Understanding Miscommunication

AH1 Asynchronous Oct 5, 2020

Estimated read time: 1:20

Summary

In this live recording from AH1 Propositive Communication class led by Serph Fereedz, various aspects of misinformation and the importance of original content in student submissions were thoroughly discussed. The session commenced with an overview of different types of false information such as misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, while emphasizing the need to teach children how to discern credible sources. The latter part of the session focused on the significance of creating original work in academic settings, highlighting issues of plagiarism and the role of creativity, effort, and punctuality in achieving high grades. The discussion concluded with insights into developing reading strategies and collaboration in group assignments.

Highlights

Different types of false information were discussed: misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation. Important distinctions! 🚨
Emphasis on teaching children to discern reliable information from fake news. Train them young! 🧠
Importance of original content in academic submissions to avoid plagiarism. Create, don’t copy! ✒️
Tips for achieving high grades: Be original, creative, and punctual with assignments. Stay ahead! 📅
Understanding varieties and registers of English for better communication. Language is power! 🌍

Key Takeaways

Always verify your sources before you share. Think before you click! 🧐
Teach kids to recognize false information early on. Young minds, sharp eyes! 👀
Original work in academics is crucial for true learning and assessment. No to plagiarism! ✍️
Effort, creativity, and punctuality are key to good grades. Don’t cut corners! 💪
Understanding the different registers and varieties of English can help in effective communication. Speak wisely! 📚

Overview

The session opened with a deep dive into the world of misinformation. Participants were guided through different forms of false content, which included misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation. Each type was explained with examples, emphasizing their impact on public perception, especially in times of global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

The instructor, Serph Fereedz, pivoted to discuss the significance of originality in student work. With examples and anecdotes, students were warned against copying content, which not only diminishes the value of education but also leads to disciplinary actions. The focus was put on creative expression and genuine effort as pathways to true learning and insight.

As the session progressed, attention was drawn to the various linguistic elements like the different registers of English and critical reading strategies. These components were introduced to enhance the participants’ understanding of language use in different contexts and to refine their academic skills further. A collaborative group project was announced, promoting team work and the application of these learning outcomes.

Chapters

00:00 - 02:00: Introduction The chapter titled 'Introduction' begins with a live recording for a course or talk on positive communication, featuring a PowerPoint presentation by someone presumably named Joe. The speaker indicates that the presentation is a review of past material covered, including topics on misinformation, disinformation, and information.
02:00 - 05:20: Misinformation and Disinformation This chapter discusses various forms of false information, including satire, parody, clickbait, misleading content, false context, imposter content, and manipulated content. It also distinguishes between misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information.
05:20 - 12:10: Importance of Original Work The chapter emphasizes the importance of teaching children how to identify false content and disinformation online. It suggests practical steps like finding confirmed disinformation and discussing the trustworthiness of sources with children.
20:50 - 28:00: Language Registers The chapter focuses on the importance of identifying who produced a text and the intended audience for the information. It emphasizes the necessity of sharing truthful information, especially in the context of spreading accurate data about new health threats like the coronavirus. The chapter underscores the value of disseminating information from reliable sources such as governments and health authorities to ensure public safety.
28:00 - 31:00: Break Session The chapter emphasizes the importance of verifying information with credible sources like the World Health Organization or local health authorities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It serves as a reminder to think before clicking, sharing, or speaking since spreading false information can lead to mistrust, panic, and other negative outcomes.
31:30 - 57:00: Critical Reading Strategies The chapter titled 'Critical Reading Strategies' highlights the importance of being cautious about false experts, especially young individuals who present themselves as knowledgeable on social media. These individuals often claim to know better than seasoned experts in specific fields. The discussion emphasizes critical thinking and the need to assess the credibility of sources.

