English 2 Hour A* | 1123 | O level & IGCSE 2024

Summary

Highlights

• The tutorial covers the format for Paper 2, emphasizing the importance of understanding different writing styles such as articles and reports. 📄
• Ala discusses how to incorporate and evaluate reference texts effectively for exams. 📑
• Students are encouraged to actively engage by asking questions, making the session interactive and responsive. 💬
• Specific strategies for directed writing and narrative writing are elaborated, including tips on planning and executing a well-structured piece. 📝
• A strong focus is placed on maintaining coherence in narrative writing, stressing the necessity of a clear beginning, middle, and end in storytelling. 📖

Key Takeaways

• Understand the new exam format for Paper 2 to ace your English O level & IGCSE exams! 📚
• Master the art of writing articles, reports, and speeches by incorporating and evaluating reference texts. ✍️
• Strategize your exam preparation for maximum efficiency and effectiveness. 🎯
• Engage with interactive components to clarify doubts and enhance your understanding. 🤔
• Remember, your narrative writing should include a clear story arc, be creative, and maintain coherence throughout. 🖋️

Overview

Chapters

• 00:00 - 03:00: Introduction and Overview The chapter 'Introduction and Overview' likely begins with a greeting and a brief pause before starting, as the speaker mentions waiting a few minutes to officially begin. They hint that a key activity towards the end will involve practicing with a specimen paper for the year 2024. Participants are encouraged to download this paper in advance if they wish to follow along. It appears that the chapter sets the stage for a detailed walkthrough or practice session with the specimen paper.
• 03:00 - 06:00: Directed Writing: Sections and Expectations This chapter covers a recap for Paper Two, which students have scheduled for Monday. The instructor, Ala, will discuss the specimen paper and go through sample questions for all directed writing formats. This session aims to give students an understanding and expectation of the paper, focusing particularly on the article writing questions found in their specimen paper.
• 06:00 - 09:00: Paper Breakdown and Planning We'll explore different formats by reviewing modified papers. Starting with a brief recap of paper two's content, focusing on section one (director writing) and section two (composition). After discussing the general concepts, we'll analyze sample papers for further understanding.
• 09:00 - 12:00: Directed Writing: Techniques and Skills The chapter discusses techniques and skills for Directed Writing specifically focusing on preparing for an exam paper. It suggests that while the exact format of the paper is unknown, it is beneficial to prepare comprehensively. The instructor anticipates the inclusion of an article in the paper based on specimen papers but advises being ready for any format by mastering evaluation techniques. Additionally, there is an emphasis on interactive communication, allowing questions during sessions rather than waiting until the end, fostering a more engaging learning environment.
• 12:00 - 15:00: Audience and Purpose in Writing The chapter 'Audience and Purpose in Writing' begins with an overview of the structure of the paper, detailing the expectations for students. It explains that the writing paper is divided into two sections. Section one focuses on directed writing, where students are expected to write 200-300 words on a given topic that could take the form of a letter, email, article, speech, or report, which constitutes 25 marks. The subsequent section, composition, involves essay writing.
• 15:00 - 18:00: Writing Argumentatively and Discursively Writing Argumentatively and Discursively: This chapter discusses the structure and expectations of descriptive and narrative essays. Students will have to choose between two descriptive and two narrative prompts. They must write an essay ranging from 350 to 450 words. The chapter highlights directed writing as the section with the most significant modifications, and reviews those changes in detail.
• 18:00 - 21:00: Planning and Structuring Responses The chapter 'Planning and Structuring Responses' focuses on the skills required to effectively respond to academic papers or similar contexts where reference texts are provided. Unlike traditional writing tasks, this setting requires students to not only produce written responses but also engage with provided texts, typically 400 to 450 words long. The main tasks include identifying key points, ideas, arguments, or facts within these texts.
• 21:00 - 24:00: Vocabulary and Evaluation in Writing The chapter 'Vocabulary and Evaluation in Writing' emphasizes the importance of using a reference text when formulating written responses. It highlights that students are not expected to invent ideas from scratch but should build upon existing materials. A key point is that the effectiveness of a response is closely tied to how well a student can demonstrate their understanding and utilization of the reference text. Simply put, no matter how well-written a response is, it must show that the student has effectively engaged with and understood the reference material for it to be successful.
• 24:00 - 27:00: Creating Effective Openings and Conclusions The chapter titled 'Creating Effective Openings and Conclusions' likely delves into strategies for crafting compelling introductions and satisfying conclusions in written or spoken discourse. Although the transcript provided is minimal and doesn't directly cover these elements, it hints at the importance of integrating reference text into responses, which could be related to building well-informed openings and conclusions.
• 27:00 - 30:00: Specific Formats: Articles, Letters, Speeches In this chapter, the focus is on directed writing, a section that many students find challenging. The goal is to complete the session within an hour, with allowances for extended practice if necessary. Emphasis is placed on understanding key elements within a structured timeframe.
