Trump's Controversial NASA Budget Cuts Stir Concerns Among Experts

The recent proposal to reduce NASA's budget by 24% raises significant concern among the scientific community and the public. Such a reduction would mark NASA's lowest fiscal allocation since 2015, signaling a major shift in the United States' space exploration priorities. This proposal, put forth by the Trump administration, aims to focus NASA's endeavors on human lunar and Martian exploration, while cutting back research and development in other critical areas. Although funding for future Moon and Mars missions is slated for an increase, projects like the Mars Sample Return Mission and the Space Launch System could face significant cutbacks. This shift could not only hinder scientific discovery but also result in the loss of billions of dollars invested in ongoing projects. The potential impacts of these budgetary adjustments are profound, prompting extensive discussion and debate among lawmakers, scientists, and the broader public. The proposed changes are not merely financial adjustments; they significantly realign NASA's strategic focus and risk undermining the United States' leadership in space science and exploration.

The focus on Moon and Mars missions represents a key strategic pivot in NASA's space exploration efforts, driven by both scientific intrigue and broader geopolitical objectives. Investing in these missions allows NASA to continue its role as a front-runner in human space exploration, reaffirming the U.S.'s commitment to leading the world in space technology and innovation. Despite the budget cuts proposed by the Trump administration, which threaten numerous other programs within NASA, the growing interest and investment in lunar and Martian exploration suggest a prioritization of tangible human missions that capture the public's imagination and offer potential commercial opportunities to the growing private space sector such as SpaceX [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

Amidst the turbulent fiscal landscape proposed by cuts to NASA's budget, the emphasis on Moon and Mars projects reflects a shift towards prioritizing ambitious human spaceflight missions over traditional scientific endeavors. This strategy, although controversial, underscores a national desire to establish permanent human presence beyond Low Earth Orbit. The Moon represents a stepping stone for technological and logistical trials necessary for Mars missions. Successes in lunar exploration can provide crucial insights into the challenges of deep space travel, potentially mitigating risks associated with the much longer journey to Mars. In this context, focusing on visionary projects may redefine success in space exploration, from bringing back rocks to landing humans on extraterrestrial soil [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

The uprisings concerning NASA's funding, while pushing for an increase in financial support, have paradoxically aligned with the aggressive push towards Moon and Mars missions. This strategic focus encourages partnerships with commercial space companies, reflecting a broader trend towards the privatization of space initiatives. These collaborations could potentially accelerate the timeline for human exploration, fostering innovation across the industry. For example, SpaceX's progress with the Starship aligns with this new vision, promising a robust platform for future missions. By directing attention to the Moon and Mars, NASA aims to maintain competitive footing on the global stage, stimulate technological advancements, and inspire a novel generation of explorers and scientists [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

The prioritization of Moon and Mars exploration poses several implications for NASA's existing infrastructure and resource allocation. As resources are rechanneled towards these missions, there is a notable shift from traditional scientific projects, which have historically contributed to our understanding of space and its phenomena. This reallocation signifies a possible new era in space exploration, defined by a pursuit of pioneering achievements over exhaustive scientific catalogs. Moreover, the involvement of private companies in government-led space endeavors reflects a changing paradigm, where innovation isn't limited to state agencies but is a collaborative effort spanning multiple sectors. As these changes unfold, it will be imperative for NASA to balance its commitment to exploration with maintaining scientific discovery as a core objective [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

The proposed budget cuts to NASA, initiated under the Trump administration, stand as a pivotal moment in the realm of space science and exploration. These cuts have been characterized as the largest single-year reduction to NASA's budget in American history, aiming to decrease NASA's budget by 24% for fiscal year 2026. This proposed reduction is expected to drastically shift the agency's priorities, redirecting focus towards human space exploration efforts, notably lunar and Mars missions, at the expense of other vital scientific research. The most immediate impact is the potential cancellation of significant projects, such as the Mars Sample Return Mission, viewed as a cornerstone for unearthing new scientific discoveries about Mars' history and potential for life.

