Nationalism in the Class 10 CBSE Curriculum

Nationalism in India (Class 10 History Chapter 2) Concepts | CBSE Class 10 Social Science Boards

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    Summary

    In this informative session, the concepts of Nationalism in India for CBSE Class 10 History are reviewed. The lesson, led by a BYJU'S educator, outlines the historical underpinnings and development of nationalist movements in India, particularly focusing on the Gandhian movements of non-cooperation and civil disobedience. With the backdrop of World War I affecting India economically and socially, the rise of Mahatma Gandhi as a leader introduces the concept of Satyagraha, leading to significant movements against British rule. These sessions aim to prepare students for their midterms by summarizing key historical events and themes.

      Highlights

      • Engagement of students across India with varied perspectives and interpretations of the nationalist movements. 🎓
      • Gandhi's strategic use of the salt tax law as a unifying factor for civil disobedience. 🧂
      • The importance of collective identities through tales, symbols, and reinterpretations of history to foster national pride. 📚
      • Participation varied across regions with leaders like Alluri Sitarama Raju and movements like the Ahmedabad mill strike. 🚩
      • Non-cooperation movement faced limitations due to lack of alternatives for British goods and employment. 🚫

      Key Takeaways

      • Nationalism was deeply influenced by Gandhian movements like non-cooperation and civil disobedience, aiming to unite India against colonial rule. 🇮🇳
      • Gandhi's concept of Satyagraha introduced a non-violent struggle for truth, heavily influencing Indian resistance. ✊
      • Multiple movements across different regions and demographics showed varied reasons for participating in the nationalistic struggle. 🌍
      • The tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre became a pivotal moment, intensifying the Indian fight for freedom. 🇮🇳
      • Despite the call for non-violence, incidents like the Chauri Chaura caused Gandhi to call off many movements. ⚖️

      Overview

      The session on Nationalism in India focuses on imparting key historical insights to Class 10 students, highlighting the impact of World War I on India and the emergence of Gandhian principles. Gandhi's arrival from South Africa with the notion of Satyagraha marked the beginning of a structured resistance. The discussion emphasizes the regional and national impact of Gandhi's first Satyagrahas and the unifying Rowlatt Satyagraha, ultimately leading to nationwide resistance.

        Moving deeper into the chapter, the lesson explores various people's movements within the quilt of Indian nationalism. As Gandhi's plans unfolded, movements like the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience were discussed, addressing their motivations, regional influences, and impacts. The events, such as the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre, illustrate the struggles and turning points within these movements, showcasing the diverse participation across different sectors and communities in India.

          Finally, the lecture weaves in the concept of collective belonging, discussing how historical reinterpretations, symbolism, and folk culture contributed to a sense of shared national identity. The role of different demographics within the national movement is highlighted, with special attention on the challenges they faced and their legacy in the broad spectrum of India's independence movement. The session combines in-depth historical narrative with strategic exam preparation.

            Nationalism in India (Class 10 History Chapter 2) Concepts | CBSE Class 10 Social Science Boards Transcription

            • 00:00 - 00:30 [Music] [Applause] [Music]
            • 00:30 - 01:00 hi good afternoon hi royal yadav oh hello hi vino nisha hi ramla hey can you hi samridhi uh can you all see me can you all hear me quickly show me a thumbs up if you can see me and hear me please so that i know that then i can continue hi urvashi i want to see a thumbs up please if i if you can see me if you can hear me i'm so excited to be here with you today hi
            • 01:00 - 01:30 rani how are you uh somebody please tell me whether you can see me and hear me hi narayani hello i want to see some thumbs ups please all right says hello and a thumbs up and ramla says yes ma'am aro he says yes she can see me yes she can hear me superb i am so excited to be here with you today uh now today we're going to be doing a very
            • 01:30 - 02:00 very interesting chapter we're going to be talking about it it's it's the concept capsule of this chapter so before i start i want to first tell you quickly i want to tell you have you registered for anthony it is a brilliant opportunity you know that antha stands for aakash national talent hunt exam and this has got a lot of benefits uh you can win up to 100 scholarship free there are uh you know you'll get to know your all india ranks so if you haven't already uh registered for it please
            • 02:00 - 02:30 definitely register for it registration is absolutely free and with that i am going to start talking about what we are going to do today i am so excited so uh sometime back i did another concept capsule for you for rise of nationalism in europe which was the first chapter of history for my 10th standards now we are moving into another rise of
            • 02:30 - 03:00 nationalism and chapter but this one is closer to home we are going to be talking about rise of nationalism in india and you know i really love this chapter in fact uh i don't know how many of you have watched the session that i did last year i had done a very detailed session for the 10 standards so have any of you checked that session out give me a thumbs up if you've seen that session anybody who's seen that session that i did last year nationalism in india i
            • 03:00 - 03:30 would really suggest that if you haven't seen it please do go ahead and watch it rani said yes all right that's good somebody says no why why why why why hey listen so i just want to tell you okay vino also says no killer says yes ma'am sandeep says no ma'am okay so then i see some yeses and some no so i want to tell you please what i'm going to be doing here with you today is just a teeny mini concept capsule so i saw some
            • 03:30 - 04:00 questions asking are we going to be covering the entire chapter yes we are going to be covering the entire chapter as in i'm going to be giving you the chronology or the sequence of events that have happened but i'm not going to be getting into too much detail right so this is like a quick um revision session for your midterm exams which are around the corner but my suggestion to you is definitely if you haven't seen that session that i have done for the 10 standards last year please go ahead and watch that session
            • 04:00 - 04:30 in fact most likely you will find the link to that session in your description box and you will get all the details that you need over there right so along with watching that video along with what we're going to be doing today as well as the um the questions that we've answered from this particular chapter in our exam prep session i think that you will uh be quite you will be able to ace any questions that come in this particular chapter right okay so go check it out and uh
            • 04:30 - 05:00 are you ready to start ramallah has seen it ramla says amazing session that's great i don't know what you're talking about today or that session but either way it's good to have an amazing session right superb we know i'm glad you will go and check it out so let us quickly start this chapter i love this chapter like i said because it gives me goosebumps you know it gives me goosebumps because it's so um inspiring to see how our history has happened how in our country we've