• 30:00 - 33:00: Reports and Formal Writing The chapter titled 'Reports and Formal Writing' emphasizes the importance of utilizing reference texts to develop responses. It requires not only rephrasing or summarizing the ideas but also evaluating the concepts based on personal understanding and opinions. The process involves reading the information thoroughly, formulating an understanding, evaluating points (with a discussion on the meaning of evaluation to follow), and then formulating a response. This response can be discursive and might combine multiple aspects.
• 33:00 - 36:00: Composition Section: Narrative vs. Descriptive Writing In this chapter, the focus is on understanding the differences between narrative and descriptive writing, particularly in the context of composition. It highlights argumentative or persuasive writing as an integral part of the composition process. The chapter explains that students may be required to argue between two contrasting points of view and ultimately provide their opinion, possibly transforming into a persuasive section to influence the reader or listener. This approach applies across various writing formats like speeches, emails, reports, and letters.
• 36:00 - 39:00: Narrative Writing: Techniques and Examples The chapter focuses on narrative writing, emphasizing the significance of adhering to the word limit in writing tasks. It highlights the importance of carefully planning responses to balance the discussion of reference texts with personal opinion. Effective planning ensures that a writer does not exceed or fall short of the required word count, which is crucial for successful narrative writing.
• 39:00 - 42:00: Effective Storytelling and Plot Development The chapter 'Effective Storytelling and Plot Development' presumably provides techniques and strategies for improving writing skills, especially in storytelling and forming a compelling plot. The transcript snippet highlights the importance of keeping certain writing elements in mind when crafting narratives. It seems to mention writing exercises or assignments one might encounter, like article and letter writing, to enhance one's writing proficiency in different formats. However, detailed specifics of the storytelling or plot strategies are not revealed in the provided text.
• 42:00 - 45:00: Additional Questions and Discussion The chapter titled 'Additional Questions and Discussion' focuses on the debate surrounding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in schools. It involves a scenario where the reader is expected to explain to their head teacher the reasons for or against the implementation of AI in the educational setting. The discussion includes examining reference texts that present contrasting views on AI in schools. Subsequently, readers are encouraged to formulate their own responses or speeches based on these differing perspectives.
• 45:00 - 48:00: Closing and Final Tips This chapter focuses on guiding school leavers in shaping their attitudes toward work and their professional lives. It highlights the importance of evaluating various views, opinions, or facts presented to them and forming their own opinions based on these evaluations. The chapter emphasizes that questions on this topic often have similar bullet points that are generic and aim to encourage students to critically assess given information and to articulate their personal perspectives effectively.

English 2 Hour A* | 1123 | O level & IGCSE 2024 Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 hello everyone um I'm just going to give it another few minutes to start in the meantime um for those who will be staying long enough for us to practice a paper uh towards the end I'll be going over the specimen paper for 2024 so if you want in the meantime download specimen paper 2024 for1 123 that's what we'll be going over in the end so if you want you can just download that paper to right
• 00:30 - 01:00 all right I think we've waited long enough I can begin um all right um hi everyone my name is ala and we will be going over um a recap for paper two since that's the paper you have on Monday and after that I will be going over the specimen paper as well um I will also be going over sample questions for all directed writing formats so that you have an idea of what to expect in the paper all right uh because your specimen paper you have the article writing questions but um obviously there
• 01:00 - 01:30 are other formats involved as well so we'll be going over modified papers for those as well okay so I'll start off with um a brief recap of the content of paper two which will um include your section one and section two which is going to be director writing and composition once we've gone over the general ideas involved with these we will go over uh sample papers for each all right um if at any point you have
• 01:30 - 02:00 any questions or you think it's really important that you can't wait till the end just uh raise your hand and um we can talk about it okay so we'll have questions in the end um someone just asked what's expected in the paper obviously there's not no way of really knowing since this is the first um paper for this format um I'm expecting an article but um that's just because it's in specimen paper but we have to prepare for everything so as long as you have your evaluation technique sorted um which should be good to go all right
• 02:00 - 02:30 okay so we will start off with a little bit of a breakdown of the paper all right uh you should expect two sections within your um paper two the writing paper which is going to be section one director writing J you'll be expected to write two three free words for one of the following which is either going to be a letter email article speech or a report so that's going to be section one 25 marks and then you have composition which which is your essay J you have
• 02:30 - 03:00 your descriptive essay or narrative you'll be given four options two for descriptive to for narrative just me say you will be choosing one and writing 350 to 450 words right okay so uh directed writing is the section that has the most uh modified uh format so we're going to go over that first sub P the biggest change that you
• 03:00 - 03:30 need to expect for the paper is that now you are not simply expected to produce a died writing response but instead you are also given reference text so basically you will be given one or two texts which will be about 400 to 450 words in length once you have read those you will be expected to um identify points identify ideas arguments or facts presented Within and then you'll be given a
