The Ghost Dance Movement | Native American Culture | Wounded Knee Massacre

Summary

The Ghost Dance Movement was a significant spiritual movement among Native American communities in the late 19th century, originating with the Paiute tribe and centered on visions promising a renewal of the earth and peace. These prophecies, spreading across tribes, emphasized the Ghost Dance ceremony as a path to this renewal. The movement experienced its greatest expansion before the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, where more than 200 Native Americans were killed by U.S. soldiers. This event marked a decline in the movement, though it continued to influence Native American cultural practices through related movements. The Ghost Dance endures as a symbol of heritage preservation and cultural resilience for Native Americans.

Highlights

• The Ghost Dance started with the Paiute tribe in 1869, based on visions of renewal 🌄.
• The movement emphasized a communal Circle dance, believed to bring spiritual renewal and peace.
• Even after the tragic Wounded Knee Massacre, the spirit of the Ghost Dance lives on in Native cultures.
• The movement sought to preserve Native American heritage against the backdrop of European colonization.
• Wovoka’s teachings fostered a blend of Native spirituality with notions of peace and co-existence. 🕊️

Key Takeaways

• The Ghost Dance was a spiritual movement aiming for Native American renewal and peace 🌍.
• Visions from spiritual leaders like Wovoka inspired various tribes to adopt the Ghost Dance 🙏.
• Symbolized by the communal Circle dance, it was believed to bring back ancestors and restore the land 🌾.
• The Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 dramatically halted the movement’s momentum 😞.
• Despite decline, the Ghost Dance influenced similar spiritual movements and remains a cultural symbol today 🌟.

Overview

In the late 19th century, the Ghost Dance Movement became a beacon of hope for many Native American tribes. It sprouted from the Paiute tribe, where visions promising a harmonious future inspired communities across the continent. The Ghost Dance ceremony, characterized by a communal Circle dance, symbolized this spiritual movement as tribes gathered to dance for peace and renewal.

Despite its positive intentions, the movement faced severe opposition from the U.S. authorities. This tension culminated in the heartbreaking Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, where over 200 Native Americans were killed. The tragedy marked the beginning of the Ghost Dance's decline, leaving a scar on the Native collective memory, but also a symbol of cultural endurance.

Beyond its initial impact, the Ghost Dance left an inspiring legacy. It contributed to the formation of later spiritual movements among Native communities. Even today, the memories and lessons of the Ghost Dance continue to resonate, representing an enduring cultural touchstone and symbol of resilience and heritage preservation for Native Americans.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction to the Ghost Dance Movement The Ghost Dance was a spiritual movement that started among Native Americans in the western United States. It began with the Paiute people in 1869, sparked by a series of visions from an elder medicine man named Wovoka. His visions prophesied the renewal of the earth and aid for the Paiute people as promised by their ancestors. Initially, Wovoka envisioned a major cataclysm that would remove all settlers, leaving only the native people.
• 00:30 - 03:30: Wovoka's Vision and Teachings Wovoka's Vision and Teachings is about Wovoka's spiritual insights and prophetic visions. Initially, his vision foresaw the complete removal of people from the continent, with only those who adhered to ancestral spiritual practices returning. Over time, his vision evolved to exclude the destruction of settlers, instead promising an immortal and peaceful existence for practitioners of his teachings. Central to this teaching was the Ghost Dance, a communal circle dance recommended by Wovoka.
• 03:30 - 06:00: Spread of the Ghost Dance and Bureau Reaction The chapter discusses the dream of a Paiute named Wovoka (also known as Jack Wilson) who, during an eclipse in 1889, envisioned himself speaking with God in heaven. In his vision, he was instructed to teach a new dance to the people. This prophecy echoed that of a prior figure, Wwab, predicting the settlers' disappearance, the return of the buffalo, and a revival of the land.
• 06:00 - 07:30: The Wounded Knee Massacre The chapter titled 'The Wounded Knee Massacre' discusses a significant vision of hope and restoration for Native people, where ancestors would be revived and peace would prevail. It highlights the lineage and connections of Woka, mentioning his father Tavo, who was a friend and supporter of WWAB. After Tavo's passing, Woka was raised by an American family, the Wilsons. Intrigued by the new prophet, many tribal representatives visited him to hear his teachings among the Piute.
• 07:30 - 09:30: Decline and Legacy of the Ghost Dance Movement Leaders of the Ghost Dance Movement communicated with various native tribes through letters and visits, promoting the vision and ceremonies of the movement which aimed to transform the earth. Emphasis was placed on teaching these tribes about the vision and the dance. Wok, a leader within the movement, stressed the importance of maintaining peaceful relationships with settlers, potentially influenced by his exposure to Christianity during his upbringing.
• 09:30 - 10:30: Modern Influence and Conclusion The chapter discusses the modern influence and conclusions derived from Woka's teachings, focusing on the Ghost Dance. The Ghost Dance is a ritual aimed at bringing about a peaceful world, as envisioned by Woka. It involves a specific routine where followers dance for four nights, and then on the fifth day, they bathe in the river. This symbolizes the collective hope for a transformation towards peace, reflecting Woka's messianic vision.