            • 05:00 - 05:30 actually become a nation we were under the britishers for such a long period of time and how eventually we have got our independence from the britishers and we have moved towards becoming an independent nation so in context of that in context of rise of nationalism in india we are talking about amazing session today okay that's great i hope it's amazing for you but i also really really want you to go and check out that particular session because i thought that session was also
            • 05:30 - 06:00 amazing right you will get all the details like it's like in a story format okay so definitely go check it out okay okay so in context of today's session we are going to be talking about largely this chapter in terms of two gandhian movements we are going to be discussing number one the non-cooperation movement which was from the period of 1920 to 1922 right then we are going to be going
            • 06:00 - 06:30 ahead and we are going to be discussing the next movement which is the civil disobedient movement which was which started in the year 1930 and went on approximately two to 1934 so if you're if you're looking at the time period that we are talking about in terms of these move movements we're talking about approximately the period of say 1920s to 1930s middle of 1930s right and this is so interesting because if
            • 06:30 - 07:00 you think about what we did for nationalism in europe nationalism in europe when we covered the concept capsule over there we covered the entire century right we covered 9 the entire 19th century little bit before a little bit after and we spoke about what has happened in in the span of 100 years now for india we're going to be talking about a span of approximately 10 to 15 years and you're going to understand how these 10 to 15 years changed the course of history of india
            • 07:00 - 07:30 and how it made the people feel so very united right okay hi madhav i'm absolutely fantastic okay now with that let us move into our roadmap for today how are we going to be discussing this particular chapter today well number one in terms of these two movements we're going to be talking about how congress developed these two movements right so what do they do to
            • 07:30 - 08:00 actually bring these movements about this is our first topic that we are going to be discussing today after that we are going to be talking about people's perceptions to these movements uh people's reactions to these movements and how people participated in these movements basically all right so this is going to be our next aspect of how we are going to be discussing these two movements right so these we will discuss sort of together right because you can't talk about the first one without talking about the
            • 08:00 - 08:30 second one or the second one without talking about the first one the third thing that we're going to be discussing is how people imagined nationalism which means what was their sense of of how did they feel like a nation how did they feel like they were united so we're going to be talking about a sense of collective belonging right so i am super excited to start let us quickly quickly start with our
            • 08:30 - 09:00 first movement but before we talk about the first movement let's understand a little bit of the background of what was happening at this time before the non-cooperation movement so non-cooperation movement we discussed was 1920. i already told you that let us understand what was happening a little bit before this period so at this point in time the first thing that i want to tell you is that the background of what was happening at this time was that we had world war one okay i'm just putting it
            • 09:00 - 09:30 as ww1 world war one was going on at this point in time and the period of the world war one was uh approximately 1914 to 1918 right now because of world war one you actually had a lot of um repercussions that were happening happening in our country because of world war one see world war one the british were taking part in world war one and they had used a lot of our indian people to actually go and fight for them and because they were ruling
            • 09:30 - 10:00 our country there were a lot of repercussions for our country also right so for example there was a lot of uh there was a lot of economic depressions going on at that point in time there were food shortages and famines happening at this point in time there were there was forced recruitment to the army which means people were being forced to go and fight for the people at this point in time there was the spanish flu that
            • 10:00 - 10:30 was brought to india because of these soldiers going there and fighting and coming back and they carried the spanish flu back with them so you see there's a lot of unrest at this oh and the most important thing is that there was a lot of poverty now why was there so much poverty at this point in time because britain wanted to fight uh fight the war where was the money coming from the money was coming from our home ground right so our taxes were increased because they wanted to go and fight the war over there so generally there was a lot of
            • 10:30 - 11:00 unrest happening at this particular point in time now in this background we have gandhiji who arrives in india now gandhiji was not in india at this particular point in time he comes to india from south africa in 1915 and he comes in with what we call the concept of satyagraha now who can tell me what satyagraha is anybody who can
            • 11:00 - 11:30 tell me what is the idea of satyagraha can you tell me i want to yes income tax was also introduced by the british house absolutely correct now tell me what was the idea of satyagraha what according to gandhiji was satyagraha satyagraha let me tell you according to what the way gandhi yes absolutely killer killer your name is killer and you're saying that it says no violence yes absolutely right um ramla says cooperation it was actually
            • 11:30 - 12:00 it was not cooperation uh manu says fight with truth no it was not fight with truth it was fight for truth uh yes killer says non-violence parallel says need to search for truth absolutely right mother says satyagrah is a non-violent method of struggle absolutely correct correct correct correct it is the power of truth gandhiji believed that if we have truth on our side and if we are you know basically looking for the truth
            • 12:00 - 12:30 we do not need violence at all so then in that case when you're searching for the truth when you have the power of truth with you satyagraha largely uh becomes a struggle for truth which is non-violent uh and uh it is sort of it's non-cooperative to injustice right so this is what his idea of satyagraha was correct uh says my brother is being a fan of you thank you yes so it was the power of truth so he comes to india with this idea of
            • 12:30 - 13:00 satyagraha and he organizes three satyagrahas over here in india in small small small regions what were these satyagrahas who can tell me and what was the time period of these satires so the first satyagraha that he conducted was well it kedah was one of the satyagrahas that he conducted but the first one was where the first one was actually in champaran and this satire happens in