• 03:30 - 04:00 question using which you will be formulating the response now the difference here is you're not expected to completely come up with the entire idea that revolves around your um response so you're not coming up with the points that you're including you're not starting from scratch you have a reference text and it's really important that you keep this in mind uh students who fail to replicate their understanding of the reference text no matter how good your response is if if it doesn't show that you have used the
• 04:00 - 04:30 text you will not be able to score well so please make sure that the reference text is incorporated within your response okay so yes um you seem to have a really important question J you can unmute yourself interrupt class
• 04:30 - 05:00 duration okay so I'm hoping to finish within the hour um because I basically want to focus on directed writing because that's the section that most students face trouble in even to this point because this is something that you're not so I'll try to keep it within the r okay if it goes on longer then obviously that would be the F the practice so it's it's okay if you skip that uh but I'll go over the main things within the r okay all right so once you have your
• 05:00 - 05:30 reference text in front of you you will be expected to use that in order to develop a response in which you're not only rephrasing or summarizing ideas but you're also evaluating Concepts or your own opinions based on what you have read so the information that's given to you you're expected to read that um formulate an understanding evaluate points we'll talk over what the word evaluate means later on and then formulator response that will be a combination of either discursive
• 05:30 - 06:00 argumentative or persuasive tone okay so P you used to you know write um argumentative essays separately but up this is part of your response so you may be expected to argue between two contrasting points of view where you are towards the end giving your own opinion and formulating a persuasive section where you're P maybe persuading the individual on a particular matter okay all of these apply to all formats which are your speech email report letter or
• 06:00 - 06:30 article okay um one more thing that students need to keep in mind when they are going over the WR writing section is that the word limit plays a very important role in the way you formulate your response so the planning process is very important because if you end up using too many words to talk about you know the reference text and then you don't focus enough on your own opinion or vice versa you'll end up either writing more than you need to or not enough and that is something that plays
• 06:30 - 07:00 a part in your writing score okay so just keep these two things in mind some samples for questions that you can expect other than articles uh now article writing sample in your specif paper but other than that um for example if you are expected to write a letter so the first section over here it gives you a sample of a letter question where you are being asked to write a letter to
• 07:00 - 07:30 your head teacher which is exp uh in which you're explaining why or why not you would want to see artificial intelligence used in your school so obviously you can expect that is you will be given reference text they'll be talking about contrasting views about AI in the school and then you'll be expected to formulate a response based on that similarly if we are to write a speech for example you read a text uh that is going to talk about contrasting views and then you are writing a speech
• 07:30 - 08:00 for school levers about attitudes towards work which is their professional life um you'll notice that all of these questions have two bullet points which are very similar now uh they're not very specific to the question but they're very generic in terms of what the question expects so you're basically asked to number one evaluate the views uh opinions or facts given within the text and secondly you're giving your own opinion based on what you have read about the matter now the reason why it is important to keep in mind that it
• 08:00 - 08:30 says based on what you have read so isi evaluation process plays a very important role because whatever You' read in the text you will basically be formulating ideas based on that all right I'll be going over examples for all of this so just keep in mind that the evaluation process this is what you're being graded for you're not being graded for summarizing the text so as long as you are um including the points that are within the text fine you'll get a score for incorporating the
• 08:30 - 09:00 information but evaluation is also important soate you're just summarizing or rephrasing then you may lower your band no matter how good your response overall is so you have to keep in mind whatever You' read once you've identified those points you have to evaluate ideas based on that question yourself are there any ideas that correspond with what you've just read is there something that you can okay what do I mean by evaluation um that's actually what we're going to talk
• 09:00 - 09:30 about right now once you've all understood the idea that texate that you're identifying number one the type of text you're given and the type of text you expected to produce once you've done that the next thing you identify who your audience is and what the purpose of your response is supposed to be once these three things have been identified the next is to evaluate
• 09:30 - 10:00 evaluation basically it means that you're going to read your text you're going to analyze all the points that you can point out that correspond with the question at hand the question will state what idea they want you to focus on so I'm going to go back to one of the questions here for example the first one says that imagine you are a pupil at a school which is considering introducing artificial intelligence in the classroom okay and they're saying you need to
• 10:00 - 10:30 write a letter to the Head teacher explaining why you would or would not want to go with this idea now is evaluation basically that no matter what the points are for example they're talking about how AI makes um I'm just giving you an example right now we will go over the text as well so for example the text says that AI is beneficial because it is um going to make the learning process quicker all right so it's going to save a lot of time so if time is a factor
• 10:30 - 11:00 that you've identified within the text the next thing you need to do the evaluation basically for this point could be talking about whether that time saved is beneficial in contrast with the cons of AI so if I'm saving time but at the same time I'm crippling myself of thinking then if this contrast is something that you're able to formulate this is something that you can incorporate as