The Ghost Dance Movement | Native American Culture | Wounded Knee Massacre Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 the Ghost Dance Movement the Ghost Dance was a spiritual movement that arose among Native Americans living in the west of the country it began among the POU people in 1869 with a series of Visions from an elder medicine man named wwo these Visions foresaw renewal of the earth and help for the pyute people as promised by their ancestors initially wwap said that he saw some great cataclysm removing all the set ERS leaving behind only natives
• 00:30 - 01:00 but in later Visions he saw an event that removed all people from the continent after which those who Faithfully practiced the spirituality of their ancestors would be miraculously returned later still his vision no longer predicted the destruction of settlers but an immortal and peaceful life for those who practiced his spiritual teachings a ceremony that featured a communal Circle dance was Central to the Ghost Dance suggested by
• 01:00 - 01:30 those Visions wwap passed away in 1872 on January 1st 1889 a pyute named Woka renamed Jack Wilson had a dream during the eclipse of the sun he had a vision of dying speaking with God in heaven and being told to teach the new dance to the people his prophecy was similar to that of wwab he said that he saw the settlers leaving or disappearing the Buffalo returning and the land
• 01:30 - 02:00 restored to Native people all across the continent in this Vision ancestors would be brought back to life and all would live in peace Wok's father Tavo had befriended and assisted wwab during his life after tavo's death Woka had been raised by the American family of David Wilson hearing of the new Prophet among the pyute representatives from many different tribes traveled to speak with him
• 02:00 - 02:30 letters were sent by leaders of the movement to other native peoples and tribes to explain the vision and ceremony that would help bring about the transformation of the earth leaders of the movement also visited various native tribes to help teach them about the vision and the dance Wok's teachings emphasized maintaining a peaceful relationship with the settlers growing up he had some exposure to Christianity so it is not surprising that there are
• 02:30 - 03:00 mentions of Jesus or a messiah in his teachings he stated that by practicing the Ghost Dance his vision of a peaceful world would become reality Woka described the dance to his followers when you get home you must begin a dance and continue for 5 days dance for four successive nights and on the last night continue dancing until the morning of the fifth day when all must bathe in the River and then return
• 03:00 - 03:30 to their homes you must all do this in the same way I want you to dance every six weeks make a feast at the dance and have food that everybody may eat gathering around the Native Americans wore clothing of eagle feathers claws horns called the ghost shirts these tribal attires were thought to protect the natives from bullets then the medicine men and Prophets address addess
• 03:30 - 04:00 The Crowd by reminding them of the message and guiding them through the process of the ceremony including the direction of the dance the chant and the formation of the circle Ghost Dance medicine men singers stood in the middle sometimes around a sacred pole while participants held hands and danced around in a circle with a shuffling side to side step swaying to the rhythm of the songs they sang as the people danced it was common that some dancers fell
• 04:00 - 04:30 into a trance distancing themselves from the circle some would even fall down unconscious the Ghost Dance could have hundreds even thousands of participants the Bureau of Indian Affairs agents grew Disturbed when they became aware that so many natives were coming together and participating in a new and unknown event in early October of 1890 kicking bear a Lakota Sue visited Sitting Bull at Standing Rock telling him of his visit
• 04:30 - 05:00 to Woka he told him of the great number of other natives who were there as well rring to Woka as the Messiah and he told him of the prophecy that the next spring when the grass was high the Earth would be covered with new soil and bury all the white men the new soil would be covered with sweet grass running water and trees and the great herds of Buffalo and wild horses would return
• 05:00 - 05:30 all natives who danced The Ghost Dance would be taken up into the air and suspended there while the new Earth was being laid down then they would be returned to the Earth along with the ghosts of their ancestors as the dance spread to the lotas sue the Bureau of Indian Affairs agents became alarmed they claimed that the Lota developed a militaristic approach to the dance and began making ghost shirts they thought would protect them from bullets the natives also spoke
• 05:30 - 06:00 openly about why they were dancing the agent in charge of the Lota eventually sent the Tribal Police to arrest Sitting Bull and to force him to stop the dance in the struggle that followed sittingbull was killed along with a number of policemen following the killing of sittingbull the United States sent the Army to disarm the lotu during the events that followed now known know as
• 06:00 - 06:30 the Wounded Knee Massacre on December 29th 1890 457 US soldiers opened fire upon the lotas Su killing more than 200 of them 25 policemen were also killed the Ghost Dance reached its peak just before the Wounded Knee massacre in 1890 when it became apparent that ghost shirts did not protect from bullets and the expected Resurrection did not happen
• 06:30 - 07:00 most former Believers quit the Ghost Dance Woka disturbed by the death threats and disappointed with the many reinterpretations of his vision gave up his public speaking however he remained well respected among his followers and continued his religious activities he traveled and received visitors until the end of his life in 1932 after the Wounded Knee Massacre during 1891 and 1892 the Ghost Dance
• 07:00 - 07:30 spread to the PA Oto Missoura Iowa oage and quapa each tribe composed its own songs and adapted the dance in accordance with participants own Visions Reviving oldtime clothing weapons dances and hand games on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota Commissioner of Indian Affairs Thomas J Morgan visited Oklahoma territory and seeing no signs of violence as the result of Ghost
• 07:30 - 08:00 Dance made no attempt to prohibit it the Ghost Dance continued uninterrupted in Oklahoma until at least 1914 other movements and dances such as the Su dance bear dance peyote religion and Native American Church share aspects of the Ghost Dance Movement such as foretelling a better time and guiding natives to a better life there are still members of this religious movement today
• 08:00 - 08:30 the Ghost Dance Movement continues to be a symbol for Native Americans to attempt in preserving their Heritage thank you for watching if you liked the content please consider subscribing sharing the video and supporting the channel on patreon we also launched our merch so make sure to check it out the link is in the description