The economic landscape surrounding NASA is poised for significant change, with budget reallocations influencing the broader U.S. aerospace industry. Companies heavily invested in NASA projects, including Lockheed Martin and Boeing, face the threat of substantial financial losses due to the proposed cancellation of major programs like the SLS and Gateway spacecraft. As these reductions ripple through the economy, their effects are likely to be felt by thousands of employees, many of whom play critical roles within NASA's wide-reaching supply chain. While reduced government spending may align with fiscal conservatism, the adverse effects on employment and economic stability within regions heavily reliant on NASA cannot be overlooked.

Scientifically, the implications of these budget cuts are vast. A projected 50% reduction in space science mission funding threatens to stall critical research into understanding celestial phenomena such as the habitability of exoplanets and dark energy. Additionally, by scaling back Earth science initiatives, these cuts could dampen efforts to address pressing global issues like climate change. As policymakers and space agencies worldwide shift focus toward human exploration, there are growing concerns that scientific exploration could be sidelined, limiting the potential for transformative scientific discoveries.

Politically, the proposed budget has sparked considerable debate and raised questions about the future trajectory of the United States' space policy. Opposition is expected from various lawmakers, particularly those representing states with strong NASA presences, such as Texas and Florida. A key issue is the balancing act between maintaining leadership in scientific research while advancing human space exploration. These budgetary changes could herald a pivotal shift towards greater privatization of space exploration, with companies like SpaceX potentially set to fill the void left by reduced NASA presence.

On a broader scale, the long-term impacts of these cuts could be profound, reshaping the role of the U.S. in the international space community. As countries like China continue to invest heavily in space technology and research, reducing NASA's capacity for innovation and exploration risks undermining America's competitive edge. Moreover, diminished educational funding threatens to impact the future STEM workforce, potentially stifling the next generation of scientists and engineers. With all eyes on how Congress will respond to these proposed changes, the fate of NASA's future remains uncertain and hinges on the evolving political landscape.

Congress plays a pivotal role in the United States government's budgeting process, acting as both a check and balance on the executive branch's proposed budgetary allocations. When it comes to significant and impactful budget proposals, such as the Trump administration's proposed cuts to NASA, Congress's involvement becomes even more crucial. The legislative branch has the authority to revise and modify any proposed budgets, ensuring that they reflect a broader spectrum of governmental priorities and public interests. For example, in the case of proposed budget cuts to NASA's funding, Congress's decision-making process will likely involve weighing the benefits of fiscal conservatism against the potential setbacks in scientific research and international space leadership.

The process of budget approval by Congress is intricate, involving multiple committees and stages of review. Key committees, including the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, play essential roles in scrutinizing the specifics of the budget proposal. These committees assess the implications of budget cuts on various sectors, such as space exploration and scientific advancement. The discussion within Congress often reflects broader political and ideological debates, where differing priorities can lead to intense negotiations. For NASA's budget, Congress will consider arguments for maintaining a robust space program, against the backdrop of fiscal constraints and evolving priorities in space exploration.

Congress’s decision on whether to approve, amend, or reject the administration's budget proposal significantly impacts NASA's programs and projects. Given the proposed 24% reduction to NASA's budget, Congress's actions will determine the agency's ability to continue its planned missions and initiatives. Any modifications to the budget will require Congress to take into account expert opinions, the economic implications of potential project cancellations, and the long-term prospects for U.S. leadership in space exploration. As the final arbiter of budget approval, Congress ensures that funding allocations align with national interests and strategic goals.

The role of Congress in budget approval extends beyond just financial decisions; it influences the strategic direction of government agencies like NASA. Congressional hearings and deliberations provide a forum for discussing the broader impact of budgetary decisions, including the potential for advancements in technology and science that such investments might facilitate. Furthermore, congressional oversight ensures accountability, requiring clear justifications from the executive branch for significant budgetary changes. This oversight becomes especially relevant in areas with profound economic, social, and political impacts, as is the case with NASA's budget.

Ultimately, Congress wields significant power in shaping the future of space exploration through its budgetary decisions. The interplay between the executive and legislative branches ensures that budget proposals, such as those affecting NASA, undergo thorough evaluation. While the executive branch might propose substantial cuts to specific programs, Congress serves as a balancing force that can preserve essential functions and projects, potentially mitigating adverse effects on scientific research and economic vitality. The legislative process reflects the dynamic nature of American governance, balancing competing interests to serve the nation's broader goals.

