The CIVIL RIGHTS Movement EXPANDS [APUSH Review Unit 8 Topic 11] Period 8: 1945-1980

Summary

This informative video by Heimler's History explores the expansive influence of the Civil Rights Movement, highlighting how it paved the way for other significant social movements from 1960 to 1980. It begins with an in-depth analysis of the women's rights movement, driven by key publications like 'The Feminine Mystique' and pivotal organizations like the National Organization for Women. The video further explores the push for the Equal Rights Amendment and the impact of the Roe vs. Wade decision. Additionally, the video discusses the struggles and successes of Latinos, American Indians, and the LGBTQ community in their respective liberation movements, emphasizing key figures and events such as the United Farm Workers, the occupation of Alcatraz, and the Stonewall riots.

Highlights

• Betty Friedan's 1963 book 'The Feminine Mystique' challenged traditional gender roles. 📖
• The National Organization for Women was pivotal in advocating for women's rights in the 1960s. 🗣️
• Title IX of 1972 was a significant legislative win for women's equality in education. 🏆
• Cesar Chavez led a successful grape boycott for farm workers' rights in the 1970s. 🍇
• American Indians occupied Alcatraz Island in 1968 as part of their activism. 🏝️
• The Stonewall Inn raid in 1969 sparked the Gay Liberation Movement. 🏳️‍🌈

Key Takeaways

• The Civil Rights Movement inspired numerous liberation movements for women, Latinos, American Indians, and the LGBTQ community. 🎉
• Betty Friedan's 'The Feminine Mystique' played a pivotal role in advancing women's rights. 📚
• The Equal Rights Amendment failed, largely due to opposition led by Phyllis Schlafly. 🚫
• Roe vs. Wade was a landmark Supreme Court decision enhancing women's reproductive rights. ⚖️
• Cesar Chavez's efforts led to better wages for migrant farm workers through the United Farm Workers. 🌾
• The 1975 Self-Determination Act empowered American Indian tribes with more control over their affairs. 🏹
• The Stonewall riots were a monumental event in the Gay Liberation Movement, promoting LGBTQ rights. 🌈

Overview

From the backdrop of the Civil Rights Movement, a chain of liberation movements emerged, each pushing for equality and rights. At the forefront was the women’s rights movement ignited by Betty Friedan’s seminal work, 'The Feminine Mystique.' This book, alongside the formation of the National Organization for Women, shone a spotlight on gender equality, leading to legislative milestones like Title IX.

While women were making strides, other groups also pushed for their rightful place in society. Latinos, led by pioneers like Cesar Chavez, fought for fair wages and rights, culminating in the impactful grape boycott. American Indians demanded recognition and control over their land, famously showcased by the occupation of Alcatraz Island, and significantly advanced with the 1975 Self-Determination Act.

