Tesla's Robotaxi Revolution in Austin: A Leap or a Step Back?

Tesla's Robotaxi Launch: A New Era in Austin

The launch of Tesla's robotaxi service in Austin, Texas, marks a significant milestone in the journey toward autonomous public transportation. Elon Musk's visionary approach has come to fruition in a city known for its tech-savvy population and rapidly growing innovation ecosystem. The deployment of approximately 20 robotaxis, albeit with human safety monitors onboard, signifies Tesla's cautious but bold step in this emerging market. Despite their limited number, these vehicles have already sparked a mixture of awe and skepticism in both the public and investment communities. Following the launch, there was a notable 8.2% surge in Tesla's stock, underscoring investor confidence in the potential of autonomous vehicles to revolutionize urban mobility. However, this excitement is tempered by the irony of past promises, with Musk's ambitious timelines and predictions for full autonomy often delayed or unmet [source].

Austin's regulatory landscape has played a pivotal role in facilitating the introduction of Tesla's robotaxis. Unlike many states, Texas offers a relatively lax regulatory framework, which has allowed Tesla to navigate fewer bureaucratic hurdles compared to other regions. This strategic advantage aims to accelerate the adoption of Tesla's autonomous technology, providing an initial edge in the highly competitive autonomous vehicle sector. Nevertheless, Tesla faces scrutiny from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, primarily due to user-reported videos showcasing incidents of erratic driving. Such regulatory attention highlights the ongoing challenges in aligning cutting-edge technology with rigorous safety standards, a balance that is crucial for gaining public trust and ensuring widespread adoption [source].

Public reception of Tesla's robotaxi rollout has been mixed, reflecting a broader societal debate over the readiness and safety of autonomous vehicles. Enthusiasts and early adopters have praised the smoothness and comfort of the rides, yet concerns remain prevalent over the vehicles' capabilities to manage real-world driving scenarios without human intervention. Videos of the robotaxis reportedly engaging in traffic violations have further fueled these concerns, leading to broader discussions about the viability and ethical implications of self-driving technology. This division in public opinion underscores a critical challenge for Tesla as it advances its robotaxi ambitions – the need to address safety concerns comprehensively and transparently to foster trust among prospective users [source].

Stock Market Reaction to Tesla's Robotaxi Deployment

Tesla's robotaxi deployment in Austin, Texas, serves as a pivotal moment in the evolution of autonomous vehicles. The introduction of approximately 20 robotaxis, equipped with human safety monitors, marks the company's initial step towards a broader vision. Despite the modest scale, the announcement triggered an 8.2 percent rise in Tesla's stock, translating to a $96 billion increase in market capitalization. This surge underscores investor optimism, which contrasts with the cautious reception from regulators concerned about safety and compliance [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html).

Elon Musk's ambitious predictions for the robotaxi sector have yet to fully materialize, adding an ironic layer to Tesla's current achievements. Historically known for making bold promises, Musk envisions a future where the robotaxi business contributes trillions to the global economy and allows owners to leverage their vehicles for profit by sending them on errands autonomously. This vision, however, faces challenges ranging from regulatory scrutiny to technological hurdles such as ensuring safe and reliable performance in diverse driving conditions [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html).

The buzz created by Tesla's robotaxi announcement is tempered by media reports and public videos highlighting instances of erratic driving, which have caught the attention of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). This scrutiny exemplifies the delicate balance between rapidly deploying new technologies and ensuring public safety. Moreover, the presence of major competitors like Waymo, which already operates a more extensive fleet, intensifies the need for Tesla to address these safety issues promptly [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html).

Public opinion on Tesla's robotaxi initiative reveals a divided landscape. While some hail the innovation for its potential to revolutionize transportation, others express dissatisfaction over safety and readiness. On platforms like Reddit and Hacker News, discussions often draw unfavorable comparisons to Waymo's seemingly more mature technologies. This split in public perception highlights the significant influence of community sentiment on the success and adoption of autonomous vehicle technology [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html).