Comparing NASA's proposed budget cuts under the Trump administration to historical budgets reveals a notable decrease in funding, potentially marking a significant shift in the agency's trajectory. Historically, NASA received its peak funding in the 1960s during the Apollo missions, with a budget equivalent to a significant portion of the federal budget. These years showcased immense investment in space exploration, reflecting national priorities during the space race era. In comparison, the proposed fiscal year 2026 budget would slash NASA's finances by 24%, potentially dropping it to its lowest level since 2015, as analyzed by various experts and reports like the one from Time.

While previous administrations often sought to balance human exploration with scientific research, the current proposed cuts appear to prioritize lunar and Mars missions at the expense of other scientific endeavors. This stark contrast highlights a shift towards prioritizing human exploration and privatization, even as it risks sidelining significant scientific research initiatives. Such decisions resonate with concerns from historical trends where budget allocations directly influenced the scope and scale of NASA's projects and goals.

Interestingly, these proposed cuts raise questions about NASA's future capability to sustain its leadership in space exploration. Just as in the past, when budget reductions led to project cancellations and delays, current cuts could potentially compromise NASA’s ability to innovate and lead globally. The substantial budget slash echoes the reduced ambitions that NASA faced during the post-Apollo era when public and political interest waned, resulting in tightened budgets and constrained programmatic aspirations.

Overall, the comparative analysis indicates a repeating cycle where NASA’s funding is often reflective of broader political and economic priorities. As noted by critical commentaries, such as those from Spaceflight Now, the proposed budget reflects a pivotal moment where the emphasis seems to veer away from a balanced approach to be aligned more with fiscal conservativism and privatization efforts.

The Trump administration's proposed budget cuts to NASA have sparked widespread debate and concern across various sectors. A key driver behind these cuts is the administration's focus on fiscal conservatism and reducing government spending. By slashing NASA's budget by 24%, the administration aims to realign government priorities, emphasizing cost-saving measures and seeking to increase privatization in the space sector. In this context, the proposed budget drastically reduces funding for several key programs, despite increasing allocations for the Moon and Mars missions [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

One of the significant factors influencing the budget cuts is the administration's desire to prioritize human space exploration over other scientific missions. This strategic shift is intended to align with the broader goals of advancing human presence on the Moon and Mars, considered pivotal for national pride and technological advancements. However, this approach has raised alarms among the scientific community, who argue that it undermines comprehensive space science programs essential for understanding the universe and our place within it [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

Another driving factor is the perception of inefficiency and ballooning costs of certain NASA projects, such as the Mars Sample Return Mission and the Space Launch System. The administration labels these programs as over-budget and not aligned with their efficiency objectives. By cutting funding to such programs, there is an implicit expectation that the private sector, notably companies like SpaceX, can fill the void by delivering similar capabilities more cost-effectively. This move also hints at a strategic pivot towards fostering a competitive, commercial space industry that might assume some of NASA's previous roles [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

Moreover, the budget proposals reflect an ideological shift towards reducing the federal government's role in space exploration, a stance strongly associated with Trump's administration's broader economic philosophy. This philosophy promotes privatization as a means to drive innovation and reduce taxpayer burden. However, critics argue that this shift could lead to the erosion of international leadership in space, thicker competition, and potentially jeopardize long-term scientific research efforts due to fluctuating market dynamics and priorities [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

The proposed budget cuts to NASA as outlined by the Trump administration stand to significantly alter the landscape of space exploration and scientific advancement. By slashing NASA's budget by a considerable 24%, the agency faces its leanest years since 2015. Such drastic reductions could steer the space program away from its longstanding objectives, particularly concerning projects like the Mars Sample Return Mission and key space science initiatives. While the funding for Moon and Mars missions sees an increase, the compromise comes at the expense of broader space science programs that are essential to comprehending fundamental cosmic phenomena and fostering innovation in aerospace technologies. As noted by Time, these cuts could not only stifle scientific discovery but might also lead to considerable financial losses due to the cancellation of already invested projects.