The LGBTQ community, too, found its voice, particularly after the Stonewall Inn incident in 1969. This confrontation became a symbol of resistance and paved the way for greater acceptance and rights in the subsequent decades. Heimler’s History offers a comprehensive look at these intertwined movements, painting a vivid picture of a dynamic period in American history.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction and Objectives The chapter 'Introduction and Objectives' discusses the continuation of the AP U.S. History curriculum, specifically focusing on how the Civil Rights Movement inspired various other movements against inequality. The instructor aims to help students understand the responses of different groups to the calls for civil rights expansion from 1960 to 1980. The introduction sets the stage for liberation movements that arose in response during this period.
• 00:30 - 03:50: Women's Movement The chapter "Women's Movement" discusses the historical struggle for gender equality in the United States, highlighting its roots from the 19th century Seneca Falls Convention to early 20th-century suffrage achievements. Despite women's significant contributions during the world wars, social norms in the 1950s continued to perpetuate gender inequality.
• 03:50 - 04:30: Equal Rights Amendment and Counterculture Movement In this chapter, the focus is on the Equal Rights Amendment and the Counterculture Movement. It begins with the traditional view of women's roles primarily as homemakers, responsible for creating a restful home environment for their husbands and children. However, this perception began to change dramatically in 1963 with the publication of Betty Friedan's book, "The Feminine Mystique." The book, based on Friedan's thorough research and interviews with suburban housewives, highlighted the monotony and sense of entrapment experienced by these women. They were often confined to fulfilling their family's needs, sidelining their own aspirations. The prevailing cultural belief at the time was that women, simply due to their gender, lacked significant roles outside the household.
• 04:30 - 05:00: Roe vs. Wade and Conclusion on Women's Movement The feminine mystique challenged societal norms by declaring that women wanted more than the traditional roles assigned to them. Though expressing such desires publicly was met with scorn, Betty Friedan's book sold over a million copies by 1964, indicating a widespread resonance with its message. Following this success, in 1966, Friedan helped establish the National Organization for Women (NOW). The organization aimed to advocate for women's rights, using similar strategies to those of the civil rights movement.
• 05:00 - 05:30: Latino Rights Movement The chapter discusses significant strides in the Latino rights movement, focusing on efforts to secure equal opportunity and equal pay for women in professional careers. It highlights the role of Gloria Steinem and her creation of Ms. Magazine as part of this push for women's rights. A major milestone mentioned is Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972, which banned gender discrimination in education. This law greatly impacted the funding and support for women's sports teams in high schools and colleges, showcasing a significant achievement in the movement.
• 05:30 - 06:30: American Indian Movement The chapter discusses the American Indian Movement, with a focus on the women's rights movement and the push for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the constitution. The ERA aimed to prevent discrimination on the basis of sex. Despite seeming like a good idea, it faced opposition. A conservative woman named Phyllis Schlafly played a significant role in ensuring the ERA did not receive the necessary votes for ratification. Schlafly's organization led a prominent campaign that contributed to the failure of the amendment.
• 06:30 - 07:30: Gay Liberation Movement The chapter discusses the Gay Liberation Movement and its intersection with other social movements. Phyllis Schlafly's STOP ERA campaign is highlighted, which opposed the Equal Rights Amendment by arguing it would remove specific privileges for women. Feminists' involvement in the 1960s counterculture is also mentioned, indicating a shift in focus from the ERA to broader participation in social and cultural challenges of the time.
• 07:30 - 08:00: Conclusion and Call to Action The chapter discusses the influence of the counterculture and women's rights movement on America's sexual attitudes, particularly highlighting the sexual revolution. This period saw the common use of birth control and STD treatment, making casual sex with multiple partners more socially accepted. Consequently, women sought more control over their reproductive rights, marking a significant achievement for the movement.