Long-term implications of the robotaxi deployment could be profound. Economically, the stock surge might be temporary if Tesla fails to convince the public and regulators of its technology's safety. Socially, the initiative could reshape public transportation, potentially displacing traditional taxi services, while politically, it may prompt stricter regulatory environments that could either hinder or guide the technology's growth responsibly. The road ahead demands careful navigation to align innovation with safety standards and public expectations [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html).

The Reality of Tesla's Autonomous Vehicles: Human Safety Monitors Included

Tesla's recent robotaxi launch in Austin, Texas, has sparked significant interest and debate. Despite the deployment of only 20 robotaxis, each equipped with a human safety monitor, Tesla's stock surged, significantly boosting its market capitalization. This launch is emblematic of Elon Musk's ambitious vision for a future dominated by autonomous vehicles, yet it's also a reminder of the gap between aspiration and current technological realities. For now, the inclusion of human safety monitors underscores the ongoing challenges faced by Tesla in achieving fully autonomous operation. Notably, this move comes amid longstanding promises by Musk about the imminent arrival of self-driving vehicles .

The presence of safety monitors in Tesla's robotaxis highlights both the technological and regulatory hurdles the company must overcome. While Tesla anticipates a lucrative future in the autonomous ride-hailing market—a sector it believes could be worth trillions—current realities necessitate human oversight. This measure not only serves as a precaution against the erratic driving reported in video footage but also as a response to regulatory scrutiny by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The NHTSA's attention was drawn after reports emerged of driving behavior that violated traffic laws, such as sudden stops and incorrect lane usage .

Despite the challenges, Tesla's robotaxi launch signifies a pivotal step in a broader industry trend towards autonomy in transportation. However, this progression is not without its skeptics, as public reactions have been mixed. Some early test riders praised the smoothness and comfort of rides in these robotaxis, although videos depicting erratic driving have cast a shadow over these initial positive experiences. The reactions range from enthusiasm about the technological advancements to concerns about safety and readiness, reflecting a divided public opinion on this groundbreaking initiative .

Elon Musk's vision of a widespread robotaxi network capable of operating independently is still in its early stages. Nevertheless, the current deployment in Austin serves as a testing ground not only for technological capabilities but also for public and regulatory acceptance of autonomous vehicles with human supervisors. As Tesla moves forward, it will need to navigate the complex landscape of safety, technology, and regulation to fulfill its long-term predictions about the robotaxi business. The company's ongoing interaction with regulators like the NHTSA will be crucial in addressing these issues and ensuring a path forward that balances innovation with public safety .

Regulatory Challenges: The Role of NHTSA in Tesla's Robotaxi Deployment

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) plays a crucial role in the regulation of new automotive technologies in the United States, including Tesla's ambitious robotaxi deployment. As Tesla launches its robotaxi service in Austin, Texas, the NHTSA has been particularly attentive, given the potential safety implications of autonomous vehicles. Tesla's move to deploy around 20 robotaxis, which still require human safety monitors, underscores the cautious approach being taken amidst regulatory scrutiny. Erratic driving reports from users, which have caught the attention of the NHTSA, highlight the complex challenge of ensuring safety and compliance with traffic laws in the rapidly evolving autonomous vehicle industry [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html).

In addition to safety concerns, Tesla's robotaxi deployment presents regulatory challenges associated with technology disclosure and data sharing. The NHTSA has requested detailed information on Tesla's technologies and operational protocols to assess compliance and safety standards. However, Tesla is resisting the public dissemination of their responses, citing the need to protect confidential business information. This stance has sparked a debate on transparency versus innovation protection, complicating the regulatory framework that the NHTSA must navigate to strike a balance between public safety and technological advancement [3](https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-wants-us-withhold-all-answers-robotaxi-deployment-public-view-2025-06-23/).