These budgetary shifts also reflect a broader movement towards the privatization of space exploration activities, as evidenced by the expressed desires to amplify the roles of companies like SpaceX. By potentially scaling back on NASA's mammoth projects such as the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Orion spacecraft, the government appears to be pivoting its focus. While this could invigorate the commercial space sector, it risks sidelining the capabilities of NASA's proven legacy systems and expertise. The Trump administration justifies such reallocation by underscoring fiscal conservatism and aims to catalyze private sector innovation in space technology, yet this could leave numerous scientists and engineers in a lurch, as Time reports.

Moreover, the move may instigate a reallocation of priorities that values human exploration over scientific discovery. This has raised alarms among scientists who fear that the long-term consequences could be a decline in America's ability to lead in the realm of space technology on a global stage. The potential erosion of international partnerships, primarily due to broken commitments in collaborative projects like the Mars Sample Return and Gateway, would not only diminish NASA's global standing but could alter geopolitical dynamics in space exploration as noted in the Time article.

These proposed financial constraints are undoubtedly a cause for concern, resonating deeply within academic, governmental, and public spheres. Education initiatives and STEM programs, which are pivotal for cultivating future generations of space scientists and engineers, face imminent threats under this austere budget. The cuts could impede efforts to inspire and educate youth, thereby placing America's future workforce at a disadvantage in the burgeoning global space economy. This calls for concerted advocacy from scientific communities and educational institutions to emphasize the critical nature of sustaining a robust and comprehensive space program, as detailed by Time.

In conclusion, the ramifications for NASA and the broader space industry due to these proposed budget cuts extend far beyond numerical reductions in funding. They symbolize potential shifts in focus from a holistic view of space science and exploration to more economically driven strategies that prioritize immediate returns over transformative research and innovation. As noted in the Time article, the Trump administration's budget proposal introduces significant risks that could undermine both current exploration efforts and America's long-held position as a leader in space technology. A re-evaluation of these decisions with a balanced consideration of long-term scientific, economic, and geopolitical implications will be essential to ensure the continued legacy and success of NASA's missions.

The proposed budget cuts to NASA as outlined during the Trump administration have sparked a profound dialogue about their potential repercussions on major NASA projects. These reductions, slated for fiscal year 2026, threaten to redistribute priorities within NASA, potentially stunting several key initiatives that have been integral to American space innovation. While the budget does allocate increased funding towards Moon and Mars missions, important projects such as the Mars Sample Return Mission and elements of the Artemis program face severe cuts, which could signal a substantial restructuring of NASA's explorative focus. The reduced emphasis on the Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion spacecraft projects, along with a decreased focus on the Gateway spacecraft, indicates a shift in strategic priorities that might undermine ongoing commitments, posing risks of losing momentum in these crucial explorations. These projects, previously recognized for their transformative potential in advancing human space exploration, could face setbacks as resource allocation becomes scarce. Further details on the budget impact can be found here.

Privatization in the context of space exploration poses a complex set of implications. On one hand, it provides opportunities for rapid advancement and innovation, as seen with companies like SpaceX taking significant strides in space technology and launch capabilities. The proposed budget cuts to NASA by the Trump administration, which are the lowest since 2015, highlight this shift, prioritizing Moon and Mars missions while drastically cutting funding for other programs . This move towards privatization could stimulate private sector investments and foster a competitive environment that might drive technological advancements. Yet, the cuts also raise apprehensions regarding the abandonment of critical scientific missions, the loss of expert workforce, and a potential decline in U.S. leadership in global space research.

The implications of privatization are further magnified by its impact on international collaborations. NASA's reduced budget may strain existing partnerships, with other nations possibly re-evaluating their commitments when faced with potential loss of U.S. backing . For instance, missions like the Mars Sample Return and the Gateway, crucial for collaborative international efforts, face uncertainty. The shift could result in a fragmented global landscape where countries might opt to develop parallel systems rather than rely on U.S.-led initiatives, potentially leading to increased costs and duplication of efforts.