            • 13:00 - 13:30 1917 right now what happens in the champaran satyagraha what was the reason for the champagne who can tell me well this was actually being fought for yes [Music] absolutely right what was the reason for the champaran satyagraha what was the problem why was they needed absolutely right indigo plantation absolutely correct so it was fought for the indigo
            • 13:30 - 14:00 plantation workers now at this point in time uh the britishers were sort of forcing the people to grow indigo which was a huge profit-making crop and there was a lot of repression at this point in time again i'm not going to go into details please go ahead and check out my session that i've done last year but we're just going to cover the timelines so there was a lot of repression at this point in time and gandhiji stands up for these workers and he organizes the satyagraha for them and actually this
            • 14:00 - 14:30 was very successful okay then we have our next satire now just follow the timeline please the first one so he's come in 1915 the first one that he's done the first chataga that he's handled is in 1917 our next satyagraha that he uh organizes in kedah was in 1980 nakeda is a place in gujarat right so what was the problem in kedah why has he uh why had he organized the sategra
            • 14:30 - 15:00 over here for who had he organized the satyagraha well over here he had organized it for the peasants they were basically against land revenue right they were basically struggling against land revenue and they they basically had very poor working conditions they were i poor in the sense they were very poor they could not afford to pay the high land revenue so gandhiji stood up for them also and this satyagraha happens in 1918
            • 15:00 - 15:30 in kedah then to support the peasants absolutely right correct killer then our third satyagraha that happens is in andabad also happens in 1918 and what was the reason for the uh md satyagraha who was the ander satyagraha fought for tell me so uh kedah was the champion was for plantation workers kedah was for the peasants against land revenue
            • 15:30 - 16:00 absolutely right [Music] i don't know how to pronounce your name but you have absolutely right it was for the industrial workers it was for the mill workers in ahmedabad and he was basically fighting against the uh sort of low wages working conditions etc right so i'm just putting this down as working conditions for you so this is what he organized over there so these three satyagrahas now let me
            • 16:00 - 16:30 tell you that these three satyagrahas were very inspiring and they were very successful but the limitation for these particular satyagrahas or the problem with these particular satyagrahas was that i'm going to put the limitation over here in blue okay the limitation for these satyagrahas were that they were only very regional in nature which means that they were fought for eisende there were struggles for specific regions in specific areas this
            • 16:30 - 17:00 was not something that was tying the whole country down nothing that was uniting the country gandhiji realized that he needed something that was going to unite the entire nation so he thought of something that actually brought up or did tie up the entire nation uh why what did he uh what did he somebody says ma'am why your classes are somehow a bit early but not early uh innovative 26 it's a three o'clock class not yet the
            • 17:00 - 17:30 non-cooperation movement akash is not very late don't worry we're just about starting we've just covered the background before the non-cooperation movement we've spoken about how gandhi cheese has gone ahead and conducted these satyagrahas we've spoken about the limitation of these satires saying that these satyagrahas were regional in nature we've still not reached the non-cooperation movement he has he he has taken up another issue which he hopes is going to unite the country what yes paul is absolutely right he took up the
            • 17:30 - 18:00 roulette satyagraha of 1919. now the rolex was a pan-india movement what was the role at satyagraha about the rolex satyagraha was basically against the rowlet act okay now what was the rolex act who can tell me what the rolex act was what was the role it act to roll it at
            • 18:00 - 18:30 khalifa you're talking about the khilafat movement kashish this comes later this is we're still on the rolex satyagraha rolex was against uh you know is this serious you read my comment i think this was once again a premiere innovative 26 you asked me the same question last time also some of my glasses are pre-recorded some of them are live this one is live all right i'm trying to give you a balance of both right okay come on uh manu says when are you coming for uh
            • 18:30 - 19:00 sessions of class nine we will do our best to give this to you really really soon yes we're coming to general dyer so first of all roll it satyagrah was against the roll attack nobody has still told me what is the role attacked about what was the problem with the role it act roll it ah yes i remember you very well in a bit of 26 yes sushmita this is absolutely the correct answer the roll it act was a very sort of arbitrary unfair law okay it was
            • 19:00 - 19:30 a law it was an act that said that the britishers could imprison anybody without due trial without any sort of questioning without even giving them a chance to prove their innocence now this is very very unfair and the people were very angry because of this particular role attack so the role attack happened in 1919 so gandhiji realizes that this is the perfect opportunity to take up to unite the country and to do a satyagraha against the rolex act so the rolex
            • 19:30 - 20:00 happens in 1919 and you have many many more people who are taking part at this point in time and it's taking place across a lot of you know towns and cities now because this particular movement was a larger movement than the other three satires that we had seen we spoke about chambar and kedah and ahmedabad which was smaller satyagrahas that time the british didn't react too much here this was a larger movement so naturally the british started getting quite concerned so what did the
            • 20:00 - 20:30 britishers do they empower imposed something called martial law in many cities now martial law is basically a law that says that you cannot have a group of people who are gathering or protesting anywhere it is strictly illegal to have a group of people gathering over there and this is what was called martial law so you're sort of blocking their freedom of movement now one particular place in which you had a martial law that was imposed was in
            • 20:30 - 21:00 amritsar and in amritsar unfortunately we had a very unfortunate yes i see a lot of people giving me the correct answer there was a huge very very unfortunate events that happened at this time in amritsar there was a place called jalyawala okay which was basically let me write this down for you properly sorry jaliyah wala
            • 21:00 - 21:30 was basically like a garden in amritsar and here there was a huge tragedy that happened on 13th april 19 right who can tell me what happened at this point in time yes so at this point in time i heard yes there was a huge massacre manu at this point in time because there was martial law imposed in amritsar you had the british a british
            • 21:30 - 22:00 officer called general dyer who was you know on duty at this point in time absolutely right innovative 26 he enters okay this park he locks the gate absolutely right manu and he shoots fire on all the people over there now in this in this bag in this park at this point in time there were so many people there were people because of multiple reasons now there were people over there who had gathered to you know uh to protest