The regulatory stance taken by the NHTSA will likely have significant implications for Tesla's expansion plans and the wider autonomous vehicle industry. While Texas' relatively relaxed regulatory environment initially favored Tesla's deployment strategy, the NHTSA's involvement adds a layer of federal oversight that might necessitate stricter compliance measures. This could lead to potential delays and additional costs for Tesla as they work to address the operational challenges highlighted by both the NHTSA and public scrutiny. As Tesla navigates these hurdles, the evolving regulatory landscape will play a decisive role in shaping the future of autonomous mobility in the United States [6](https://www.theverge.com/tesla/691975/tesla-robotaxi-mistake-nhtsa-regulatory-weak).

Elon Musk’s Vision for the Future of Robotaxis

Elon Musk has often been regarded as a visionary, frequently outlining ambitious plans for the future of transportation. One of his most talked-about ventures is the development of Tesla's robotaxi fleet, a concept he believes could revolutionize the way we think about urban mobility. According to Musk, the robotaxi business has the potential to be worth trillions, enabling car owners to earn income by sending their vehicles off to work autonomously when they're not in use. This vision, although grand, is based on the notion that Tesla can successfully improve their self-driving technology to the point where it can be deployed widely and safely. This journey, however, has not been without its challenges, as regulatory scrutiny remains a significant hurdle, especially in light of recent events in Austin, Texas .

The launch of Tesla's robotaxi service in Austin marked a critical step towards Elon Musk’s vision, albeit with a modest deployment of around 20 vehicles. Despite the limited rollout, the event spurred an impressive rise in Tesla's stock value, suggestive of investor confidence in Musk's long-term strategy. It's noteworthy that while these robotaxis are equipped with cutting-edge self-driving technology, they currently require human safety monitors to avoid potential mishaps. This highlights the practical challenges Tesla faces in achieving full autonomy in public settings, a feat critical to Musk's ultimate goal of a vast, fully autonomous robotaxi network .

Musk has repeatedly promised a future where autonomous vehicles dominate the roads, yet this vision has been met with skepticism due to numerous unfulfilled promises over the years. The mixed public reactions to Tesla's robotaxi launch underscore the balancing act between innovation and reliability. Initial enthusiasm among test riders was quickly tempered by concerns following reports of erratic driving from the new fleet. This has attracted the attention of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, reflecting the regulatory challenges Tesla is facing. For Musk, overcoming these obstacles is crucial to realizing his vision, as regulatory approval and public trust are imperative for the large-scale adoption of robotaxis .

Regulatory environments play a pivotal role in shaping Musk's vision for Tesla's autonomous ambitions. The choice of Austin for the robotaxi launch was strategic, leveraging Texas's more lenient regulatory framework compared to other states. Nonetheless, even in Texas, Tesla is not immune to scrutiny. The erratic driving incidents reported have necessitated ongoing investigations, signaling that while the legal environment in Texas may favor innovation, it does not eliminate the need for stringent safety measures and compliance with federal standards. Musk must navigate these regulatory hurdles if the robotaxi concept is to become a staple in future urban landscapes .

Looking ahead, the implications of Tesla's robotaxi endeavors are vast, potentially reshaping economic, social, and political landscapes. Economically, the success of the robotaxi service could threaten traditional taxi and ride-hailing industries, spurring a significant shift in urban transportation solutions. Socially, while some individuals are excited by the prospect of autonomous travel, others remain cautious, particularly concerning safety and job displacement for human drivers. Politically, the results of ongoing investigations and regulatory adjustments may influence future policies on autonomous vehicles. Thus, Elon Musk's vision is not just about the technological aspect but also involves navigating a web of social and regulatory dynamics that will ultimately determine its realization .

Tesla vs. Waymo: Competitive Landscape in the Autonomous Vehicle Market

The landscape of the autonomous vehicle market presents a fascinating juxtaposition between Tesla and Waymo, two of the industry's most prominent competitors. Both companies are at the forefront of developing self-driving technologies, yet they approach this challenge from distinctly different angles. Tesla, led by the charismatic Elon Musk, recently launched a fleet of robotaxis in Austin, Texas. Despite deploying just 20 robotaxis with human safety monitors, Tesla's stock experienced a notable surge, reflecting the market's perception of Tesla's potent potential [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html). However, this move has not been without hurdles; erratic driving reports have invited scrutiny from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [1](https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html), highlighting the challenges of perfecting autonomous driving systems.