AH1 Asynchronous Oct 5, 2020 Transcription

00:00 - 00:30 hello this is a live recording for ah one propositive communication and i'd like to share with you my powerpoint presentation joe um just moment please all right here we go uh you may be familiar with this one so this is a little review of what we've had in the past we dealt with misinformation disinformation amount information
00:30 - 01:00 and of course you learned about false information we had satire parody clickbait misleading content and um here we have false context imposter content manipulated content and so on and so side by side we have uh this misinformation disinformation and mal information and then we had
01:00 - 01:30 all these things um we said you need to teach your child if you are in the family and you know somebody who has children um children have to be taught um how to spot false content and rumors so find a piece of information online that is confirmed as disinformation and ask your child um do you trust this source who made
01:30 - 02:00 this uh who is the producer of the text and and for whom was the information created and it's very important that we focus on what is truthful because truthful information saves lives and this information helps spread the new coronavirus so share information that comes from reliable sources for example governments and health authorities government agencies i
02:00 - 02:30 should say such as the world health organization your ministry of health or your local health authorities and here this is just a reminder that we have to think before clicking you think before sharing or think before you say something because it could be hurtful right false information mistrust panic and so many things are spread um around covet 19. right here we have
02:30 - 03:00 beware of false experts i think i've explained this to you before there have been many uh young people who have popped up on social media and uh posting their rants and everything as if they are experts right as if they know better than the older generation or then the experts who are in their uh field of specialization right and um i shared this with you also right so this is one way of gauging your
03:00 - 03:30 emotional reaction before sharing you have here before sharing or reacting to content um this is where you are and the content designed to trigger anger fear or sadness can help spread disinformation and hate right so is that disinformation or misinformation you know you need to know the difference so again uh we put these all uh in a line or linear fashion we have this information it's false and it tends to cause harm
03:30 - 04:00 misinformation is false but not deliberately created to harm mal information on the other hand is based on reality but used to inflict harm okay so this is just a little review of what we had and why facts matter with facts we are able to make informed decisions so that means when we are informed and we know that the piece of information that we're uh getting is a fact or a something that is legit then we can make informed
04:00 - 04:30 decisions um if you're not sure if a statement is related to covet 19 is a fact you need to ask that question and check if it's accompanied with credible links if it is accompanied by references sources and legit author's name etc so there are many things that you can do in order to check the legitimacy of the the piece of information that you are faced with right or the piece of information that you are reading perhaps on social media and
04:30 - 05:00 anywhere else okay so here's something about uh my class that i would like to share with you um how you're going to get high assessment ratings or how high grades are high scores in my in my class and so um first uh you have to be original okay so when you say you are original you need to avoid copying the works of others right stop copying paste habit when you're dealing with text
05:00 - 05:30 and then you cite properly all right stimulate your brain before running to google show what you've got so what this means is when you are tasked to write something to submit something you need to be original uh do not copy and paste anything from from anywhere especially on the internet okay it happens that some students submit texts that have been copied and pasted that they copy from the internet without
05:30 - 06:00 knowing that some of the lines there are are actually my line so it's it's really funny when i'm when i'm reading my own lines you know uh most probably i have already read everything that is related to our subject so please beware when you are submitting something and once you submit something that is plagiarized there's not going to be any reason for me to give you a score for that matter alright so please make sure that you are using a text that is original
06:00 - 06:30 use your own english it doesn't matter if your english is bad it doesn't matter if you're if you have a lot of grammatical errors i will always understand as long as you try hard and you express yourself in the english language that's going to be better for you all right so many students do not stimulate their brains anymore when they are asked to produce a text or produce a paragraph they immediately run to google and search for information and then when they find results they just copy
06:30 - 07:00 and so the reality there is that your professor is not grading you but grading the person who created the text that you copied all right so you're not getting the worth of your money when you pay for tuition fees because you don't know you don't get the real authentic um assessment uh record okay so you don't know really um you cannot figure out if you're really learning or not because you don't know
07:00 - 07:30 you don't you're not sure whether or not um your professor is giving you uh the right assessment or not right because there is a confusion you're copying text copying that is something that is produced right so it is better not to waste money right so if i were you you pay for tuition fees study hard be honest be sincere um submit original outputs okay
07:30 - 08:00 and your original outputs will be graded and if your original outputs get created then you know for real what is your real score or what is your real assessment point and in that case it is authentic that you're getting legit information from your professor because your professor graded your original output right so i think that makes sense so you've you gotta show what you've got next you need to show effort avoid
08:00 - 08:30 shortcuts okay i hate people doing shortcuts don't settle for mediocrity that means you aim for the best okay and then you have to leave traces of hard work from your outputs i try to analyze as much as possible if you really put your effort into it and that's where i mostly get the point okay produce a bit more than expected but not overkill
08:30 - 09:00 right so this is one way of ensuring that you are using your good decision and judgment as well that you're not submit you're not submitting too much you're not submitting something that is not enough or inadequate so make sure that you produce um a bit more than expected i mean it's not just ordinary but a little bit over the ordinary but it's not going to
09:00 - 09:30 be too too much right it's not it's not going to be an overkill right so that's uh what i'm looking for another is be creative there is no creativity in duplicating what has already been created so if somebody on the internet has uh has written something and then you duplicate it um there's no point of submitting it to your professor because you're just duplicating it you're just copying it we already know
09:30 - 10:00 that your we professors already know that you have skills in copying it is very easy to copy and paste right but that is still academic dishonesty you need to be inventive so you invent use your imagination stimulate your brains you need to think right and you put effort into your work show your artistry your cleverness your talent your vision your productiveness i i i hope that you understand this so you
10:00 - 10:30 got to be creative right if you need to put something extra in order to let's say make your work more beautiful or more attractive or maybe more impressive then do it right so be creative number four be concise you need to be straight to the point all right i normally do not like reading texts that are beating around the bush do not be verbose that means do not use too much too many words but not really getting to the point so avoid
10:30 - 11:00 using too many words no one enjoys reading wordy texts and combine long sentences into a short one and use variety in your writing so it's not to bore your reader so that means avoid super long sentences and what you can do is um once you have written something so long or very long you can try cutting them into several parts and you know getting the gist or the
11:00 - 11:30 the main points and put them all together in one short sentence so that's what you can do number five do not delay i hate delays i've never been late i've never been absent from my classes and i try uh as much as possible to be in advance especially with regard to submission submissions or submitting requirements to the administration so um regarding uh grade sheets when students are not able to when students have not yet