            • 22:00 - 22:30 against the role at act but they were doing it very peacefully there were some people over there who were there to celebrate the festival of bear sakhi and it was largely peaceful was this something that should have been done absolutely not but imagine that he's shut the gates he's come in and he's opened fire killing hundreds of people and in these hundreds of people you had women and children also i'm telling you when when i talk about this chapter it
            • 22:30 - 23:00 gives me goosebumps this is not absolutely from no point of view is this the correct thing to do so obviously because of this huge incident over here there was so much anger all across the country people started hearing about what has happened in jalal jalibala bagh and they got so angry that people started becoming violent across the country right so instead of having peaceful struggles these movements
            • 23:00 - 23:30 started getting very violent right so the movement got violent because people were very angry okay and as a result of this violence gandhiji had now we know that gandhiji from the beginning has this has said that you know he doesn't want violence but this particular incident led to so much violence that gandhiji eventually had to stop or end this
            • 23:30 - 24:00 role at satyagraha in after this jalyawala bag tragedy right so the movement was called off right now we still haven't come to the chorichara incident i'm going to come to that now this rolex was linked please remember incident is linked with the non-cooperation movement which i'm going to be coming to in a little bit we still haven't reached the non-cooperation movement i've just given you a background of what has happened non-cooperation movement starts after this i told you non-cooperation movement
            • 24:00 - 24:30 starts in 1920 we are still in 1919. so from 1915 which is the time that gandhiji came to 1919 we have four satyagrahas three satyagrahas were local satyagrahas one large satyagraha was the role at satyagraha which was a nationwide uh which was a nationwide movement um and this was stopped because this movement got violent because of the jalyawala tragedy now as far as the slow rolex
            • 24:30 - 25:00 was concerned i told you earlier that the reason for the rolex satyagraha was that gandhiji wanted a movement that involved the entire country but the limitation to this particular movement was again i'm putting the limitation in blue the limitation into this particular movement was that it was pan india but it was only restricted to towns and cities right so it was only restricted to urban
            • 25:00 - 25:30 areas it wasn't unifying the entire country so kantiji realized that now he needed something that was going to unify the entire nation if we are going he wanted something that was you going to unify all sections of people from all walks of life across all religions and this is how we come to the non-cooperation movement of 1920
            • 25:30 - 26:00 so rolex satyagraha has happened in 1919 jalalabad has happened in 1919 and then we move on to the non-cooperation movement of 1920 now how did gandhiji bring about unification across the country well he uh he actually stood up first of all non-cooperation basically means gandhiji felt that british the british have survived in india for so many years only because of
            • 26:00 - 26:30 the cooperation of us indians if we as indians were to stop cooperating with the british the british empire would naturally you know decline or fall down on would basically it would lead to the decline of the british empire and this is what gandhiji believed but he wanted something that was going to unify the entire country so what does he do he goes ahead and he supports the khilafat movement and with this khilafat movement he
            • 26:30 - 27:00 basically gets the support of the muslim people right and now you have people from different sections and then we had the congress session of 1920 i'm gonna put this down over here congress session of 1920 where was the congress session of 1920 who can tell me i taught you all this in the exam session also that day now congress session of 1920 was where
            • 27:00 - 27:30 where was it held no it was not kolkata no it was not lahore i told you how to remember this also in the exam session if you haven't attended the exam session uh please go ahead and attend it no it was not lahore not at all uh it was not kolkata no no it was not chennai it was not calcutta yes 20 khalid insha it was killer yes it was nagpur yes urvashi it was nagpur so we
            • 27:30 - 28:00 are going to put down the congress session of nagpur i told you also that day what is the way that we can remember that this was nagpur non-cooperation movement was launched i'm going to mark this for you in another black color so you see you have n for oh you can't see black over here wait let me give you a green color you have n for non-cooperation and n for nagpur and this is the way that you can remember this right so the congress session was held in nagpur in 1920 and
            • 28:00 - 28:30 from there we have the start of the non-cooperation movement now let us talk about how different people participated across different places in india so let's talk about participation first of all let's talk about participation in terms of uh wait i'm spelling it wrong for you see while i talk and write or sometimes it my spellings go for a toss
            • 28:30 - 29:00 participation let's talk about the first uh area where there was participation for the non-cooperation movement and we will also talk about how different people perceived this movement and why they were participating in this particular movement so yes it was different interpretations of swaraj and different reasons as to why they've gone ahead and they are actually taking part in this particular movement absolutely correct right so first we are going to talk about the movement in terms of towns and
            • 29:00 - 29:30 cities so in towns and cities how did people participate in this particular movement in towns and cities they basically went ahead and they called for a boycott of foreign goods so for example they stopped using imported cloth they started promoting the use of khadi they left offices they left means they left their institutions they left their jobs right they gave up their
            • 29:30 - 30:00 titles that the british had basically given them and uh they basically uh you know this was their form of non-cooperation now in the beginning in 1920 when this started over here this went very very well it was all very enthusiastic and all of that but eventually this movement sort of died down what was the limitation why did this movement sort of uh die down over here why did it end it started very
            • 30:00 - 30:30 enthusiastically but eventually if you see it had to end because people did not have an alternative what does that mean that means that they had stopped using um foreign cloth for example and they were using khadi but khadi was so expensive they could not sustain buying khadi all the time they had left their jaw at their schools they had left their or you know colleges so they left the institutions but were there you know institutions to replace these british
            • 30:30 - 31:00 institutions they didn't have a choice and they eventually had to study right or even for jobs if they don't take part in the british jobs then who is going to give them employment so as a result of this because they have to live their lives eventually this movement died down and this was the limitation in terms of the towns and cities so now we have the first section which is how this movement panned out in the towns and cities and what was the limitation over here is that eventually they did not have an alternative now let's go ahead and let's talk about this