• 11:00 - 11:30 your evaluation so for example if I state that AI is um encouraged within schools or the education system because it is going to make the learning process quicker and more convenient for students however one must question now the statement that I'm staying right saying right now this is evaluation however one must question is this time saved worth the crippling effect AI might have on students and their critical reasoning so this is the evaluation this is what evaluation means any ideas that I can associate with the idea that already has
• 11:30 - 12:00 been stated within the text so once you've read both views you will be able to come up with your own ideas that you can use to bridge these two ideas is evaluation so you're developing your own ideas you're developing your own opinions um I'm not using the word opinions only because there are Concepts you can bring out from the text as well so that's why this is what evaluation is you're evaluating a point and seeing whether or not this holds as a general
• 12:00 - 12:30 idea or not because the text will generically be about AI for example or let me give you another example for example app um you're asked to write a response on the idea of animal testing so if that is something that is being discussed within your text um without reading the text we can all agree on the idea that yes there are benefits to animal testing there are drawbacks to animal testing that animal testing is the most convenient way to
• 12:30 - 13:00 make medicines available for the general public now my evaluated Point could be is this is their life not worth um the same as a human's life now this may not be mentioned within the text but if I'm talking about saving lives as human lives an evaluated Point could be what about animal lives I hope that clarifies the idea of um evaluation a little bit at least okay so evaluation basically that you're
• 13:00 - 13:30 highlighting ideas or coming up with ideas and opinions based on a point that's given within the text so any questions that arise in your mind any ideas that you can associate with the text already given the evaluation okay um if not clear already let me give you a breakdown of the entire direct writing process so basically when we are going over now this applies to all formats the first thing that you do you've read
• 13:30 - 14:00 your text you've read your question and you have understood generally what the main idea or argument or point of view within each text or that particular text is that's step one once this is done the next thing you do is you read the text again and you identify points that you would incorporate within your response now once you've read the entire text there may be points that you don't think will fit well with the question at hand um all right so you don't need to worry
• 14:00 - 14:30 about how many points uh generically it varies from text to text it will usually be balanced um for example do texts so on an average overall 10 points in a combination 10 points so you will be able to identify from the text it may not be a balanced argument it may be a balanced argument that depends on the topic okay but rest assured you will be able to identify at least 10 points
• 14:30 - 15:00 from within both texts or that one particular text okay so um one thing that I want you all to understand don't confuse yourself with the idea I was only able to identify eight points now what do I do um don't worry about it yes identify then that's something to worry about but quick counting there's no um actual number that they say evaluate so it's going to be different for every question but there will be at
• 15:00 - 15:30 least 10 points okay that you should be able to identify from the entire reference text together okay so once you've identified those points from both the texts you highlighted what each point of view says because it will be contrasting there will be two points of view once you've highlighted those uh yes from both texts combined there will be probably 10 or maybe more but 10 to home be for sure so once you've identified those ideas from both the
• 15:30 - 16:00 texts uh technically the evaluation applies to the entire um text so you're evaluating every Point you're evaluating just one idea or one point of view and then the other you're basically evaluating every point so you if you look at this section over here um I'll talk about discursive an argumentative in just a minute all right
• 16:00 - 16:30 so this is the planning process that we're talking about someone just asked me if we should be planning this is the planning process that we're talking about so this is your planning process so you read your text you're identifying all of this is your planning process okay so once you have identified your questions the next thing that you need to keep in mind is that each point is going to have an opinion associated with it in your um mind you're going to obviously be able to look at a
• 16:30 - 17:00 question um I don't know if this this will probably be uploaded on YouTube later yes probably will be all right so just keep in mind that every Point needs to be evaluated every Point needs to go through step number three which is to talk about whether or not you agree with this idea or you disagree with it and then you ask yourself why so every y will have a general idea associated with
• 17:00 - 17:30 it and that is your evaluation so when you're writing you can incorporate as many of these as your text allows okay so you may end up having more uh to add and then you'll have to pick and choose what you think works best for the opinion that you're planning to share okay step number four you're developing your response as for the given question now I would recommend that go through all of this first and then start writing spend 5 to 10 minutes with your question
• 17:30 - 18:00 with your text with this planning process mentally so that you're able to formulate a response that is within the word limit okay you don't always have to ask questions now someone just asked me if you have to ask questions within the evaluation process um with yourself yes ask yourself why or why not would you agree with this idea but your text evaluated point doesn't have to be
• 18:00 - 18:30 reflected as a question it can be written as an opinion as well for example you can say that um let's say animal testing is um there's no negative marking for exceeding word limit but yes it is uh going to reduce your band level like it does reflect overall in your writing score okay you don't have to Stage directly