Moreover, this privatization strategy underscores a broader ideological debate about the government's role in scientific advancement versus commercial interests. The transition towards a commercially driven approach might prioritize profitability over public scientific interest, affecting open research and development . While private companies could benefit from contracts previously held by NASA, the shift may also result in reduced emphasis on exploratory science and Earth monitoring missions, thereby impacting climate research and public data availability.

The move towards privatization brings forward questions about the sustainability and long-term viability of space exploration. Without public funding supporting sustained, non-commercial research, the primary motivation for space missions might skew towards profit-driven goals rather than broader scientific enlightenment or humanitarian benefits. Critics argue that such a model could lead to a narrowing of research focus, potentially hindering projects that lack immediate commercial appeal but hold long-term scientific value .

The proposed budget cuts to NASA under the Trump administration have sparked significant public outrage and a wave of criticism from various sectors. Across social media platforms, hashtags such as #SaveNASA and #AmplifyScience have become rallying cries for those opposed to the cuts. Notable political figures, including Representative Grace Meng, have described the cuts as "shocking," highlighting the potential devastation to research and education initiatives [source](https://spacenews.com/nasa-budget-proposal-draws-strong-criticism/). Concerns about the cancellation of key projects, like the Mars Sample Return Mission, have resonated with the public due to the accompanying waste of previously invested resources [source](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

Amidst the public uproar, there is considerable debate over the shift towards privatization within the space sector. Critics argue that this shift could undermine established aerospace companies and disrupt international collaborations. Both the European Space Agency (ESA) and Canada have voiced concerns regarding the potential impact on joint projects such as the Mars Sample Return and the Gateway program [source](https://spacenews.com/nasa-budget-proposal-draws-strong-criticism/). This potential shift towards commercial space exploration has prompted questions about the balance of power between government agencies like NASA and private companies like SpaceX.

Expert opinions on the proposed 24% budget cut to NASA are largely negative, with many describing the move as one of the most impactful on the agency's capabilities. The Planetary Society has labeled these cuts as the "largest single-year cut to NASA in American history," pointing out the catastrophic 47% reduction in the science budget, which threatens to cancel missions like the Mars Sample Return [source](https://www.space.com/space-exploration/experts-alarmed-as-white-house-proposes-largest-single-year-cut-to-nasa-in-american-history). The Society, along with other scientific organizations, has urged Congress to intervene and protect NASA's essential programs from being dismantled.

Similarly, the American Astronomical Society (AAS) has raised alarms about the long-term detrimental impact of cutting NASA's Science Mission Directorate by 47%. They argue that such drastic reductions will not only sideline critical research but also jeopardize America's historical leadership in scientific discovery [source](https://www.space.com/space-exploration/experts-alarmed-as-white-house-proposes-largest-single-year-cut-to-nasa-in-american-history). The AAS and other experts caution that the proposed cuts represent a significant threat to ongoing research efforts, some of which require decades of commitment to bear fruit.

The economic, social, and political landscapes undergo significant shifts with government budget decisions, as highlighted by the proposed NASA budget cuts under the Trump administration. Economically, the repercussions of a 24% reduction in NASA’s budget are profound, particularly for the aerospace industry. Large contractors like Lockheed Martin and Boeing, traditionally reliant on substantial government contracts, face potential revenue losses due to the cancellation of projects such as the Mars Sample Return Mission, Space Launch System (SLS), and Orion spacecraft. These cancellations could trigger a domino effect, resulting in workforce reductions and broader economic instability within communities that host these industries, such as those surrounding the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. For smaller businesses and research institutions that depend on NASA's funding, the cuts may stifle innovation and development, slowing progress in technology and space exploration .

Socially, the impact of these budget reductions extends beyond job losses and economic downturns. There is a real danger of stunting advancements in space sciences, with potential gaps in critical research areas such as climate monitoring and the study of phenomena like dark energy or planetary habitability. The reduction of over 50% in funding for space science missions threatens future discoveries that could answer fundamental scientific questions and drive technological advancements. Moreover, significant cuts to educational grants and STEM programs could adversely affect the future workforce, reducing the pipeline of new scientists and engineers needed to maintain the country’s innovative edge .