            • 31:00 - 31:30 movement in the countryside now in terms of the countryside we basically have two areas that we're going to be talking about number one we are going to be talking about the gudem hills now who were the pa people who are participating in the gudem hills and who was their leader in the gurudem hills absolutely right who was alluri sita rama no not aluri sita rama aloori sita ram raju okay yes this is a one shot
            • 31:30 - 32:00 kind of a wine shirt you're absolutely right so in the ghudam hills this movement was led by a lurie sitaram raju now he was a sort of tribal leader he uh they people over here they were protesting against what they were protesting against the madras forest act who can tell me what the madras forest act was can anyone tell me what the madras forest act was please why were they why
            • 32:00 - 32:30 were they protesting against the madras forest act so basically in the madras forest act because of the madras forest act the britishers had could see they had a lot of arbitrary laws right so for example according to the madras forest act they stopped any of the tribals to go into the forest and to collect resources to cut wood to feed their animals or anything so basically the tribals were not allowed to enter the forest now for tribal people their livelihood depends on the forest how can you stop the tribals from going in there so as a
            • 32:30 - 33:00 result the people were very angry with them uh with the britishers and so in gurnam hills the reason for participating was against the madras forest act now was very powerful as a leader very influential as a leader and he really believed in a lot of gandhiji's ideas so he believed in the idea of wearing gandhian caps he told people to stop drinking he told people to talk you know to tell the truth for example but let me tell you that there was one
            • 33:00 - 33:30 difference alluri sita ram raju believed in guerrilla warfare right he believed that the movement should be why violent he believed in warfare he believed in standing up for what is right with violence right so this was a bit of a problem over here so what happens as a result and we know that gandhiji doesn't really support violence at all but this was alluded to
            • 33:30 - 34:00 raju's idea of uh nationalism of taking part in the non-cooperation movement so i said see each person has their own perceptions and their own reactions right okay so he believed in this and eventually what was the limitation over here how did the movement in this particular place end well the limitation over here was that alluri sitaram raju was captured and killed and after this the movement sort of you know just sort
            • 34:00 - 34:30 of fizzled away and this is what happened in the gudem hills now we will go ahead and we will talk about the next uh area in the countryside what area are we going to be talking about we are going to be talking about ours now who was the leader in our can anyone tell me who was the leader in abarth award had a leader called baba ramchandra right now what were the people in our fighting
            • 34:30 - 35:00 against yes absolutely right what were the people in our struggling for what was their reason for participating in this non-cooperation movement well they basically were wanting uh to fight against the abolition of begar right so they were saying to abolish began what is bhagar can anyone tell me what begar is begar was what begar was a
            • 35:00 - 35:30 system that prevailed at that particular time begar was a system of forced labor right so they were forcing people to work but not paying them any money and this was a problem yes sushmita so this would labor at free cost and yes sushmita this was against the talog the free work for the landlords absolutely right so this is what they were standing for it was basically against the landlords right now here also the movement got very violent they went ahead and they um
            • 35:30 - 36:00 you know they they looted shops they burnt down the you know the houses of these thaluktars so as a result of this violence we know that the congress was not happy with this at all so this automatically became a bit of a limitation because the congress did not support this at all right and eventually the movement over here also slowly fizzled away all right
            • 36:00 - 36:30 okay so we've spoken about towns and cities we've spoken about the countryside now let's go ahead and talk about the third area in where the non-cooperation was happening and why were the people over here uh protesting so thirdly we are going to be talking about the assam plantations now in the assam plantations why were the people protesting well in the assam plantations they were struggling against what we call the inland immigration act now who can tell
            • 36:30 - 37:00 me what the inland immigration act was this was a very big problem for the plantation workers yes inland immigration act according to the inland immigration act the britishers have said that the workers on these tea plantations could not leave these plantations without the permission of the british they could not leave the gates of the plantation now this is absolute restriction of freedom of movement right
            • 37:00 - 37:30 they're not allowed to go home they're not able to leave the plantation so they were very very unhappy with this and as a result to show the non-cooperation to the british you had many many workers that left the plantations to go home right so this was their act of bravery or this was their move of saying we will not cooperate with you we are walking out of the plantations we are going home right so this was their reason you see
            • 37:30 - 38:00 each section has such a different reason for participating in this non-cooperation movement but the limitation over here was beaten at a railway station brutally yes we like was also uh called off because what happens over here is that yes england immigration act of 1859 absolutely right they the limitation over here was that none of these people ever reached home
            • 38:00 - 38:30 they did not reach right why many of their houses were very far away they were captured they were killed and eventually the movement sort of slowed down over here also right now in terms of the non-cooperation movement there was a very unfortunate incident that happens in a place called chorichora there was the chorizora incident of
            • 38:30 - 39:00 1922. what happens in charitora in 1922 who can tell me who can tell me this was actually the reason that the non-cooperation movement was eventually called off by gandhiji yes absolutely correct arson police stations were burnt there was fighting with the police and as a result of this this movement got again very violent and again and again
            • 39:00 - 39:30 gandhiji keeps saying that he doesn't want violence and so as a result of this non-cooperation movement called off in 1922. so you see i told you that we've covered the non-cooperation movement from the time that the congress has announced it in 1920 to how it ends in 1922. right so just from the point of view of your
            • 39:30 - 40:00 exams please understand rowlet satyagraha was called off because of jalyawala bach tragedy ah non-cooperation movement was called off because of chorichora right again you can try and remember with uh non-cooperation c and chorichora c maybe that will help you to remember it in some particular way if it's just a it's just a bit of a memory trick okay so you have to see over here you have c over here and maybe that will help you to remember this all right and now we