11:30 - 12:00 completed their requirements or complied with the requirements and i'm done already with the grades i don't usually you wait for the students to to comply all right because that will affect my performance as well and so i immediately um submit grade sheets and all reports to administration uh in no time because i don't want to be late right now try to accomplish tasks
12:00 - 12:30 immediately to avoid piling up procrastinating or postponing tasks for another day is an indication of laziness and lack of interest right so if you have an assignment do it immediately if you have a quiz take it immediately as um as long as you have time right late submissions do not get high rating so that's in my class so if your submission is late then you're not going to get the highest rating
12:30 - 13:00 try to finish everything at once so do not delay next be courteous be humble at all times professors often look for this quality any professor is looking for this quality among students right you have to be nice offer to help or volunteer do not be too demanding it always makes a big impact okay and also be friendly and promote positivism okay and uh for concerns you need to
13:00 - 13:30 talk to your professors not to anyone else in the social media if you have any concerns about my my class or quizzes or whatever uh please talk to me communicate with me coordinate with me do not talk about issues or problems with your classmates or with anybody else because they are not going to be able to help you for the most part if you have a problem or conflict with me or concern that you think i will be able to help then talk to me because i know um
13:30 - 14:00 i will be able to help as a professor okay so other people cannot help you uh last but not the least just like professors students have a job to do right uh update yourself you keep monitoring ask and inquire for anything you may have missed all right stop waiting you need to be active and do something do not be dependent on
14:00 - 14:30 others if i post something like uh an announcement or anything in admodo and it calls for somebody to react please write something to recognize that you have read it right do not just see the posts all right like in facebook when i see traces of scene or seniors as we say um it breaks my heart because there is no reaction from the students right so we need to be engaged because we are dealing with communication
14:30 - 15:00 and that is what things should be okay and how things should work all right so let us continue i hope you got the points there here we have burst the internet bubbles what does that mean try to burst the internet bubbles by clearing history cash caches and cookies to access a plurality of information this is something to do with your computers but it's not really
15:00 - 15:30 your uh important concern so let's go to the next here do you get confused in distinguishing facts from opinions so there is a way to test yourself right test your skills do you know the difference between the terms below like opinions facts let's have this bigger okay opinions facts fact checkable claims predictions hyperbole satire objectivity and sub subjectivity
15:30 - 16:00 and then you check a reputable dictionary a reliable dictionary and and then you find out how well you know about these terms okay you've been using facebook and you've been posting and sharing pieces of information right but do you know all these words and you know the responsibilities that accompany uh that goes with uh responsibilities that go go with these okay so you need to test your your skills um you need to know the differences
16:00 - 16:30 between the terms here all right is it an opinion how do you detect how do you know if it is an opinion how do you know if it's a legit fact all right is the that piece of information checkable is are there claims what are predictions what are hyperbole satire and how do you say that a when do you say that a certain piece of information or a text that is shared over um the internet
16:30 - 17:00 is objective or subjective right so those are the things that you need to know okay next um facts versus opinions right so here let's make a little bit bigger for facts you need to ask can this statement be verified so if you read something on facebook you can ask can this statement be verified can i check this statement or not are the sources reliable so you
17:00 - 17:30 need to check the source of the piece of information that has been shared what supporting evidence was given so look for evidence pieces of evidence um that is why we say you need to think before you click you need to think before you share all right you need to think before you react because if there is a piece of information that is let's say you're not aware of as being false information and then you reacted
17:30 - 18:00 positively people will see um positive reactions and support to that particular false information see and you are part of it and it's not good you see so it is important that you check the source and check the reliability look for pieces of evidence okay and ask can you verify that piece of information right so that's very important
18:00 - 18:30 next um here we have an example um the text is washing your hands frequently can help to prevent the spread of cov19 this is a fact that can be proven this one broadband as a service is comparable to other basic services people need and this crisis highlights that this is this is an opinion because not everyone will agree
18:30 - 19:00 uh with this one all the time right so you know the difference between fact and opinions this is just an example right another thing uh what is objective and subjective information in news so objective information reflects a research finding or multiple perspectives that are not biased or one-sided so a piece of information that you read online um let's say on facebook and twitter and
19:00 - 19:30 what anywhere else in social media right if there is a reference to a research finding sometimes there are citations the names of authors are of a particular research are included including the date then you could probably say it is objective because there is a legit referencing and it offers multiple perspectives that are not biased or one-sided when you are biased you are one-sided several studies show
19:30 - 20:00 that an active lifestyle reduces the risk of heart disease and diabetes right so this is according to several studies this statement so you can say that this is something objective right but this one subjective information presents one person or organization's perspective or interpretation so when you say interpretation comes from your own thinking it's not really based on experiment or
20:00 - 20:30 research outputs right the simple truth is this as human beings we were meant to move so this is an example of subjective information it comes from an organization or person's perspective the way he look he looks at things or or the way the organization looks at things or the view and interpretation as well right so that's objective and subjective now let's go to pay attention to the type of language used in the news
20:30 - 21:00 what is the type of language that is used in news um facts this review has demonstrated blah blah blah according to the results of who research uh 20 blah blah blah of why countries population blah blah right so um these are signals these words are signals that you can um take note so when you have this demonstrated according to and then followed by a legit
21:00 - 21:30 organization all right wait just a moment please i need to pacify my doc sorry about that tip look at the keywords now the keywords that you need to look for or to be sensitive to be watching for are these like demonstrated like how it is used here demonstrated statistics references studies show that blah blah
21:30 - 22:00 blah official data proves that blah blah blah a report coming from the blah blah blah confirmed and discovered so these are uh important words that you need to you know be sensitive to because this will tell you that most probably the piece of information that you're reading is a fact all right or based on reality next uh we have opinions the company claims that blah blah blah in professor brian's view view means opinion so you know
22:00 - 22:30 that when you hear or when you see this word um you are pretty sure that it is an opinion right so the tip is look at the keywords use like claims or argues or view suspect think feel and believe so most probably if you see these words or any of these words then you're dealing with opinions okay take note of these and take screenshots please and here we have news analysis
22:30 - 23:00 and opinions for example you have news events happened and then analysis events that happened could uh could be or can be understood in this way here's what i think about events that happened so let's have examples here we have news the number of cases of covid19 infection keeps increasing globally analysis it is increasing because of this or that reason and next we have opinion the reporter