Politically, the proposal has ignited substantial debate and opposition. Legislators from key states with major NASA facilities are likely to resist these cuts due to the anticipated negative economic impacts and potential loss of global leadership in space exploration. The administration’s prioritization of human exploration over scientific research raises questions about the future direction of space policy. The shift towards privatization, while saving costs, may alter the dynamics between the government and private companies such as SpaceX, impacting traditional aerospace players and possibly reshaping the global landscape of space exploration .

This political contention can lead to gridlock as differing opinions clash over the balance between exploration and scientific inquiry. Advocates for a more traditional approach to funding emphasize the historical benefits of a well-rounded space program that includes both exploration and pivotal science missions. The increased reliance on commercial space endeavors could redefine the role of NASA and challenge the United States' standing in international space collaborations, as allied nations like ESA and Canada question the reliability of ongoing scientific missions .

The long-term effects of these cuts, if implemented, could extend beyond immediate financial and strategic challenges. By potentially squelching innovation and disrupting international partnerships, the United States risks ceding its position as a leader in space and scientific research. The uncertainty of funding may deter future talent from entering fields crucial for continued scientific and technological advancement, undermining the nation’s capability to drive groundbreaking discoveries. Congress will play a pivotal role in this outcome as debates ensue to determine the future of NASA funding and its ramifications on both domestic policy and international space competition .

The proposed 24% reduction in NASA's budget under the Trump administration entails serious long-term consequences for the scientific community and the broader field of space exploration. The significant reduction could not only curtail current research endeavors but also discourage future scientific pursuits. Many projects that take years, if not decades, of preliminary research may be halted or scrapped. For instance, existing investment in the Mars Sample Return Mission could potentially be lost, undermining what has been a substantial and long-term commitment to understanding Mars and its potential to host life. Other nations that continue their progressive investment in space exploration technology might quickly surpass the U.S. in terms of research and development, altering the global power dynamics in space [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

The shift in budget priorities also signifies a potential pivot towards privatization and an emphasis on commercially-driven space activities. This could lead to a reduction in NASA’s workforce and its influence in dictating the objectives of human space exploration. Such a shift poses risks as NASA's traditional role in making significant scientific discoveries might be reduced to secondary importance compared to the agendas of private corporations like SpaceX. Privatization of space exploration could mean the narrower focus of objectives dictated by profit motives rather than scientific and humanitarian interests [1](https://spaceflightnow.com/2025/05/03/proposed-24-percent-cut-to-nasa-budget-eliminates-key-artemis-architecture-climate-research/).

Moreover, the reallocation of budget priorities away from Earth Science could impede critical climate change research. This component of NASA not only advances our understanding of global weather patterns and environmental changes but also contributes data crucial for climate policy-making. Cutting funding to programs that track and analyze Earth’s climate could thus have serious consequences on our ability to respond to pressing environmental concerns. As private entities might not have the same commitment to Earth sciences as NASA does, these shifts could fundamentally alter the scientific landscape [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

The reallocation of funds to human exploration missions, such as those for the Moon and Mars, highlights the growing interest in human occupancy beyond Earth. However, this comes at the expense of other scientific programs that might offer longer-term benefits. Human space exploration ventures are expensive and often have limited immediate scientific returns compared to research that extends our understanding of space environments. This could lead to a reduction in the diversity of scientific inquiry that NASA traditionally supports, and consequently, the range of insights and innovations that such diversity could bring. While human missions capture public imagination and support, they should not come solely at the cost of foundational science [1](https://time.com/7283206/what-trump-proposed-nasa-budget-cuts-mean-for-space-science/).

Ultimately, these budget cuts could have cascading effects on both the national and global stage. Reduction or discontinuation of joint international projects could sour diplomatic relations with countries like Canada and the European Space Agency, who are key partners in missions like Mars Sample Return and the Gateway project. Such alterations could push these nations either to go it alone or seek alliances with other countries that show unwavering support for space exploration investments, potentially influencing global alignment in space diplomacy [1](https://spacenews.com/nasa-budget-proposal-draws-strong-criticism/).