In contrast, Waymo, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., operates a comprehensive and expansive robotaxi service. With a fleet of over 1,500 vehicles, Waymo's strategy emphasizes steady scalability and solidifying regulatory compliance. The company plans to expand its operations by adding another 2,000 vehicles by the end of 2026 [1](https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/why-teslas-robotaxi-launch-was-easy-part-2025-06-24/). Unlike Tesla, Waymo's approach has been more conservative in its rollout, ensuring that its technology meets rigorous safety standards before scaling up, a strategy that has, so far, shielded it from significant regulatory backlash.

The competitive dynamics between Tesla and Waymo extend beyond technology and fleet size; they reflect deeper philosophical and operational differences. Tesla capitalizes on its ability to mass-manufacture and quickly deploy software updates to enhance vehicle autonomy, a capability that is as much a strength as it is a risk, given the current regulatory environment. This aggressive model aims to rapidly capture market share but leaves Tesla vulnerable to intense scrutiny and potential regulatory roadblocks [1](https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/why-teslas-robotaxi-launch-was-easy-part-2025-06-24/).

On the other hand, Waymo leverages its affiliation with Google to integrate advanced AI and machine learning technologies into its vehicles, prioritizing safety and reliability above market dominance. As both companies forge ahead in this competitive landscape, the balance they strike between innovation and safety will likely determine their respective trajectories in the autonomous vehicle market. The differences in their approaches underscore the diverse strategic options available in the rapidly evolving autonomous vehicle sector and how these choices impact their positions in this high-stakes industry.

Public and Media Reactions to Tesla's Robotaxi Launch

The public and media reactions to Tesla's recent robotaxi launch in Austin, Texas, have been quite polarized. On one hand, the launch has been met with enthusiasm by many, particularly among Tesla's fanbase and industry influencers who often highlight the innovative leap forward in autonomous vehicle technology. Test riders have expressed positive feedback, noting the rides as both smooth and comfortable, which has helped bolster some initial positive reactions within the community . However, these optimistic views are contrasted by significant concerns over the safety and readiness of the technology.

Critical feedback primarily stems from videos circulating online that showcase erratic driving behavior by the robotaxis, such as speeding and lane misuse. This has garnered negative attention and raised alarms with safety regulators, notably the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which has launched an investigation to scrutinize these issues further . Such scrutiny highlights the delicate balance Tesla must manage between pursuing technological innovation and ensuring public safety and trust.

The mixed public reception is further complicated by the broader market implications of the launch. Tesla's stock experienced a noteworthy surge, reflecting investor optimism regarding the company's potential in the autonomous driving space. However, this financial boost is cautiously viewed as potentially fleeting, should the safety concerns not be adequately addressed . This economic aspect underscores the importance of resolving operational challenges to sustain long-term investor confidence.

Media coverage has been instrumental in shaping the narrative around the robotaxi launch. Major outlets have reported both the advancements and the mishaps, ensuring a wide spectrum of perspectives are presented to the public . The debate over safety, potential job displacement, and regulatory hurdles continues to gain traction, further fueling discussions about the future landscape of autonomous vehicles.

Despite being a nascent deployment, the reaction to Tesla's robotaxi venture is already significantly influencing public discourse and has incited discussions on online platforms such as Reddit and Hacker News. These forums reflect a community divided between those who are hopeful about Tesla's ambitious future and skeptics who emphasize the current safety deficits and regulatory challenges . Ultimately, the path forward for Tesla’s robotaxis will likely depend on their ability to navigate these complex issues and prove the viability of their autonomous vehicles in real-world conditions.