23:00 - 23:30 gives his or her personal views as to why it is increasing now i'm going to give this to you also as an assignment so you have to create according to your groupings if you have already group groupings in class let me just check that um yes i think you have groupings in class wait just a moment please all right so you have groupings already
23:30 - 24:00 and you know your group members so contact them know each other's contact numbers and you need to collaborate okay so elect your group leader and your group your assistant leader group assistant assistant group leader and you need to decide on how you're going to come up with this homework so basically you are going to present um kind of like uh
24:00 - 24:30 something like this like this an image and what is inside is like this news analysis and opinion so it may be one sentence or two one sentence or two for analysis or in one sentence or two for opinion okay so just based on this slide so i want you to take a snapshot of this one i want you to think about uh your personal observation okay personal observation
24:30 - 25:00 and then individually you take a picture of your output and submit it to your leader or group leader who will then gather all this the images of group members uh and put them all together in one in one piece and to be submitted to me including the names all right so to make sure that every individual every member of the group has participated in the
25:00 - 25:30 what is that production of the assignment now aside from that individual output um all of you are going to discuss you have to decide amongst yourselves uh which one you are going to um which one you are going to submit or put together for submission okay choose the best one and that will
25:30 - 26:00 represent the output of the group now um you can also do something like this for individual members you can take a picture of suggestions maybe it could be an outline of ideas all right take a picture and then submit it to your group group leader and assistant group leader and have a meeting have a group chat where you can decide which one is the best content
26:00 - 26:30 or topic to present news analysis and opinion and so the whole group is going to decide on making something like this right kind of like this image right that will include news analysis and opinion you don't need to write a paragraph no paragraph whatsoever just a sentence or two maximum two sentences right that will fit in the whole thing and you will have to submit it in edmodo
26:30 - 27:00 i will just post something as like assignment and i will post there uh put your submit your outputs here and the group leader and the assistant group leader will have to make sure that the name the names of each the name of each member of the group is included okay complete name but i will request that family names be written first family names first always in my class family names
27:00 - 27:30 first because that's where i refer to it's very easy and convenient and easy for me to and fast very efficient for me to organize data all right and also to grade you and um make sure that everybody's name who has participated is included and also put an indication if one or two
27:30 - 28:00 members were not able to participate okay and that is very important so that is what i'm going to expect from the group leaders if you are able to comply with that requirement then you get additional points if you submit something incomplete out of my expectation which is not included in which is not there as i expected then you do not get additional points all right so that just make sure that you follow instructions carefully
28:00 - 28:30 all right now group leaders are group leaders and ought to check the attendance or not the participants uh uh cooperation right take note uh if you can have if you can provide little descriptions of of how group members participate or contributed to the output of the group then it is better group leaders are going to get additional points right um group leaders and assistant group leaders
28:30 - 29:00 job like i posted on edmodo is not to give orders not to primarily give orders but to organize the group and make sure that everybody is working together putting their effort together for a collaborative output okay and the members job i put also in edmodo please review the points there you need to cooperate and comply do not be a headache to everybody else do not be the weakest link okay do not just contradict and contradict
29:00 - 29:30 and you're not doing anything you're not contributing anything because you're not helping the group okay so please make your group solid start having a meeting and talk about how you are going to make your group strong and on top because the grade of the group is the grade of everybody in the group so if the group gets a grade of 95 everybody every member in the group gets 95. right so um but if somebody
29:30 - 30:00 in the group is pass away and it's not cooperating it's not producing output that particular individual can pull the group down you know what i mean and i'm really serious about this okay it can pull the group down so the group will never have a high mark in that case so please make sure that everybody cooperates okay so that's just about your grouping and please take note of this slide this is slide 50
30:00 - 30:30 by the way right so this is going to be i'm just going to post i think this image uh in your assignment task okay and you know what to do right and i'm going to give you um i will indicate there when is the due date all right i'm going to give you time of course okay so let's continue please remember that slide 50 all right so you talk about uh talk amongst yourselves you with your
30:30 - 31:00 group mates and remind everybody about slide this is slide 50. excuse me let's go on to the next so there i have marked it as your group assignment okay this is your group assignment now uh here we're talking about what communication here is is here we have what where when we have who why how we have a lot of
31:00 - 31:30 questions right and uh we have types of communication i think we've done this already but inter intrapersonal communication means you are communicating with yourself you're talking with yourself talking to oneself interpersonal communication is talking with another person all right i think i've given you examples already right dude wait just a moment okay
31:30 - 32:00 and let's click this one yeah i've already explained this to you the seven principles of communication so we are actually now going to slide 81. there where we are supposed to have uh the new lesson which is varieties of and registers of spoken and written language right
32:00 - 32:30 when we say varieties um where where did you meet this word where did you encounter this word variety or varieties you probably have heard about variety store but yes variety store what else variety show right variety show so what is variety store and varieties variety show when you say variety store variety varied that means yeah varied means different different things
32:30 - 33:00 different objects different you know hello hello right a mixture of different things that's variety variety show uh you can imagine a show that presents different uh themes different maybe show different games uh different uh let's say if there's a game game show inside that particular program and then there's
33:00 - 33:30 another part of it is let's say uh singing another another part of it is competition and many other things all right so that that is a variety show i'm i'm pretty sure you've uh watched or you've been watching variety shows on television but here what we're talking about is varieties and registers of spoken and written language
33:30 - 34:00 so let's begin all right with varieties for example to explain the word varieties we have a banana we're just trying to understand the word varieties all right for the sake of everybody no for understanding everybody knows what banana is right and there are many different varieties of
34:00 - 34:30 banana right you know right and there's also saba right and there's also boom boom what is this bungalan whatever i'm not familiar with this one but i know saba and lakatan right and also there is uh latan and we also have mondo okay so these are different senorita there's these are different varieties of
34:30 - 35:00 bananas right which one is your favorite there's even i've seen banana that is colored red have you seen uh a banana red banana i don't know what what is the variety i don't know what the variety is okay but i think it's delicious too bananas monkeys love bananas i'm not a monkey though i'm just kidding no i'm pretty serious i'm a human being i'm not okay monkey okay anyway
35:00 - 35:30 so these are the varieties of bananas again we're just trying to understand the term variety right because you may be asking now varieties of bananas here um we are dealing with different bananas okay they are different in size right some some bananas are long some bananas are big some bananas are small i think this one is small right but i don't know which one is the biggest here but anyway