            • 40:00 - 40:30 have the non-cooperation movement that has been called off our next movement that we're going to be talking about is the civil disobedience movement right uh punnima what is the swadeshi movement swadeshi movement you want more details please go ahead and take a look at my session that i've done for you for the 10 standards last year there's a whole detailed uh session for your nationalism in india swadeshi is indian we're basically saying that we want to use more indian stuff right so
            • 40:30 - 41:00 for example in non-cooperation we said boycott foreign goods use indian goods that's part of the swadeshi movement right we are sort of non-cooperating by not using the imported stuff right okay now we have finished with the non-cooperation movement so now we're going to be going to the civil disobedience movement but i told you that the civil disobedience movement happened in 1930 and this
            • 41:00 - 41:30 non-cooperation movement was called off in what year it was called off in 1922. so what happened in the period between 1922 to 1930 what happened in these eight years how did these eight years what were the events that happened in these eight years that led to civil disobedience right so we're going to be discussing
            • 41:30 - 42:00 what happened in these eight years in terms of the what we're going to call the three s's okay there were some events that happened which we're going to be describing as the three s's okay and this is the way that you can remember this right the first is that we're going to be talking about was the creation of the swaraj party okay now what has happened is that in the non-cooperation movement you know
            • 42:00 - 42:30 that a lot of the places council elections were called off but there were some people in the congress who felt that this was not the right thing to do you had a lot of these older uh older congress members like motilal nehru and ciara das who felt that they wanted to return to council politics because they felt that rather than struggling against the british like this they would be better able to influence the british through council politics so they form a dif a faction within the congress party you have another party that is formed within the
            • 42:30 - 43:00 congress itself which is the swaraj party and this happens in 1923. please remember this yes absolutely right the moderates versus the radicals the radicals wanted action and they wanted to fight you know whereas the moderates were the oldest section of older people in the congress and they felt no yeah this is not working let's just go back to influencing the british the way that we were by taking part in council politics we'll represent the indians over there and this way we'll be able to bring
            • 43:00 - 43:30 about change so yes there was a bit of a tussle within the congress at this point in time so the first test over here is i'm going to underline this for you the first s over here is the formation of the swaraj party in 1923 then number two the second s that we're going to be talking about was the simon commission which came to india now this simon commission comes to india in 1928.
            • 43:30 - 44:00 what was the simon commission simon commission was basically yes go back simon absolutely correct the simon commission was a commission that had been sent to india because the british wanted to make political and administrative changes for india but the funny thing is that they've sent a commission to india and in this commission to make administrative changes there's not a single indian person on this commission how can you make changes for a country without taking the viewpoint of the native people right so the people were very
            • 44:00 - 44:30 angry with this they thought it was absolutely unfair so they you know log out there were slogans to say simon go back right so this again was our a very big event that happened and that led to a lot of anger actually so this was our second s that has happened in these eight years that we are talking about right now our third s that we are going to be talking about over here
            • 44:30 - 45:00 was the call for purna swaraj okay so again this is purna swaraj but we put it as the third s because this has also got an s in it but please remember that purna swaraj was different from the concept of swaraj i'm not going to get into the details please go visit that other session so you will understand the difference between the two right so this was the third s and this happens in in the congress session in
            • 45:00 - 45:30 i'm going to put this down for you over here congress session was held where where was this conversation here where there was a call for poorna swaraj quickly quickly yes satyam had given the correct answer this was in lahore okay and this was in 1912 right so in lahore in this congress session what do they decide they decide that they want to this they want to launch or they basically want purna swaraj and for this they go ahead and
            • 45:30 - 46:00 they decide that they would this they would say that 26 january 1930 would be decided and called as independence day for india right but the limitation over here was that this did not get too much traction right means people were not really aware so there was lack of awareness and as a
            • 46:00 - 46:30 result of that what the congress wanted you know people to revolt by saying this is our independence day that didn't really happen so again gandhiji realizes that this is not moving all the people we need a common issue we need something that we are going to have all sections of society all people across the country they are going to take part we need to take up a common issue yes it was a
            • 46:30 - 47:00 great failure because of lack of awareness right why was 26th january uh chosen they just chose it as a particular day the session was in 1929 and so they say okay now in the coming year january 26 19 26 january 1930 we will go ahead and we will have this particular thing we will call for this as uh independence day just remember it like that right let's not go too much into details over here so now gandhiji says what is the issue that we can take up that will
            • 47:00 - 47:30 unify the entire country so he decides to take up one issue that affected all the people of the country whether rich or poor uh landlord or peasant no matter what what was the issue that he took up who can tell me please what was the issue that he decides to take uh to take up yes
            • 47:30 - 48:00 that absolutely right he decides to take the issue of salt salt is something that whether you're rich or poor everybody needs salt now at this point in time there was a salt tax or a salt law that the british had put over here in india saying that people in india could not make their own salt and apart from that people who were buying salt there were huge taxes on salt so salt
            • 48:00 - 48:30 which is such a basic commodity that everybody needs it was literally out of reach imagine the injustice so we are not going to talk about tada how gandhiji reaches the civil disobedience movement by taking up the issue of salt absolutely right so what he does is he writes a letter to lord irvin okay he sends a letter to lord irvin stating many demands okay he
            • 48:30 - 49:00 sends a list of demands now in these demands one of the demands was to abolish the salt law and he tells lord irwin that if you do not pay heed to this letter we are going to revolt so this was sort of like a sort of like a threatening letter to say that you please do what we want otherwise you are going to face the consequences right lord irwin did not negotiate he refused