Texas as a Regulatory Haven for Tesla's Robotaxis

Texas has emerged as a pivotal regulatory haven for Tesla's ambitious robotaxi project, offering a relatively lenient environment that has allowed the company to deploy its autonomous vehicles with fewer bureaucratic hurdles. Austin's welcoming regulatory climate stands in stark contrast to other regions where Tesla's previous attempts at rolling out autonomous technology faced significant challenges. This environment has provided Tesla with a fertile ground to test and showcase their innovations, albeit under the close watch of federal safety regulators drawn by emerging safety concerns (source).

The choice of Texas as the launchpad for Tesla's robotaxi fleet underscores the state's role as a catalyst in the evolving landscape of autonomous vehicles. Historically known for its business-friendly policies, Texas offers Tesla the flexibility needed to scale its operations without being bogged down by stringent regulations seen in other states. This strategic move not only aligns with Tesla's aggressive expansion strategy but also harnesses the state's infrastructure suited for extensive real-world testing (source).

Despite the advantages, Tesla's journey in Texas is not without its obstacles. The initial rollout of robotaxis with human safety monitors highlights ongoing challenges in achieving full autonomy. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's scrutiny looms large following reports of erratic driving patterns, demonstrating that even in a seemingly favorable regulatory haven, there remains an undeniable need for stringent compliance and safety assurances (source).

Expert Opinions: Evaluating Tesla's Robotaxi Strategy

Tesla's recent launch of its robotaxi service in Austin, Texas, has sparked a variety of expert opinions regarding the strategy's viability and potential impact on the market. Some analysts see the deployment of roughly 20 robotaxis, even with human safety monitors, as a testament to the company's ambition. The operation in Austin has undoubtedly contributed to an increase in Tesla's market capitalization, reflecting positive investor sentiment despite the limited scale of the rollout. These developments, however, come with a layer of irony, especially when considering Elon Musk's well-documented history of unfulfilled promises about autonomous vehicles, a point raised in a detailed report over at Slate.

Experts also bring an analytical perspective on Tesla's capabilities and challenges. A significant advantage for Tesla is its mass-manufacturing prowess and ability to implement rapid software updates, which could help it swiftly dominate the robotaxi sector if the technology performs reliably. Yet, caution persists regarding the technological hurdles Tesla faces. Specifically, programming AI to effectively manage a diverse array of driving conditions — referred to as 'edge cases' — remains a cumbersome obstacle. Predictions and current limitations suggest that Tesla's aspiration to scale its self-driving fleet will not be a straightforward journey. This sentiment echoes within the community of analysts over at Reuters.

Furthermore, safety concerns have not only dominated public debate but also attracted scrutiny from regulatory bodies such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The spotlight on Tesla's robotaxis, prompted by incidents of erratic driving behavior, highlights the need for rigorous testing and regulatory compliance before wider acceptance. Experts argue that a premature expansion prioritizing rapid deployment over stringent safety validation could tarnish Tesla's reputation and hinder broader industry adoption. This regulatory dilemma is thoroughly analyzed in a Guardian report, drawing parallels with Tesla's ambitious and challenging expansion strategy.

In summary, while Tesla's robotaxi initiative demonstrates the company's innovative edge and has temporarily elevated its financial standing, the strategy elicits cautions as much as it invites optimism. The essential balance Tesla must achieve involves ensuring safety and earning public trust while they scale operations and contest regulatory challenges. As experts scrutinize Tesla's approach, the inherent risks and rewards appear closely intertwined, suggesting a complex road ahead for both Tesla and the autonomous driving industry as a whole.

Public Concerns and Reactions: Safety and Trust in Autonomous Vehicles

The launch of Tesla’s robotaxi fleet in Austin, Texas, has sparked a myriad of public concerns and reactions, largely centered around safety and trust in autonomous vehicles. While the initiative marked a significant step forward in the autonomous driving landscape, it also brought to the forefront various apprehensions. Despite the presence of human safety monitors in the robotaxis, videos have surfaced showing these vehicles engaging in erratic driving behavior, such as exceeding speed limits and driving on the wrong side of the road. These clips, widely circulated on social media and news outlets, have fueled skepticism about the readiness and reliability of the technology (Slate).