35:30 - 36:00 i think i've seen sabah and latanda senorita i think is the smallest i'm not really sure in la catan my favorite is this one nakatan especially if it's cold you put it in the ref refrigerator there and then you eat cockpit oh perfect match all right anyway uh these varieties are different when it comes to texture so they texture some some of them are smooth some of them are rough you know um and they also differ they are different in when it comes to shape
36:00 - 36:30 some are straight some are curved and here we have taste they are also they also have their distinct and unique taste on each of them right so they're different and also smell and also color right like i told you earlier there are green bananas but you can readily eat them there are red bananas as well they're yellow bananas right yellow green and and whatnot so what we're
36:30 - 37:00 we're talking about here is varieties of something when there are varieties of something these varieties are different in many different things many in many different aspects just language it's like language language has different varieties the english language for example has uh different varieties right so another way of understanding varieties is by giving you pictures like this if you can zoom in this is a variety
37:00 - 37:30 store so as you can see there are many different things that are for sale we have pails here plastic what is this uh pots and artificial flowers we have maybe cards and balloons and everything so pretty much uh a mixture of different things there are even bags there and i think some musical stuff and whatnot all right so we're not really sure but it is selling uh ladies bags
37:30 - 38:00 what else electronics clothes grocery items something for gardening hardware etc all right so what you call this variety store because you have hardware household kitchenware garden diy mobile accessories grocery ladies bags electrical enclosed pet needs or [Music] yeah etc okay so that is varieties
38:00 - 38:30 and another is are we gonna have another picture here let's see yeah so there are different varieties of language so varieties take note of that here we have english varieties when you say english varieties we are talking about for example american english that also includes british english that's another variety and also
38:30 - 39:00 australian english that's another variety you also know canadian english right so that's the english used by the canadians in canada we also have what we call irish english and also new zealand english and there are many other englishes in the world and they are called english varieties but these ones are the major ones because these are the native speakers of the language they are the rightful owners of the english language okay but aside
39:00 - 39:30 from that we all we have other varieties like filipino english and we have japanese english what else we have that's just double korean english what's uh next we have thai english and then we have chinese english right aside from that we also have indian english so there are many many varieties of english malaysian english you can just name it you know german
39:30 - 40:00 english you have russian english indonesian english what else singaporean english and all these varieties of english not only this one but many other englishes we call it englishes of the world they are different in many different aspects like vocabulary all right that means the words american english words or vocabulary different from british english so for example in american english you say elevator but when it comes to
40:00 - 40:30 british english you say lift right for americans you say truck but for british they say lori for americans you say engineer but for british they say engine driver right so there are many different uh words between american english and british english so they are different in vocabulary now let's compare let's say american
40:30 - 41:00 english with filipino uh english right so in in american english the word master all does not exist as in master degree no it does not uh exist even if you look it up in a dictionary you will not find the word master al masteral right you will not find the word masteral but everybody in the philippines understands the word
41:00 - 41:30 masteral master degree american english says master's degree it's masters with apostrophe s and then degree but in the philippines we say master degree okay so that is because that is our english that is the variety of our english right another thing is um in american english when you have the word salvage or salvage that means to restore
41:30 - 42:00 something put put it back to life right like a broken television set or maybe a computer or an old car and you want to clean it up and make it functional again make it look like brand new that and that is restoring something and that is salvation salvaging right but in the philippines when you say salvage it means like this right kill somebody right so uh we have different vocabulary items or
42:00 - 42:30 entries right and not only that for example in the in the us you say barbecue when you say barbecue that means the grill but in the philippines when you say barbecue it is the thing that you eat on a stick right so there's really a difference between the varieties of english right so not only in vocabulary they are also different when it comes to pronunciation they're different when it comes to pronunciation let's say uh you've heard about either
42:30 - 43:00 or either british say either americans say either right and the way filipinos pronounce english words are different um it's different from the way americans pronounce words right because they're native speakers we have different sound system sounds or phonology okay so pronunciation we also have different uh differences in spelling like british english we'd say let's say color c-o-l-o-r for americans
43:00 - 43:30 and then c-o-l-o-u-r for british english another is honor n-o sorry n o h-o-n-o-r for americans and for british you have an extra u so the spelling is h o n o u r right another is favor for americans they spell it f a v o r without the u but british spell it with
43:30 - 44:00 f a v o u r that is a favor all right just like other words like savior right and there's also center sometimes it's spelled c-e-n-t-e-r that's american spelling but in great britain it's spelled c-e-n-t-r-e so something like that so um these two different varieties of english are different when it comes to spelling
44:00 - 44:30 as well not only the pronunciation vocabulary and also structure they're also different in accent of course right you've heard how uh british people speak english they sound differently when compared to american english and also grammar so there are many things or many aspects uh by which or with which english varieties are different right so i think this is pretty uh understandable
44:30 - 45:00 right okay so i hope you understand this slide okay now let's go to uh messages um we are going to talk about messages so these are things wait just a moment please clickable all right a message refers to any form of communication all right so please take
45:00 - 45:30 note of that one um wait just a moment we are not done with that yet that one yet it refers to any form of communication there must be something clickable here but i'm not really sure okay something must come out this one any form of communication so let's say you have
45:30 - 46:00 information you have feelings and ideas you know see these two people are communicating they're communicating feelings they're communicating ideas they are communicating pieces of information and uh all these things are passed or transmitted using a channel okay these are passed or transmitted using a channel just a moment please
46:00 - 46:30 i'm not sure if you can hear hello my test just testing my microphone
46:30 - 47:00 um i'm dealing with a technical issue here but i st uh i hope you can still hear me all right so we say that a message refers to any form of communication that may be in the form of that maybe in a form of information um ideas feelings you know and they are passed or
47:00 - 47:30 transmitted using a channel and when we say channel what we mean are these things it may be face to face broadcast media electronic mobile written television video calls two-way radio uh you know skype you're familiar with skype and also you probably heard about zoom and especially uh facebook messenger right so these are all channels of communication this is through which um information feelings and ideas and
47:30 - 48:00 thoughts whatnot are transmitted through or passed through okay so that is message and now let's go to the types of message or type types wait just a moment types of sorry types of text okay so types of text we have narrative we have directive descriptive expository
48:00 - 48:30 and argumentative now i want you to take notes of these these are the types of text okay first we have the narrative text and when we say narrative text we mean this uh it has something to do with the real world events and time so here we are talking about fictional or non-fictional