The CIVIL RIGHTS Movement EXPANDS [APUSH Review Unit 8 Topic 11] Period 8: 1945-1980 Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 hey there and welcome back to heimlich's history now we've been going through unit 8 of the ap u.s history curriculum and in the last video we talked about the civil rights movement and some of its intricacies and in this video we're going to see how the civil rights movement inspired other movements that challenged inequality so if you're ready to get them brain cows milked well then let's get to it so in this video here's the skill i'm aiming to help you accomplish explain how and why various groups responded to calls for the expansion of civil rights from 1960 to 1980. and here the floodgates burst open and we see liberation movements for
• 00:30 - 01:00 latinos american indians gay americans and women so you know just for poops and giggles let's start with the women's movement during this period just like the members of the civil rights movement women have been working toward equality dang near since the beginning of the republic the crowning movement in the 19th century was the seneca falls convention and then in the early 20th century women's suffrage was made into constitutional law and even with all of that and the fact that many women took the place of men in the workplace during both world wars they still did not enjoy their rightful equality with men cultural norms of the 1950s taught women
• 01:00 - 01:30 that their place was in the home where their job was to make the home a haven of rest for their husbands and children but in 1963 that vision of a woman's life was shattered by the publication of a book by betty friedan called the feminine mystique this book which was the result of ferdan's extensive research and interviews with suburban housewives explored the boredom and imprisonment of the typical housewife who was beholden to the needs of her family at the expense of her own needs the reigning assumption in the culture of america was that women precisely because they were women didn't really
• 01:30 - 02:00 want to get work or to get educated or engaged in the political process the feminine mystique sought to prove that this was in fact not the case but instead that women were unable to express these opinions in public without facing ridicule and apparently she was onto something because by 1964 for don's book it sold over a million copies then in 1966 fardon was instrumental in the founding of the national organization for women or now which advocated for women's rights using the very same tactics employed by members of the civil rights movement and their goal was to
• 02:00 - 02:30 secure equal opportunity and equal pay for women entering professional careers another significant publication in this vein was ms magazine created by another women's rights activist gloria steinem and in the end all of these efforts led to some sweeping changes most notably title ix of the educational amendments of 1972. this section of the law banned any discrimination on the basis of gender with respect to education and it had a big impact on securing funding for women's sports teams both at the high school and college level now one of the greatest almost achievements of the
• 02:30 - 03:00 women's rights movement was the equal rights amendment or the era it was fine in all to have laws upholding women's equality but as the members of the women's rights movement knew all too well laws could be overturned and so there was a big push to add an equal rights amendment to the constitution which would prevent discrimination on the basis of sex you know that sounds like a good idea but it was largely by the efforts of a conservative woman named phyllis schlafly that the era ultimately fell short of the number of votes needed to ratify it schlafly and her organization led a campaign called
• 03:00 - 03:30 stop era and the stop was an acronym for stop taking our privileges to schlafly and her people the era would take away certain privileges that women enjoyed like dependent wife benefits for social security separate bathrooms for men and women and most of all the exemption from the military draft and in large part because of schlafly's efforts the era did not muster enough votes to be ratified and added to the constitution okay shifting gears a little feminist also participated in the counterculture movement of the 1960s as well we'll talk
• 03:30 - 04:00 more about that in another video but for now one thing you need to know with respect to the women's rights movement and the counterculture was the sexual revolution the counterculture changed many of america's attitudes towards sexuality and sexual expression and that's when you saw the widespread use of birth control and antibiotics to treat stds and that had the effect of making casual sex with multiple partners the norm and if that was the growing norm then women also wanted to have control over their bodies if they happened to get pregnant with all this casting off of restraint and that leads us to one of the crowning achievements
• 04:00 - 04:30 of this wave of the women's rights movement namely the supreme court case roe vs wade in 1973. in this decision the court declared that states could not prohibit women from having abortions in the first two trimesters of their pregnancy and they did so based on a woman's right to privacy found implicitly in the 14th amendment's due process clause okay now we spent a lot of time sussing out the expansion of rights in the women's movement but we still have to talk about this same trend going on with other groups first let's talk about latinos now during the 1950s and 1960s mexican agricultural workers
• 04:30 - 05:00 came to america to work its fields but when they did they were paid a pittance for their efforts to correct this abuse activist cesar chavez and dolores huerta created the united farm workers in 1962 in order to protect the interests of migrant farm workers they staged a nationwide boycott of grapes to pressure farm owners to increase their pay and by 1970 their efforts were rewarded with increased wages okay now let's turn and talk about american indians they founded the american indian movement in 1968 whose goal was to reclaim their heritage and tribal traditions that have been lost to american acculturation achieved
• 05:00 - 05:30 self-determination and addressed the systemic poverty shared by many american indians one of the key events in this movement was the occupation of alcatraz island so as you probably know alcatraz is home to a very famous american federal prison but by the 1960s it had been abandoned by the federal government and according to an earlier treaty with the federal government any abandoned land would be returned to the original indian inhabitants and so in 1968 several dozen activists occupied alcatraz and claimed it for their own the occupation lasted for 19 months and it ended after the federal government
• 05:30 - 06:00 made it very hard for the indians to live there even so it became a symbolic cornerstone for american indian activism which eventually led to the self-determination act of 1975. this gave american indians much greater control over their lands their education and their law enforcement now let's turn the corner and talk about the gay liberation movement the key moment for this movement was the 1969 raid on a new york bar called the stone wall inn the raid happened because it was a known gathering place for gay people and by gathering they were breaking anti-gay
• 06:00 - 06:30 laws that were on the books and of course this wasn't the first time a raid like this had happened but what was different about this one was the spontaneous resistance against the enforcement of unjust laws that resistance led to multiple organized protests for the expansion of gay rights and activists encourage gay americans to be open about their identity and to start working for the end of discriminatory practices against the community and their efforts paid off in the 1970s when the status of homosexuality was officially changed from being a mental illness to a legitimate sexual orientation along with
• 06:30 - 07:00 heterosexuality okay that's what you need to know about unit 8 topic 11 of the ap us history curriculum if you need help getting an a in your class and a five on your exam in may then click right here review packet if this video helped you you want me to keep making them then the way that you let me know that is by subscribing heimler out