• 18:30 - 19:00 whether you agree with the concept or not um okay so basically the idea here is that once you've read your text okay and you've identified that this is point number one this is point number two this is point number three in favor and then against and You' also asked yourself which point of view I agree with and that's going to be your third body paragraph op now the idea here is this is where idea of discursive and
• 19:00 - 19:30 argumentative writing plays a very important role and whether you understand that or not now once you've given your introduction you've introduced your idea based on the format letter obious article speech introduction but one common thing in all introductions is that you are going to introduce the idea that you are speaking of okay and the next thing is that you now begin your body paragraphs now body paragraphs can be as many as your text
• 19:30 - 20:00 requires now the reason why I'm saying as many is because a lot of students Believe get three body paragraphs and that's it positives negative and opion now there are certain students that who prefer to counter argue they write one positive and one negative followed by the next positive and the next negative now if you start doing that the second strategy uh which
• 20:00 - 20:30 is the argumentative strategy that you might end up with more paragraphs than three which is why I don't stick to a number of paragraphs okay regarding the paragraphs and discursive and argumentative writing one thing you need to keep in mind is okay your task at hand is to share both points of view okay you need to write the pros as if they are all that matter but at the same time you need to write the cons as well you need to avoid being biased to one side when you are presenting points of
• 20:30 - 21:00 view because regardless of whether you agree that animal testing should be done or it should be banned one thing you need to keep in mind is you still need to share information about both because that is when you'll be able to formulate an opinion that is Justified so no matter what I say about animal testing and animal rights I cannot deny the fact that it is because animal testing exists that there are so many lives of people that we've saved now I can't deny that no matter what what my opinion later on
• 21:00 - 21:30 ends up being so this is why you don't have to be completely defensive of one idea instead you need to be bias free you need to mention all ideas that are involved within the text with transition and then transition to your opinion okay so basically writing argumentatively depends on whether you choose to write with that counterargument whereas writing discursively you're basically trying to present both sides of the story discursive
• 21:30 - 22:00 basically neutral discursive writing basically um okay how to stay unbiased we'll talk about that in just a second and as far as the formats are concerned if you just wait five minutes we'll go over all formats for introduction and conclusion opening ending we'll go over all of that okay so don't worry about just give me five minutes all right so as far as the content is concerned discursive basically you are neutrally highlighting both sides of the story
• 22:00 - 22:30 the argumentative style of writing is basically when you are counterarguing whereas the persuasive style of writing is which is something that comes in if they're asking you to persuade an individual of your opinion where you're sharing your opinion and you're convincing them that this is the right way to go all right so for example if I am to write a report where I wish to convince okay there was actually a question in which um they talked about agism where workplaces need to uh include all age
• 22:30 - 23:00 groups it shouldn't be limited to young people or old people that a workplace should incorporate all age groups because they all have their own um you could say benefits and they all have something to add to the team now there was a text that highlighted okay there are organizations young people are more useful for the team but others say that experienced individuals bring more to
• 23:00 - 23:30 the table as compared to Young individuals who don't have experience at all now the question stated that you need to write a speech for your employees highlighting how um a mixed age group is the best strategy to run a company now already state that you need to persuade your audience that it should be this way so that is a persuasive writing through and through you are persuading your audience that this is is the best way forward so that is when
• 23:30 - 24:00 you're convincing the individuals all right so one thing that I want you all to keep in mind is that when we are focusing on the idea of say point of view versus point of view one versus two so discursive followed by your persuasive opinion paragraph however up Al argument so I hope I've answered that
• 24:00 - 24:30 question um yes I'll be going over the formats as well and someone just asked me about evaluation from text a written in second paragraph and third paragraph eval okay so okaye please is confusion that text a and text B are different entities they're not textt a and text B are just references they're
• 24:30 - 25:00 just information they're giving you information the examine you may actually come across one text text a text B now what will you do then so the idea of dividing paragraphs is about like ideas point of view so it's not that text a second paragraph text B he third paragraph it's not about text a and text B it's about points of view it's about ideas so keep in mind that you're not evaluating or
• 25:00 - 25:30 you're not talking about text a and text B you're talking about a point of view you're talking about an idea or an opinion all right so you are basically clubbing together point of view one not text a so just clarify that okay okay so I would suggest that do not waste space with rough planning uh but this process cess does need to be done so if you use a little bit of space and
• 25:30 - 26:00 you do this that's fine but do go over these steps before you start writing so there should be a little bit of a planning before you actually start writing because if you don't evaluate you don't identify you'll actually end up coming up with your own points or you'll end up usually students they end up losing track of what the text was talking about in the first place so yes you should plan this process is very important if you don't plan if you don't go over the question you don't go over the steps you're going to end up either