48:30 - 49:00 so when you say fictional something that is not really true or not based on reality so we can have examples like fairy tales or novels and when you say non-fictional that means um they are true and they are factual so examples of this are coming from newspaper report maybe documentary all right so here we have with narrative we have sequencing of events because
49:00 - 49:30 narrative means uh it tells a story it tells a story okay so a narrative let's put it here a narrative tells a story okay so if you write something like a paragraph and it tells a story that text is called a narrative text all right just as simple as that um there is a sequencing of events that
49:30 - 50:00 means the the events are in a particular order all right so when you're telling a story you do not start or begin at the end of course you begin with your introduction you begin where you're supposed to begin right so that's what it means um when you are dealing with a narrative text there is a recounting or telling of events okay there is a recounting or telling of
50:00 - 50:30 events you tell a story all right so that is narrative text we go to the next one which is directive directive text what is a directive text directive text has something to do with tangible future activity and we are dealing with imperatives when you say imperatives that means these are like orders or requests so here we have
50:30 - 51:00 examples hand me the paper don't put it on a table help me make it through the night all right so those are imperatives it means they are forms of commands or order or maybe requests all right we also have polite requests so just the word itself directive when you say directive you direct something like a director directing the actors the actors and actresses right so with polite questions we can say would you hand me the pen
51:00 - 51:30 or could you could you do that for me please or i wonder i wonder what the paper says about the the issue or the issue okay now the last one does not end with a question mark as you notice here because this is um a very polite expression um it is not directly asking it is it is not directly asking a person
51:30 - 52:00 um to say something about the issue that the paper is discussing or that the paper is presenting but it's just basically giving a hint to that person you're talking to to give pieces of information or maybe explain and say something about the issue all right so for example
52:00 - 52:30 you are the last person left in the classroom with another person and that another person is a stranger you don't know that person okay so what are you gonna do you don't have your watch your wrist watch and you want to know what time it is but you are kind of shy or embarrassed or timid or you're you're hesitating to talk to that person because you don't know that person he's a stranger right but you really really need to know the
52:30 - 53:00 time and you need to ask the question and you might approach this person and ask i wonder what time it is right but in that case you're not actually asking like a regular question like you're using a regular question ending with a question mark you're just giving a hint actually and you're saying i wonder i wonder what time is it but you are addressing the the statement to that particular person to that stranger all right so that's how you do it
53:00 - 53:30 and that is very polite okay especially when you're in the u.s and you use that particular style or maybe structure or expression then that's very comfortable to most people especially strangers right if you're asking something and you're you don't know really that person so uh you kind of use this kind of expression right so that is about directive text now let's go back to this the next one
53:30 - 54:00 is descriptive so by the word descriptive we describe persons and we also describe things in space so it says here descriptive text shows through careful observation how a thing is done highlighting the features qualities and distinctive aspects in order to provide a clear picture so what that means is you are giving or
54:00 - 54:30 you are presenting the features or the qualities or distinctive characteristics of something like when you describe a house you say that this house is a smart house because it is powered by solar system solar panels i should say and at night the lights automatically turn on and during the daytime the lights automatically turn off and we also have a special robot like
54:30 - 55:00 robot that cleans the house and it knows where to go right there are stairs in the house but the robot cleaner knows and recognizes stairs and so there is no possibility for it to fall down so when you describe like this and you write it on a paper your text is called descriptive text all right so i hope you understand that and next we have
55:00 - 55:30 examples here so for example a text picturing a scenery on the farm so that is a descriptive text or a text presenting a scenario of covid19 patients in the hospital so you write something about covet patients uh covet 19 patients in the hospital and another example is a text describing how a particular gadget works right
55:30 - 56:00 how a particular gadget works sometimes we get descriptions from advertisements or from websites about how a particular app or a program that is downloadable to your mobile devices work okay or maybe you can download it to your pc or laptop or desktop computer for that matter so the text that you're reading is called descriptive
56:00 - 56:30 text right so anything or any paragraph or any text that describes is called a descriptive text now let's go to the next one expository all right so expository expository text identify and characterize phenomena wait just a moment
56:30 - 57:00 so um here we have for example subjective subjective essays wait just moment i'm looking for clickable items right subjective essays for example we have summaries clarifications explications and definitions right
57:00 - 57:30 these are usually things that you submit in school when you are asked to write like summaries right for example in your english class back in high school maybe your teacher asks you to read a story or maybe a fable or whatever it is and then they ask you to your professor or your your teacher asks you to write a summary so that is an essay that's subjective and then
57:30 - 58:00 you have clarifications right so when you write a text and you are clarifying something an idea that isn't that was not very clear at first you tried to clarify it then that is subjective essay another explanations explications is just another word for explanation so when you write something and you explain something an idea a concept or how a thing works no that's descriptive
58:00 - 58:30 or what a thing is about then that is explication and of course you know definitions you give you provide definitions you define things you tell basic basically in general what what a thing is right so that x that is expository writing or expository text and the last one we have here is argumentative or argumentative text and so when you
58:30 - 59:00 say argumentative text we refer to the receiver's beliefs must be or the receiver's beliefs must be changed because you are presenting arguments in your text all right so you are presenting your arguments right and you have pieces of evidence right and there is a logical flow what else and you try to be as persuasive or convincing
59:00 - 59:30 as as you can as persuasive and as convincing as you can alright so uh this type of text can be found in debates advertising text arguments now probably you're asking sir why why advertising text and that is because the text that you use for advertisement or advertisements are argumentative or argumentative
59:30 - 60:00 in nature why because you're trying to convince the consumers that your product is the best and blah blah blah see you are trying to convince your uh audience your readers your clients your consumers of your product that your product is the number one product amongst compared to the others right so that is called argumentative so that's
60:00 - 60:30 these are the types of texts that we have so we have narrative directive descriptive expository argumentative right so there you go wait just a moment please i'm having a technical difficulty with my system here the microphone is
60:30 - 61:00 going on and off sometimes loud sometimes faint see there it goes again i don't know what's happening but i need to check this check this out okay so what's next we have what is this um this is just going back so please remember narrative right
61:00 - 61:30 what else we have directive uh we also have descriptive um we are talking about the different types of text okay and then we have the expository where we have these things okay you can take screenshots guys and just imagine the slides for easy review for quizzes and major exams all
61:30 - 62:00 right and here let's talk about registers okay um there are different language registers as we know so the first one is familiar when we say registers we refer to the level of formality so basically we're just talking about
62:00 - 62:30 formality whether the language that we are using in a particular situation is formal or informal okay so we are talking about again level of formality that is when you talk about registers all right so the first is familiar register so from this gauge we have informal register and as we go