            • 49:00 - 49:30 to pay attention to what gandhiji was saying in his letter so gandhiji decides to call on the civil disobedience movement what was how did he start the civil disobedience movement well what he does is from he start he does what we call the dandy march dandy march was in 1930 right so in 1930 what you have you have
            • 49:30 - 50:00 12th march 1930 gandhiji basically walks from his ashram in sabarmati and he takes a group of his people and leads them to the coastal town of dandy and in dandi gandhiji breaks the salt law how does he break the salt law over here he makes his own salt
            • 50:00 - 50:30 right and this happens in what what day does this happen in yes absolutely right this happens on right 6th april 6th april gandhiji breaks the salt law 6th 6th april 1930 and this was the start of the civil disobedience movement right so i'm going to put in over here that this was the start
            • 50:30 - 51:00 now i'm just going to quickly tell you uh how this movement started which i've just told you and how it approximately ended before we talk about who were the people that participated in this movement right uh how did he break the soil or did he spill the salt in the sea no he evaporated the sea water got his own salt and made his own salt that's what he did right so this was the start of the civil disobedience movement and you have people across the country that say gandhiji has broken the salt law we will
            • 51:00 - 51:30 also now launch the civil disobedience movement in our own way we will protest we will break laws we will not stand for injustice anymore we will not stand for the cruelty anymore and so in 1931 all of 1931 you have people who are participating uh all throughout 1931 and then eventually uh there was an incident that i'm just putting this over here participation
            • 51:30 - 52:00 okay so people are participating in 1931 but then there was an incident that happened over here because of the result of so many people revolting and breaking laws the english had become very strict so what they started doing was that they went ahead and imprisoned a lot of political leaders right so what did they do they the british imprison a lot of the leaders now there was a a a very famous leader
            • 52:00 - 52:30 who was very inspired by gandhiji was actually imprisoned uh at this particular time and his name was abdul gafar khan when abdul gafar khan was imprisoned um as a result of protesting there was violence and again once again these movements have turned violent and as a result of this gandhiji once again is forced to sort of
            • 52:30 - 53:00 negotiate with lord irwin so you have what we know as the gandhi irvin pact now gandhi according to the gandhi of impact uh gandhiji and irvin decide that lord irwin decide that they are going to gandhiji will call up the civil disobedience movement and irvin from his side will free the political prisoners and as a result of doing this gandhiji will participate in the second round table conference
            • 53:00 - 53:30 right second round table conference which happens in 1932 right so in december 1932 gandhiji goes and he takes part in this second roundtable conference hoping that his demands are going to be met over here but this didn't really happen negotiations broke down when he comes back he sees that look you know the english have not kept their word once again the um you know the people have been imprisoned the congress has been declared illegal so what does he do he
            • 53:30 - 54:00 re-launches the uh civil disobedience movement in 1932 and then this participation goes on till approximately 1934 where it sort of fizzles down right so this is the story of the entire civil uh not non cooperation civil disobedience movement so this is the story of the civil disobedience movement it starts in 19 1930 was called off in 1932 called off in 1931 with the ghandi urban pack
            • 54:00 - 54:30 relaunched in 1932 and ends in approximately 1934 yes it loses its momentum now very quickly because we're running short of time let us talk about the people who participated in this particular movement so the first section of people that participated over here were the rich peasants who were the rich peasants namely you had the
            • 54:30 - 55:00 [Music] now what was their problem why were they participating in this movement well they basically wanted a reduction of land revenue they said they didn't want to pay the land revenue anymore and so they were fighting basically against this right but what did they get what they want no they didn't really get what they want and that became a limitation the limitation over here is that they didn't get what they want and as a result eventually um they did
            • 55:00 - 55:30 not take part i'm just putting over here did not get what they wanted right what they wanted so as a result they did not participate the second time that the movement was launched so this is the rich peasants now let's talk about patalas of gujarat and the charts of up absolutely right okay then we move on to our next section which is the poor peasants now what was the problem with
            • 55:30 - 56:00 the poor peasants the poor peasants basically wanted they were struggling against rent for the talibans were charging them high rents to work on land so they have the no rent campaign and this is what these poor peasants were struggling against but the limitation over here was that the congress did not really support the no rents campaign so as a result this movement also fizzled down over here
            • 56:00 - 56:30 right you see how different people are taking part for different things that they want once again we're talking about why they're taking part and what happens uh how it ends over here uh george geography chapter three stay update we will keep you updated just stay tuned to the channel why didn't they support they if you if you think about it logically um i don't know the exact reason but i would say that a way of looking at it was that a lot of the rich they were
            • 56:30 - 57:00 getting a lot of support from the rich talk guards or the rich zamindars and the poor peasants were basically fighting against the rich talibans and and the zamindars so the congress basically said no we do not support this you know they didn't want to probably um anger one section of society and that's probably the reason that for that this was done then apart from this you have the next section of people the next section of people was basically the businessman and the industrialists now what did these businessmen and these
            • 57:00 - 57:30 industrialists want they basically wanted protection against imports right and they also wanted a fair uh rupee sterling pound ratio right so they basically wanted their business to do really really well they wanted more profit they didn't want interference from the british right so they said okay we will participate in this movement we want we we will get what we want but what was the limitation over here the limitation over here is that they realized that all these
            • 57:30 - 58:00 movements were basically interrupting their business it was stopping their business apart from that they realized that a lot of people in the congress were suddenly turning socialists so there was a wave of socialism that was happening at this point in time and we know that socialism is completely against profits and the businessmen were very interested in profits so eventually the businessman said okay this is not working for us and they stopped you know the taking part in this movement so that was the limitation of this particular section
