Milgram experiment 1963

Summary

The Milgram experiment, conducted by psychologist Stanley Milgram in 1963, set out to explore how individuals respond to authority. Participants believed they were part of a memory improvement study, where 'teachers' would administer electric shocks to 'learners' for incorrect answers. Unbeknownst to the participants, the learners were actors and the shocks were fake. Despite the apparent distress of the learners, two-thirds of the participants continued to administer increasing shocks when instructed by an authority figure. This startling willingness to obey authority figures, even to the point of causing harm, echoed the compliance seen in historical atrocities, demonstrating that ordinary people could commit acts against their conscience when under pressure from perceived legitimate authority.

Highlights

• Stanley Milgram's experiment tested how authority influences obedience in people. 👨‍🔬
• Participants unknowingly administered fake shocks to actors posing as learners. 🎭
• Despite visible distress, many continued giving shocks under authority orders. 📊
• The study demonstrated potential for ordinary people to commit harmful acts when directed by authority. 🚨
• Milgram's results were shocking, prompting ethical discussions and societal reflection. 🗣️

Key Takeaways

• The Milgram experiment was about obedience to authority, revealing unsettling truths about human nature. 👮‍♂️
• Participants believed they were part of a study on memory and were instructed to give electric shocks. ⚡
• Two-thirds of participants obeyed authority figures, even when they believed they were harming others. 😮
• The experiment highlighted how ordinary individuals could be led to commit acts against their conscience. 🤔
• Milgram's findings caused widespread shock and reconsideration of moral behavior in society. 😳

Overview

In the early 1960s, Stanley Milgram conducted a groundbreaking experiment that would forever change our understanding of human behavior and authority. Participants volunteering for a study on memory improvement were instead unwittingly plunged into a psychological trial of obedience. They were asked to act as 'teachers', administering what they thought were real electric shocks to 'learners' when wrong answers were given in a word game. Despite the apparent pain and protests from the learners, instructed shocks increased in intensity, revealing disturbing truths about obedience.

The results were astounding: two-thirds of participants continued to administer shocks, even when the voltage appeared dangerously high, following the instructions of an authoritative figure in a lab coat. This costume played a critical role in their compliance, exemplifying the power of perceived legitimate authority. The learners, however, were actors, and their supposed distress was a ruse, yet the 'teachers' were convinced and willing to continue the task, even against their better judgement.

Milgram's experiment shed light on a dark aspect of human nature: the potential to obey instructions against one's moral beliefs when under the influence of authority. The parallels drawn with the actions of individuals in oppressive regimes like the Nazis prompted a societal reevaluation of obedience, conscience, and responsibility. The experiment sparked debates on ethical experimentation practices and left an indelible mark on psychology and society at large.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Background of Milgram Experiment Psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to examine obedience to authority, motivated by events like the Holocaust. Volunteers were misled to believe they were participating in research to enhance memory.
• 00:30 - 01:00: Experiment Setup In the chapter 'Experiment Setup', the setup for an experiment is described where a teacher is involved in a word game with a learner. The teacher, separated by a screen, is instructed to administer an electric shock for each incorrect answer given by the learner, with the voltage being increased with each wrong answer. The example provided suggests that the learner's response 'house' to the prompt 'cloud, horse, rock' was incorrect and was followed by an increase to 50 volts after a subsequent wrong answer of 'horse'.
• 01:00 - 01:30: Participant's Responses The chapter titled 'Participant's Responses' revolves around an experiment where participants are subjected to a stressful scenario. The transcript describes a situation where a participant is expressing distress, wanting to exit the experiment, and questioning the ethics of continuing. The participant is told by the experimenter to continue, despite expressing a refusal to proceed and concern for the well-being of another individual referred to as the learner. It's revealed that the learner is actually an actor and the shocks they receive are harmless. The discussion captures the tension and moral dilemma faced by the participant, who is torn between adhering to authority and the distress signals of the learner.
• 01:30 - 02:00: Authority Influence In this chapter titled 'Authority Influence', the narrator discusses a psychological experiment where volunteers were encouraged to administer potentially fatal electric shocks to a subject. This was prompted by the presence of an individual perceived as a legitimate authority figure—specifically a man in a white coat. The experiment demonstrated that two-thirds of the volunteers complied with the authority figure's instructions, highlighting the powerful influence authority can have on people's actions.
• 02:00 - 02:30: Consequences and Reflections A character expresses concern about not receiving a response and queries someone to check on another's well-being. The chapter reflects on Milgram's experiments, revealing that ordinary American citizens were willing to act against their moral beliefs, similar to the actions of Germans during the Nazi regime, thus provoking a serious reflection on human behavior and obedience to authority.

Milgram experiment 1963 Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 a decade earlier psychologist Stanley Milgram had also looked at how we respond to Authority in order to understand how people were induced to obey unjust regimes and participate in atrocities such as the Holocaust he set up an experiment volunteers were told they were taking part in scientific research to improve memory would you open those and tell me which of you is with please teacher the
• 00:30 - 01:00 teacher separated by a screen the teacher would ask the learner questions in a word game and administer an electric shock when the answer was incorrect he was told to increase the voltage with each wrong answer Cloud horse Rock House answer wrong unre 50 volts answer horse
• 01:00 - 01:30 experiment that's all get me out of here get me out of here please continue please I refuse to go on let me out refuses to go the experiment requires you continue teacher please continue participants didn't know that the learner was really an actor and the so-called sharks harmless you're going to get a shock 180 volts I can't stand the pain let me out of here can't stand I'm not going to kill that man there I mean who's going
• 01:30 - 02:00 to take the responsibility if anything happens to that gentleman I'm responsible for anything that happens here continue please all right next with slow walk dance truck music 2third of volunteers were prepared to administer a potentially fatal electric Shar when encouraged to do so by what they perceived as a legitimate authority figure in this case a man in a white coat 375 Vol I think something happen that I fall in there
• 02:00 - 02:30 I don't get no answer he was holler a less vage can't you check in and see if he's all right place milgram's findings horrified America they showed that decent American citizens were as capable of committing acts against their conscience as the Germans had been under the Nazis