62:30 - 63:00 to the right we have formal register right so first we have familiar and then informal and then we have formal and ceremonial so let's have familiar first okay right here we have familiar register familiar register or familiar language
63:00 - 63:30 register usually contains slang terms right and uh jargon when you say jargon you can still read that one if you can they it means special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand so it includes terms expressions and words that are used only by a particular group
63:30 - 64:00 of person within a particular field right that other people may not be able to understand okay familiar register this type of language also lacks grammar and spelling and also punctuation so this is probably what you use when you are talking or having a conversation with your very very close friends or maybe
64:00 - 64:30 within the family where you can crack jokes you know you can use words and expressions that you are not allowed to use when you're talking with strangers or with other people right so that's one um description of familiar register um familiar register also is normally used between people who know each other very well right so
64:30 - 65:00 you can just imagine your your the language that you use when you are talking with your close friends right sometimes there are even curses sometimes there are bad words but you know these are not meant to to show that you are evil or to show that you are a bad to show that you are a bad person but you use you use this particular register because you want to show how close you are uh to your um peers or barcadas right
65:00 - 65:30 so that's what it means and um we have an example here this is an example of uh this register familiar hey we'll arrive tonight did not catch bus later john so this is a text message okay from a person and that is using familiar register
65:30 - 66:00 so you notice here that there is no mentioning of name because that is understood already and this one is not complete will arrive tonight there is no subject and here there is no subject did not catch bus there's even no article here or definite article the did not catch the bus but in complete sentence you will need the here and subject here like i
66:00 - 66:30 i did not catch the bus right here i will arrive tonight and then later instead of saying it full like see you later or i'll talk to you later or we'll get together later right so and here is john john's name so this is an example of familiar register right that's just an example okay so we now proceed to informal register
66:30 - 67:00 right so here as you can see it familiar registers between people who know each other very well in here you can see informal generally used in journalism and sometimes sometimes used in academic writing in school right so and here formal is mostly used in academic writing mostly this one is sometimes but this one is mostly used in academic
67:00 - 67:30 writing highly grammatical so your english must be uh grammatically correct your sentences uh speeches historical documents seriously formal that's ceremonial we'll go to that later on but this time our concern is informal so informal uh language register is generally used in journalism occasionally used in academic writing
67:30 - 68:00 and how we describe it is that it has casualness between language users so the people talking with each other are casually having a conversation um there is carefulness with grammar okay carefulness with grammar so you are you're thinking about uh maybe you're conscious about grammar right uh you would like to um
68:00 - 68:30 formulate your formulate your sentences in such a way that you are very sure that your sentences or structures are correct okay and another thing there is a conversational tone so that is informal language okay informal language another is that is a colloquial language colloquial language um i would like you
68:30 - 69:00 to research on this all right colloquial language and try to understand what that means next we have the formal language here we have informal and here we have formal language register uh this is mostly used in academic writing it is neither it is not colloquial it is not personal the objective this is uh there is an objective
69:00 - 69:30 expression of strong opinions this is formal language register and it is highly grammatical so with the informal we say that it is something that where speakers pay attention to grammar but not very much but here uh the sentences are highly grammatical okay and here we we have we follow formal conventions formal conventions
69:30 - 70:00 that means whatever is standard in formal language we follow right we do not deviate we do not violate rules okay so that's what it means follow formal conventions conventions just means anything that is standard within formal language anything that people
70:00 - 70:30 accepts or anything that is acceptable within formal language anything that people have gotten used to or have gotten across themselves accustomed to using or um seeing in within formal language register so that's what it means by convention right and finally we go to ceremonial language register and sometimes this is used in
70:30 - 71:00 transcripts of speeches or historical documents okay so remember that speeches or historical documents and we have examples here an example rather look at the type of english here it's ceremonial superman super mega ultra formal i stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride humility in the wake of those great architects of our history who have stood here before me pride in
71:00 - 71:30 the reflection that this home of legislative debate represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised so this is a type of super mega ultra form formal language register it is extremely formal that we call it ceremonial language register right so i hope that you got the meaning
71:30 - 72:00 or the differences between uh the different language registers so i think i have explained this to you before the language registers so what it basically means is the formality level of the language that you are using when you are communicating changes depending on the situation whether you are in school or maybe if you are in school maybe you are at home or at the church or at a meeting
72:00 - 72:30 at an interview so the language that you are using is different language formality of course at home you can use um very informal expressions but when you're in an interview of course you're not allowed to use that automatically you tell yourself okay i have to avoid this term i have to avoid this expression because it's not allowed all right so you are using a different a different language register
72:30 - 73:00 that has a different formality level so just imagine register refers to the level of formality level one how do you describe the formality level you may say for example okay the formality level is level one tomorrow i'm going to have an interview so the language formality level is going to be going up right here okay so that is all about um
73:00 - 73:30 ceremonial language register what is what else um informal language register formal language register and the other one is familiar language register so please don't forget those things please review okay so right at this point um we are going to have a little break so i think i have uh introduced to you i think uh
73:30 - 74:00 three different topics major topics so it is good for our brain to relax a little bit and let's say after 10 minutes maybe grab a cup of coffee go to the garden stretch your muscles get some fresh air we are going to be back with our um lesson okay so here we are going to go to our break
74:00 - 74:30 time okay break time so i'm going to give you 10 minutes only and after 10 minutes please come back and we will continue so don't pause this uh just keep it running and once the time is over uh i will be back with you basically i'm just going to be here all right just waiting for the time to uh finish right so just 10 minutes all
74:30 - 75:00 right so
75:00 - 75:30 hmm
75:30 - 76:00 okay so we're back here
76:00 - 76:30 wait just a moment please let me show
76:30 - 77:00 myself
77:00 - 77:30 i have i hope you've taken a break
77:30 - 78:00 already
78:00 - 78:30 so here we go
78:30 - 79:00 now we are going to talk about seven
79:00 - 79:30 critical reading
79:30 - 80:00 strategies
80:00 - 80:30 when we say
80:30 - 81:00 seven critical reading strategies
81:00 - 81:30 these are actually the things that you
81:30 - 82:00 need to be proficient
82:00 - 82:30 with okay or proficient in
82:30 - 83:00 uh many students read text or read
83:00 - 83:30 paragraphs
83:30 - 84:00 without understanding because
84:00 - 84:30 i think they have developed the habit of
84:30 - 85:00 just finishing the paragraph
85:00 - 85:30 or maybe finishing the sentences reading
85:30 - 86:00 reading the sentences and the main goal is not to finish but to understand and so when we read text paragraphs especially long paragraphs we need to employ seven critical reading strategies the first one is previewing so