• 26:00 - 26:30 writing more than you need to or not enough or completely off topic commonly if you do not plan your response before you start writing okay any more questions about this section before I move on okay so how do we identify whether it is a discursive or an argumentative essay all right so the way to ident basically hoga discussing you will be expected to highlight both sides of the
• 26:30 - 27:00 argument argumentative writing basically it's a it's a technique it is not exactly a format argumentative writing this is argumentative writing so it's a way of writing more so as compared to a format so argumentative writing technique that you can use that in any question you can choose to write that way however discursive her question discursive because you will be expected to
• 27:00 - 27:30 highlight both sides of the story both points of view and that's what discursive writing does discursive writing State both sides of the story in a very unbiased way and someone did ask me how do we remain unbiased we basically remain unbiased by not siding with one side of the story doing Justice to both so we're not going to say this is better than that in our first line my task at hand is to relay the information that I need to relay so that I can give my opin op later on so that it's an informed opinion no one questions my
• 27:30 - 28:00 opinion after reading the points of view that I've shared already okay okay so when you are persuading an individual like for example in your opinion paragraph if you are uh persuading them on a certain idea then if you mention an posing concept that for example
• 28:00 - 28:30 um the question that I shared about ages and talking about a mixed age group as a working team if I'm convincing them that mixed age groups so talking about how um one individual is going to bring something to the table and the other is going to bring something else technically I am talking about opposing points of view so I use them to convince the individual of what I'm trying to say opposition op paragraph May while you're persuading you need to counter it by
• 28:30 - 29:00 saying but this is why this opposing Factor doesn't play a role just animal testing no matter how much um we agree that it should be banned we cannot deny that it has saved lives so if I'm convincing them that it should still be banned I may um balance this by saying that there are alternative methods so that opposing point will then be nullified okay I've talked about discursive and
• 29:00 - 29:30 argumentative instead of writing all of the points out you can just highlight them within the text so don't waste your um lined sheets on the planning process you can just use the text to do that okay so someone just asked this question about evaluation methods and whether they should include agreeing
• 29:30 - 30:00 with one point or you can give a neutral view technically you can't be neutral about any idea because if you agree for example there was a question in which um the students were expected to write a letter talking about whether or not art is important in our life okay so if I say that yes art is important in some scenarios technically I'm agreeing that art is important similarly if I say that there are certain scenarios where art is not important that I'm agreeing with
• 30:00 - 30:30 that idea so you can't remain neutral because if you remain neutral you will end up confusing yourself so you will real you the argument will always be very balanced so you'll realize that evaluate you will end up being more inclined towards one idea as compared to the other writing neutrally is rather tricky so it's not recommended um someone just talked about utilizing a
• 30:30 - 31:00 more sophisticated vocabulary yes it's important to try and use the best vocabulary you've got um but that doesn't mean you use words that aren't appropriate for that particular um point of view that you're trying to share so the point here that says that you need to use vocabulary and S instructions that are appropriate basically sometimes a simple statement has more impact than a very elaborate descriptive one whereas sometimes we need to talk about something in a more detailed statement or a complex statement as compared to a
• 31:00 - 31:30 simple one there may be certain terms that better explain an idea as compared to others so basically the idea here is to use effective vocabulary it's not about using big words that don't make sense it's about using words that help your text portray an idea that it intends to portray so when we talk about vocabulary yes we need to try and use sophisticated terms we need to use terms that are appropriate for that scenario
• 31:30 - 32:00 so use the adjectives use the transition words that that text requires that idea requires all right um I've already talked about content points you will be able to identify at least 10 if not more okay I will be giving an overview of uh sample writing so just hang in there uh yes when you're evaluating you can
• 32:00 - 32:30 support any idea so that's the thing that's step three when you're evaluating points of view that you identify you can go in favor of any of them that's up to you but then keep in mind that if this is something that you're agreeing with do justice to that don't sound um like you are not convinced of what you're agreeing with in the first place okay so be very careful if you're formulating an opinion just stick to that
• 32:30 - 33:00 okay someone just said that you cannot write points outside the given passage technically uh you will not need to but that's where the evaluation process again comes in hand when you read a text and you have identified one point you ask yourself do I agree with this do I disagree with this are there any more ideas that I can associate with this idea and that is basically your
• 33:00 - 33:30 points text so yes you're using the text that you've been given but at the same time there will be content points that you may end up including as support to what you have already read in the text so it will be based on that but it will be probably on another tangent for example if I talk about um how schools should incorporate Outdoor Learning okay how you know learning out in the open is beneficial for students now if my
• 33:30 - 34:00 article for example is focusing on whether or not schools should incorporate Outdoor Learning as part of the curriculum now we can all agree that yes if a child is given an open space and a physical environment to learn from they will have physical examples in front of them to learn from right however say evaluate point or I can come up with the idea that if a student is um you know doing very well in the gardening class how does that play a
