure or cloud data center but it is not ah dependent on fully on that
• 10:00 - 10:30 so dc does not rely on centralized computing devices nor a permanent network connectivity to work on right so typical example as we are telling dropbox is an example of the due computing paradigm ah as it provides access to the files for the folders in the cloud in addition to keeping copies in the local device so whenever the connection is not there then also user can access those right allows a user to access files you during times without an
• 10:30 - 11:00 internet connectivity when the connection is established again the files folders are sync back to the cloud server so that is the thing and those ah most of our have are used to this type of system so we can have ah this ah this type of ah paradigm which allows you to work when the connectivity or the cloud connections is not there right in some
• 11:00 - 11:30 cases it so also so happen that it is not only that connectivity is lost it may save your ah energy in a or ah overall costing in a big way because you do not you do not want to connect you want to work and then you connect when you get a favorable connections or high bandwidth connections things like that right so you don't have to be always connected with the things right with the ah cloud backend so it is
• 11:30 - 12:00 obvious the key features are ah independence and collaborations right like like if you see in case of a dropbox we are falling back to the example of the dropbox because ah we are used to it and we see these features directly ah we have used those features right one is that it is independence like from the connectivity and things like that so means that the local device must be able to provide service without continuous connection to the internet so
• 12:00 - 12:30 it is independent like you have some file in the dropbox you work on that file even the connection is not there still you can work and collaboration means the application must be able to connect to the cloud service and synchronize with the data when appropriate things are there right it should be done on a ah means sort of a automated mode quote unquote automated mode you do not have to forcefully sink you may opt for that options like force policies additionally there can be a lot of other things ah
• 12:30 - 13:00 which we can enable like what we say sharing of the data based on ah some role based control right so we ah we can share with some or say role or rule based accesses right i say that this both these are at all those things so as we discussed you ah reflects the natural phenomena clouds are far from from the ground fog is closer to the ground and you do is on the ground right analogically cloud computing is remote
• 13:00 - 13:30 service for ah computing beside the user and due computing at the user system or user premise or user end itself right so that that ah it attempts to give those type of service so ah there are several model and some of the typical applications like one is infrastructure as a as due like ah local
• 13:30 - 14:00 device is dynamically supported by the cloud services like ah icloud and things like that which is ah is a infrastructure as a due sometime known as iad software in due right the configuration and ah ownership of the software saved in that particular platform so that is that is saved in the means cloud whereas this we have those things at the like typical
• 14:00 - 14:30 example are your google play store or app store and these are the things which are there platform induced a software development suit must be installed on the local device with the settings and application ah data synchronized to the clouds services so github is one of the one such example which are we are using ah this sort of ah
• 14:30 - 15:00 infrastructure there are other service model like storage like what you indue like storage of local devices partially are fully copied to the cloud right so one is the dropbox google drive um these are some of the examples and webindue a local device must ah possesses a duplicated ah fraction of the www or worldwide wave
• 15:00 - 15:30 that is the wave in ah what we consider means is the wave in due right so these are the several ah applications ah several service models which do computing paradigms try to ah leverage on right so ah what we see ah considering this so i have several services like storage ah
• 15:30 - 16:00 platform software infrastructure along with that webindue or you can have your own other type of applications which we can have that on ah realized on the new platform so now looking at the broad architecture so what we see one side what we require is the cloud right so which need to be synced with a either a single hybrid p2p communication link which whenever the connection is there
• 16:00 - 16:30 it is there other side you have ah iot devices and sensors where the data are being collected right and you have a a ah due ah framework in your host system often referred to as due virtual machine or dv ah dvm right in some of the literature you will find that do virtual machine which must have a new server which is the ah core of the thing along with that there is a new
• 16:30 - 17:00 client program which interacts with the client there can be a due dbms which due database which helps in storing the data in a in a more organized way and there are new client services ah which provide services to the there there can be some of the other things like in some places you will see that there are some of the means intelligent ah
• 17:00 - 17:30 tools and techniques which takes care of the things there are because it need to learn that what sort of the data access and configure the things at the at the due end right so there are different module ah ai model or other things may come but these are the things what we expect that that you will have so one is that interfacing with the client services another is that server do sync with the
• 17:30 - 18:00 cloud server based on the connectivity and the type of data being exchanged and this need of the data of the exchange etcetera so to establish a cloud due architecture on a local machine a due virtual machine is needed right some sort of a this ah do virtual machine or do sys that particular due system need to be installed like what we do ah we need to install the dropbox at our end right and dvm is an isolated environment for
• 18:00 - 18:30 executing the due server on the local system so it is a isolated independent environment right to run the new server at the local system it has the capability of syncing with the other end cloud system right so if you look at the basic function of the new server to serve user with the requested services through that client services module and things like
• 18:30 - 19:00 that and to perform synchronization and correlate between the local data and remote data right so to perform the synchronization and correlate between the local data and the remote data so these are the things which are by the due server so attempt to achieve ah three goals one is data replication data distribution and synchronization right so these are the things it attempt to look at it so need to serve the user end and need to synchronize at the other end right so
• 19:00 - 19:30 this is the one of the means basic goal of the things there are other housekeeping work like based on if the data is being especially in case of a storage it is the data is being ah changing or being updated deleted things so how overall organization will be data organization within the new
• 19:30 - 20:00 database or data repository has to be looked into right so those are the things which the server takes care so ah now let us see some of the ah categories or broad application areas right so one is the wave in the due like possesses a duplicate fraction of the world wide wave or a modified copy of the fraction to satisfy the independence