In response to these safety concerns, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has initiated an investigation, focusing on whether Tesla's robotaxis comply with national traffic laws and safety standards. This scrutiny reflects a broader apprehension about the implications of introducing autonomous vehicles on public roads before they are thoroughly tested and proven safe. The regulatory pressure not only challenges Tesla's ability to expand its fleet swiftly but also underlines the critical importance of ensuring these vehicles operate without posing a hazard to public safety (The Guardian).

Public trust in autonomous vehicles is paramount, yet mixed reactions to Tesla's latest endeavor highlight the challenges in achieving this trust. Early adopters and technology enthusiasts express optimism regarding the convenience and future potential of robotaxis. However, there is a palpable divide, with a significant portion of the public and online communities raising doubts about the technology's current state and safety. Skeptics argue that the public's safety is paramount, and premature deployment could have serious consequences. Discussions on platforms like Reddit often compare Tesla unfavorably to competitors like Waymo, which boasts a more extensive and reportedly safer fleet (Hacker News).

The implications of these public concerns extend beyond immediate safety issues and into the broader landscape of autonomous vehicle acceptance. Economically, the initial stock surge following Tesla’s robotaxi announcement might falter if ongoing safety issues remain unaddressed. Socially, the contentious reception may slow widespread adoption, as potential users weigh the benefits of cutting-edge technology against their safety concerns. Politically, the growing regulatory scrutiny from bodies like the NHTSA may compel policymakers to enforce stricter regulations, ensuring a balance between maintaining public safety and encouraging technological innovation in the automotive industry (Slate).

The Road Ahead: Future Implications of Tesla's Robotaxi Launch

Tesla's introduction of robotaxis in Austin marks a pivotal moment in the transportation industry, aiming to redefine urban mobility. The launch has not only captured the imagination of tech enthusiasts but also triggered a significant boost in Tesla's market capitalization. Despite deploying only 20 robotaxis, which include human safety monitors, the stock surged by 8.2%, adding a staggering $96 billion to Tesla's market value. This financial leap underscores investors' confidence in Tesla's autonomous venture, even amidst concerns that echo Elon Musk's history of bold, yet often delayed, promises on full autonomy [https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html].

However, the journey to an autonomous future is riddled with challenges, both technological and regulatory. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has put Tesla's robotaxis under the microscope following reports of erratic driving behavior, which have triggered safety alerts and public scrutiny. Videos showing the robotaxis violating traffic rules, such as driving on the wrong side of the road, have fueled debates about the readiness and safety of Tesla's autonomous technology [https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html].

The competitive landscape further intensifies as Tesla faces pressure from rivals like Waymo and Uber, who are advancing their autonomous technology and fleet size. Waymo, for instance, already operates a far larger fleet of 1,500 robotaxis across several U.S. cities, with plans for expansion. This competition underscores the necessity for Tesla to rapidly innovate and address technical flaws if it wishes to capture a significant market share in the burgeoning autonomous vehicle sector [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjwnlje3yp1o].

Socially, the launch of robotaxis is likely to have profound implications. The enthusiastic early adopters stand in stark contrast to those wary of safety and the potential loss of jobs traditionally filled by human drivers. For Tesla to achieve widespread public acceptance, addressing these safety issues is key. Moreover, Tesla's ambition to revolutionize urban transport could reshape the societal fabric, influencing how cities approach mobility and regulate autonomous technologies [https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html].

Politically, Tesla's progress prompts a deeper exploration of policies governing autonomous vehicles. The balancing act between embracing technological innovation and ensuring public safety will heavily influence future regulatory landscapes. Stricter standards expected from bodies like the NHTSA could pose barriers but could also drive the industry towards safer, more reliable autonomous solutions [https://slate.com/technology/2025/06/elon-musk-tesla-robotaxis-stock-rise-austin-texas.html]. As Tesla navigates these waters, its strategy and the resulting public perception will be pivotal in fostering trust and securing its position in the autonomous vehicle market.