• 34:00 - 34:30 role in his admission to a university how is that Quantified so this may not be mentioned within the text but the text did talk about learning in a garden so I can question that by Say by talking about how no matter how beneficial Outdoor Learning is it is not quantifiable which is why Outdoor Learning may not be the best approach to education at The Point again my opinion then and that I don't agree with out learning this can be a point that I can incorporate that comes
• 34:30 - 35:00 from my understanding of the topic wasn't mentioned within the text but has been adapted from what the text says so I hope that answers your question um I have talked about whether a text is discursive or argumentative um writing argumentatively is a style it's a it's a counterargument which is your
• 35:00 - 35:30 choice um okay someone just said when do we write in our own words you always write in your own words um you have to avoid lifting chunks from the passage unless absolutely necessary unless it's something that you not be phrased in any other way that's something else which is not
• 35:30 - 36:00 you know something that they encourage either but you do not copy from the text so you have to keep in mind that your task at hand is to produce an original response you're not copying from the text you're adapting a response from the text okay we will talk about effective um punctuation summary writing we'll talk about uh before paper one uh the checking depends on the marking scheme
• 36:00 - 36:30 provided okay I think I've answered all the questions that we have so far all right so we can move on for this okay so in order to make you understand what I've just talked about right now uh what I'm going to do is um okay this is a very important question you cannot ask for extra paper in the in the exam they already give you extra
• 36:30 - 37:00 sheets um in the booklet so you technically don't get extra sheets you won't need them you shouldn't need them because there is only so much space you can need for 300 words okay so keep in mind you're not getting extra sheets this is something that everyone asks and keep in mind you won't be given extra sheets okay so I will go over a sample specimen paper since a lot of you have questions about what should be included in which paragraph So let's go over that
• 37:00 - 37:30 okay so I'm going to do that I'm going to go over the specimen paper for 2024 and may I'll show you exactly what goes where uh you know what I'll go over the formats first and based on that I will highlight what goes where and then we'll go with the specimen paper Okay so for example you've been asked to write a letter okay um and based on the specimen paper which is
• 37:30 - 38:00 a question that highlights uh beta narrative is composition and we'll go over that right after directed writing is done okay so for example the speciment paper asks you to write an article okay and in that article you are basically um focusing on the idea of whether it is beneficial for students to travel to other countries or not okay so the first thing that I want you to do is I want you to look at the specimen
• 38:00 - 38:30 paper this is the specimen paper that you have in hand okay we'll use this to go over all formats so basically the idea here is that the specimen paper gives you this text text a and text B which is basically highlighting the idea of whether or not
• 38:30 - 39:00 individuals should uh students should travel to other countries or they should travel locally okay so this is something that the text highlights the first step remember we talked about reading the question we talked about reading the text at hand the first thing we're going to do is we're going to look at the question okay and I will talk about paragraphs through this text as well so the question says that uh it's not necessary that there's always is going to be two texts
• 39:00 - 39:30 but so it's up to them they can probably give you a conversation between two people and these two people are talking about opposing points of view in that case a text but then in this case since it's two points of view and text A or text B the and the question basically says that you are writing a magazine article for young people about the advantages and disadvantages of traveling to other countries in your article you should number one evaluate the ideas and opinions in both texts and
• 39:30 - 40:00 number two give your own views based on what you have read in the text that about the advantages and disadvantages of traveling to other countries all right so that's the question they're talking about advantages and disadvantages of traveling to other countries I'm going to ask all of you to take a minute and quickly skim through both texts text a is from a 42y old individual whereas text B is from the perspective
• 40:00 - 40:30 of a 23y old why is this important I will ask you guys to tell me all right so we have these two conversations they're very straightforward they're focusing on two ideas I want you to read it once you're done you can raise your hands and then we can move forward okay have you all skimmed through the
• 40:30 - 41:00 text um a lot of you are asking how the information needs to be divided so that's literally what I'm going to talk about right now okay so for example someone just identified the idea okay so a lot of you are confused about how the information needs to be divided second paragraph and third paragraph if you choose to write Pros in the second paragraph and cons in the third paragraph or vice versa that depends on what your opinion paragraph
• 41:00 - 41:30 is supposed to say for example um now this basically depends on every individual and every candidate has their own way of writing this so for example if you agree with the idea that um now here we have advantages and disadvantages right we are being told that it's good to travel to other countries whereas we're also being told of the disadvantages associated with traveling to other countries right so so the first question that most of you have right now is how do we know what
• 41:30 - 42:00 information goes where it doesn't matter if you write the pros first or cons first there's no rule that says cons pros it all depends on whether your overall text has a flow to it or not for example um once we've read both of these ideas we have established that um yes traveling to other countries is going to be beneficial for us but at the same time there there are certain disadvantages that we cannot deny right