• 20:00 - 20:30 feature right so because this fraction synchronizes with the wave it satisfies the collaboration between feature of the new computing right so this this is one of the aspects which is which need to support like ah wave in the due is one category like you have a fraction of the ah worldwide wave into your local systems which you need to work on it there are storage in the due already we have seen that the storage of the local device is partially or fully copied to the cloud right based on the things need
• 20:30 - 21:00 to be copied since the user can access the files at any time without the need of constant internet connection or connectivity ah the category this particular category or application area ah meets the independence feature of the new computing right storage in due or sid also meets the collaboration feature because the folder and its contents automatically synchronize with the cloud service as we are discussing so it is both
• 21:00 - 21:30 independence and collaborating features what we see is ah there whereas in the web ah though it is a synchronized with the wave in the wid also it synchronize with the wave and it satisfy the collaboration feature of the ah due the other thing is the database hindu ah the local device and the cloud both store copies of the same database right so one of these two database is considered the main version and can be defined as
• 21:30 - 22:00 such the database administrator which is the primary version of the database and where other one which you need to be synced this service ah increases reliability of a database as one of the databases can be act as a backup to the other so by default it has a backup server db server of the system it works on so we have webindue storage in due database hindu right so these are the ah typical ah scenarios what we are ah
• 22:00 - 22:30 there there are few more one is software in due as we are as we seen in the couple of slide before so the configuration and ownership of the software are saved in the cloud right so examples include this apple app store or google play where the application where the application the user installs are saved to their accounts can be installed on any device linked to their
• 22:30 - 23:00 account right so this is the way it works right so it is a software in the due there can be platform in the due like software development suit must be installed on the local device with the settings and application data synchronized to the cloud service it must be able to synchronize the development data data deployment this system deployment data and online backups so like one example those who are working with github may find
• 23:00 - 23:30 this thing very ah natural what you are doing right ah like it should be must be able to synchronize ah development data system deployment data and online ah backups so that is that what we say platform in due right or pid and finally the infrastructure as ah due or iad local device are dynamically supported by the cloud
• 23:30 - 24:00 services right iid can come in different form but there are some of the popular forms the local device can have exact ah duplicate dvm like what we have discussed that is a new virtual machine instant in the cloud which is always kept in the same state at the local instance whenever the connectivity is there or it can be the local device can have all its settings data saved in the cloud including system setting data and data
• 24:00 - 24:30 for each application so it depends on how things works but we can have that infra infrastructure as a ah as a due so what we see that the there are different categories of ah do computing paradigm starting from infrastructure platform software and also things like that web in due storage indue and database in due
• 24:30 - 25:00 so there are several categories what we can see into this type of applications so what are the there are challenges or there are several challenges thing one is definitely the power management right so ah what should be the if based on your different categories and application area how the power management is done is definitely a serious challenge
• 25:00 - 25:30 right other thing is the processor ah utility ah like as on the local system so it is using the processor along with other services so what is the processor utility is makes a ah makes a ah important aspects right so other is the data storage like ah because you need to store the data and and also need to sync with the cloud so
• 25:30 - 26:00 there are different issues like especially how much data you have subscribed to and also how much data you require from the local infrastructure or local system so those are ah need to be appropriately looked into not only having the subscription on the cloud storage but also you need to have equivalent things you may be in the local systems right as such it is not
• 26:00 - 26:30 very challenging if you have a laptop or desktop but it may be challenging when you are using the same thing in some of the low resource ah devices right ah like it may be even mobile devices or other type of ah devices when you are using then it may be a ah say smart watch as so so that may be a challenge viability of the operating system so based where the ah your due virtual machine is running so what sort of
• 26:30 - 27:00 operating system underlining you it supports or it can run on is there programming ah principles that is also another ah challenge that what how how much configurable or how much what type of services you can provide based on the thing and also it comes as it also definitely a security on information or database security is a concern because
• 27:00 - 27:30 it is now exposed to the that system and other services can whether it can access this data and others means due data the data stored in the due or not those are the things so that is there so these are some of the challenges where new computing paradigm which what the new computing paradigm ah faces ah while going while providing flexibility in
• 27:30 - 28:00 terms of independence and collaboration things like that right and now if we again come back to this big picture where the due enabled computing may be helpful one so if you look at the whole ah stack so at the top we have the cloud server then we have actually we can have fog servers or here we refer to as edge
• 28:00 - 28:30 server so fog devices then we can have age devices smart devices and smart iot modules right so these are the different layers of ah or hierarchy of ah this different type of category of servers and systems right so due enabled computing can be realized at the lower hierarchy starting from age to smart device to smart iot modules so at
• 28:30 - 29:00 this end we can enable this thing in the new computing so those are those still work when the connectivity is not there right so based on that last synchronized data it it can work and you can update and work on the things and get the services whatever is there and then sync with the upper layers as and when the connectivity is ah available ok so ah so this what we see that is the ah
• 29:00 - 29:30 overall how do you play a big a platform on the things so what we try to look into today's discussion is that that whether we can have we can bring down the computing already we brought down to this fog we have seen that how fog and age now bringing to to the ground that means to the device level where it can provide ah some ah independent services or provide some
• 29:30 - 30:00 independent micro services irrespective whether the connectivity is there or not right so so it it facilitates the end users with a continuous ah service provisioning right that is important like ah it provides the services even if the connectivity is not there and on the other hand whenever the connectivity is there it allow it it allows to sync with the ah
• 30:00 - 30:30 with the cloud infrastructure so that that is a one way one good part of this ah or one advantage of this due computing and ah it can be labor it can be enabled at ah at the lower levels with this new ah with this ah particular ah philosophy of new computing paradigm ok so with this ah let us let us
• 30:30 - 31:00 inda was discussed in today's discussion there are a few references so you may have a look on those references right and so let us conclude our discussion we will continue with other aspects of cloud computing in our next class thank you