86:00 - 86:30 the word previewing has the prefix pre okay pre so that means before you need to preview or before right this one learning about a text before actually reading it okay so uh previewing prepares you to expect so this one you need to preview the text
86:30 - 87:00 to have a general idea about the topic so if you have a general idea about the topic you know what to expect right so it is very helpful that you preview the text that you are going to read another thing is number two the general idea will set your mind to focus on the meaning and content for better understanding so your mind is like ready uh ready to focus on the meaning and
87:00 - 87:30 content and you will have a better chance of understanding what you are reading when you employ previewing and next previewing prepares you what to expect during the reading activity so you know what to expect um you're not like clueless you're not waiting for something you you don't know anything about right so you're actually waiting for something that you expect okay because you
87:30 - 88:00 have a preview of what you are going to read and so that's the importance of um previewing okay that is the importance of previewing all right so let's go to the next one next is contextualizing so the word contextualizing comes from the word context and as you know context refers to a particular uh context means situation right situation um that is
88:00 - 88:30 placing a text in its historical biographical and cultural uh context we don't have any text here wait just a moment please yes contextualizing so that means you are placing a text in its historical biographical or cultural context what does that mean what do you think i want you to think
88:30 - 89:00 while you're listening to me contextualizing maybe putting yourself um in a situation where the topic plays around maybe after previewing because the first one is previewing so that means you are already familiar with the topic i mean you know what to expect already alright so thinking about the situations maybe thinking
89:00 - 89:30 about the situations that are presented in a text so this is one thing that you can do all right uh situations may vary okay uh there may be different situations presented the text or in a in the paragraph
89:30 - 90:00 so get familiar with them it means you need to get familiar with the situations because when you are familiar with the situations you are giving yourself a better position to understand so uh getting let's say getting familiar with the different situations uh
90:00 - 90:30 or context in which ideas are presented will help you better understand the meanings invade in the text
90:30 - 91:00 all right so that just means that when you are familiar with the different situations you know how things work you know how things go around you know how things are treated you know how things um take shape or develop okay and so you have a better understanding of whatever is being presented right in the paragraph that you are reading so it is best that you contextualize you
91:00 - 91:30 have to be um familiar with the context right you have to know the situation right so that is contextualizing so that is after previewing next you have contextualizing another thing is remember this these are seven critical reading strategies they are strat they are called strategies because they are techniques in reading
91:30 - 92:00 and when you have developed once you have developed these skills your reading skills will greatly improve all right you can even become a fast reader it is easy for you to read text and understand them quickly immediately right and so that's basically what i'm doing when when i have submissions uh received from my students right so be careful guys because
92:00 - 92:30 do not ever think that i'm not reading your text even if it is a long paragraph i read everything okay because i'm a fast reader and also i think i've given you this uh warning already do not copy and paste anything from the internet because if it's something related to our subject most probably i have read it already and like i've told you i have a lot of contributions and i've written many many things um many about many
92:30 - 93:00 topics and uh i've contributed a lot in the as far as tax production is concerned on online i am very active in online forums when it comes to english especially our topic okay so sometimes it's funny that i can read my text and these are the ones that students copied from a website and you can just imagine that let's say i'm in a
93:00 - 93:30 forum and i'm very active producing text there and some there are some visitors or guests who read the lines that i write and they sometimes are bloggers and they use those lines in their website or so there is a possibility that the lines could be spread and as you know everything is spread out very quickly even in seconds online right on the internet and so
93:30 - 94:00 i recognize my text i recognize my expressions my words i have a certain style and i know that and not only that i also um i'm very familiar with the type of english that i need to expect from my students especially in lcc and the type of english that are taken from books that are taken from the internet they're taken from different websites i know okay so like i told you produce
94:00 - 94:30 something that is original do not copy all right um uh you are lucky if i don't really if i'm not really in the mood to let's say check everything because maybe i'm i'm tired or maybe i'm uh focusing on on other things but for the most part i really uh do check okay so it's better that you submit something original i don't care if your english is bad all right so please
94:30 - 95:00 remember that it is okay to make mistakes i don't care if your english is care about english or whatever english you want to describe your english with um as long as you try hard as long as your work is original i will very much appreciate it guys do not be shy because let's say if you submit something that is original and i noticed that there is a need to correct and to teach you what is the correct form i will point it out to you and that is a
95:00 - 95:30 chance that is an opportunity for you to learn and correct yourself and therefore when you have corrected yourself you step up a little bit right you raise the bar i mean you improved and that is the way to improve many students are so shy and timid and embarrassing you know hesitant to expose their errors and expose their weakness in english there is no point guys you are students and it is my job as a professor to help
95:30 - 96:00 you improve your english so i'm not going to be able to help you the best way i can if i don't know your weaknesses so expose your weaknesses expose your errors because i need to know like you know just like a patient and a doctor when you go to uh consult a doctor before the doctor will be able to give you a prescription or suggest a type of medicine that
96:00 - 96:30 you're going to take first he needs to know what your sickness is about right and so in your case if i don't know what your problem is in english because you're just copying and pasting other works you know i mean works of other people then there is no way i will be able to help you please think about that okay don't be shy just use english um speak english at all times you need practice write in english come
96:30 - 97:00 up with a journal or a diary and write everything organize your notes all in english even little comments um start with short phrases short uh comments on facebook that is going to be your stepping uh your start that is where you are you can start with right and then little by little you make your comments longer and longer but making sure that you are using correct english or grammatically correct how can you
97:00 - 97:30 make sure that you can ask me you can ask other professors of english i am here to help everybody okay so that is a deal all right now we don't have much time to continue so we are going to discuss this and probably repeat this seven critical reading strategies once we have our uh next video all right so please review and prepare something for um our live discussion something that you will be able to present you need to be active during the live discussion
97:30 - 98:00 to be able to get some points all right and please don't forget your homework or your assignment so um once you're done with this video watching this video i want you to contact your group mates all right you need to know which group you belong to and then you start collaborating and coordinating with your group members especially your uh leaders and assistant group leaders decide on who is going to be your group leader and assistant group leader choose one that is responsible
98:00 - 98:30 choose one that is you know uh always studying hard and yeah responsible uh somebody who can control the group and you know can get everybody into the groove are really working hard for the whole group okay so i hope that you come up with a solid solid group okay thank you very much for keeping up with me and i'll see you again thank you very much and goodbye
98:30 - 99:00 you