            • 58:00 - 58:30 then who are our next section of people the next section of people that we had was the industrial workers now the workers you had limited participation across the uh country right but you did have some participation in terms of two areas there was the railway railway workers of nagpur okay which i'm putting down for you the railway workers of nagpur and you had the uh tin mine workers of the chhotan output plateau
            • 58:30 - 59:00 right these were the two areas that did take part right but again it didn't really work over here can anyone tell me why didn't work over here it didn't work over here because these people were basically fighting against you know low wages poor working conditions and all of that but the limitation over here was that the congress supported not the workers but they supported the industrialist support of congress was
            • 59:00 - 59:30 for industrialists because those people were the more powerful people so as a result these workers didn't really get what they wanted right and then we move on to the last section that we're talking about very quickly we had a lot of women who participated they were very inspired by the movements they were very inspired by gandhiji but the limitation over here was that gandhiji did not really support he felt that the women should basically
            • 59:30 - 60:00 stay at home so there was no support from gandhiji right and as a result these were the people who did participate but it sort of fizzled out and then with this we move talk about quickly two groups that did not pass the participate one group which also works out as limitations actually so i'm going to put this down for you over here in blue one section of people that did not participate was the muslims they basically felt quite
            • 60:00 - 60:30 alienated from the congress after the non-cooperation movement non-cooperation movement they had participated right he had got they had got the support of the muslim because of the khilafat issue but after the non-cooperation movement the muslims felt that the congress now have a largely hindu agenda and so they did not want to participate apart from that you had the dalits who did not participate the dalits they wanted their own separate electorates who were the dalits led by can anyone tell me who were that
            • 60:30 - 61:00 uh bullets led by they were led by dr br ambedkar absolutely right uh they and so as a result you had gandhiji who was against them against this he said no that should be put into you know incorporated into the community why should they have a separate electorate so eventually you had the puna pact i'll put this for you because this is an important uh event that happens the puna pact of 1932 and according to this puna pact of 1932 there would now be reserved seats
            • 61:00 - 61:30 for the dalits in terms of the provincial provincial and legislative councils and this is what happened right so these were the two groups that did not yes absolutely right um yes uh gandhiji went on a hunger strike because he did not want the dalits to have a separate electorate absolutely correct and with this we will now move on to our last topic which is a sense of
            • 61:30 - 62:00 collective belonging why were so many people inspired why did so many people take part well there were four reasons as to how people imagined nationalism how they started feeling like a nation the first way was the allegory of the nation they had allegory of bharat mata so bharat mata was give was basically the personification of uh india and she was given a womanly form and there were paintings of her that were you know circulated and had in so many places and
            • 62:00 - 62:30 people started feeling a sense of identification paratha right so this was one way that they did it another way was basically through folk tales now what were these folktales doing these folk tales were basically stories that were taken and circulated to the people praising india bringing about the ideas of nationalism bringing about the ideas of the nation and in
            • 62:30 - 63:00 fact the person who is very instrumental in this was natasa sastri again i'm not going to be giving you details please go ahead and watch that session of mine that i've done for you on nationalism in india all right absolutely right mata i have given you all of these details in that other session that i've done for you yes jataka tales absolutely right third way was symbols what are some of the symbols that the you know indians identified with for example you had the symbol of the
            • 63:00 - 63:30 tri-color right so again people when they saw the tri color they were like yeah this is our country we are feeling united we are feeling we're feeling a sense of belonging to this particular place yes absolutely right because you see it is same as nationalism in europe because whether you're talking about europe or you're talking about india people are people right they need to feel a sense of collective belonging they need to feel united so these are the ways that you people can feel united whether it is personification whether it is symbols
            • 63:30 - 64:00 absolutely correct the fourth thing that they did was the re-interpretation of history one minute let me get the spelling of this right reinterpretation of history so what they do over here is that they retold history praising india's past to talk about india having such a glorious past before the british came we had this golden age there was so much art there was so much culture there were so many advancements so as a result people started feeling proud of the country and these were the
            • 64:00 - 64:30 ways that people felt united and felt a sense of nationalism and we have seen that nationalism take place in terms of the two gandhian movements that we have just covered and with this i end my concept capsule for you thank you for participating so beautifully in this particular session like i said more details please go to the other session that i've done on nationalism in india the link will be pinned in the description box go ahead and watch it
            • 64:30 - 65:00 you will get all your uh questions answered over there and with that i end but before i end i want to tell you that mission midterm uh what we've done today over here is actually uh mission midterm which means that we're gearing up for our midterms we're doing a whole lot of sessions for you uh strategy sessions concept cap tools that we're doing chapter revisions important exam focus questions we've done some for um ssd also so please definitely do stay tuned apart from that please do definitely go ahead and make use of the
            • 65:00 - 65:30 opportunity we have the baijus mini learning program which is being offered free for the first 500 users every week all you need to do is go to the link and click uh on the link and then type yt first to avail of this program absolutely free and then apart from that definitely join telegram which is our very own family we have a homework poll quiz over there so participate over there win there are special mentions and special goodies from baiju's so this is going to be a great a great thing so
            • 65:30 - 66:00 join this definitely and with that we say that baiju's 9 to 10 has you covered please to attend all our sessions over here and definitely like share and subscribe all right i'm going to see you really really soon i had a lot of fun being here with you in the session bye bye [Music] [Music]
            • 66:00 - 66:30 you