• 42:00 - 42:30 now my opinion is that now this is just an example You can disagree with my opinion so if my opinion is that students young students should travel to other countries and the reason why I believe this is something very important is because of the experience that it offers now if this is the opinion that I'm going to conclude my um text with my article is going to give the opinion that it is more important to travel to other countries as compared to your own
• 42:30 - 43:00 now a better flow might be that I talk about the cons first and then I talk about the pros and Then followed by my positive opinion whereas I can contrast both ideas as well saying that this is one side of the story While others believe that traveling to other countries is not as beneficial or advantageous as they wish for it to be give those reasons however I a strong opinion or you know I
• 43:00 - 43:30 hold the opinion and I give my opinion now it doesn't matter I'm second paragraph prosing or consing what matters is if your ideas flow in a coherent format or not so I hope that answers your question okay so someone just said that your opening uh should could be According to some senior citizen traveling to driveling is not preferable AA they're
• 43:30 - 44:00 not talking now this is something that I want to point out very clearly right now and this is something a lot of students don't even realize that they've made this mistake we're not asking for a response on traveling only the question says advantages and disadvantages of traveling to other countries so we're not talking about traveling because traveling you are traveling from your school to your house as well in a way so the question is not talking
• 44:00 - 44:30 about traveling it's talking about the advantages and disadvantages of traveling to other countries you'll notice text a May car that you should travel but you shouldn't travel um to other countries as a priority you should first travel within your own country that's what the first text says so keep in mind you are no not um talking about traveling you're talking about traveling to other countries this Clarity needs to be
• 44:30 - 45:00 there all right let's talk about the formulation of the response itself okay once everyone has read the question once everyone has gone over the content that we have at hand The Next Step that we need to keep in mind is that how do we evaluate this right
• 45:00 - 45:30 that's the next question that everyone ends up having so once you read your text we will basically be identifying the information that needs to be divided since this is an article I'll start off with the article format and then I'll talk about the other formats as well so basically you can ask rhetorical questions by the way it makes actually a very interesting um opening to your article for example um in this case if we are talking
• 45:30 - 46:00 about um say traveling to other countries now my article obviously is going to require a heading uh you may be given a heading within the question if you're not given a heading you may give it yourself so but you have to it's part of the format so you give an appropriate heading followed by a by line a by line is basically where you mention uh the name of the author in
• 46:00 - 46:30 this case okay so basically the idea here is once you've given your article an appropriate heading the next thing is to add your by line um someone asked me about punctuation so one thing that I would like to bring forward no you are the author you're the writer basically it's by you so you write your name um the next thing that we need to keep in mind since someone already asked me
• 46:30 - 47:00 about punctuation one thing you need to keep in mind is that your text needs to be indented a certain way so the block format works best in terms of how the cie prefers their responses so that means you leave a line between every paragraph so that's indentation okay so you divide your paragraphs by leaving a line um secondly the use of punctuation uh effective Punctuation is when you use question marks where required you give short
• 47:00 - 47:30 pauses by using a comma whereas you end your statement by using a full stop so commas are basically used to build a pause between either a complex sentence or um if you have a very long run on sentence you divide that information by including commas okay so I hope that answers your question um the first thing that we need to keep in mind is once we have the heading and by line out of the way the next thing is our introduction this is where we we clearly identify what the topic is we mention what we're
• 47:30 - 48:00 talking about and we have to keep in mind that our article is something that is meant for a particular audience um remember when we talked about the tap method and said that we need to identify the text and we also need to identify the purpose and audience this basically means if I'm writing an article for example that means my audience is the general public and in this case young individuals so I will keep this in mind because if I am not
• 48:00 - 48:30 writing for one particular person and instead I'm writing for a larger group that means I need to incorporate ideas that will cater to all of these individuals but the question says we're writing to young people so I need to make sure that my content does not talk about ideas that makes these young people question the article altoe for example um I would request you guys to stop annotating screen so if we are
• 48:30 - 49:00 basically writing an article say for a newspaper as compared to a magazine article for example so a magazine article is going to have a very specific audience which is going to be in this case young people however if I am writing an article for newspaper that when you are writing an article for
• 49:00 - 49:30 a newspaper your audience is much more um you could say General as compared to a magazine article all right a magazine article is not going to talk about something that is very generic it's going to be very specific to that particular audience whereas when I talk about when I talk about the idea of say
• 49:30 - 50:00 writing a newspaper article was May I can incorporate general concepts I may even need to incorporate ideas such as the definitions of certain ideas or just a second
• 50:00 - 50:30 so if we are writing an article for a magazine we'll be very specific to my audience which is young people if it's a newspaper article I will have to keep in mind that there will be individuals in my audience who may not know what I'm talking about and I may need to Define certain ideas and I may need to avoid using terms that may not be very general generally known so this is one major difference that we have uh in terms of
• 50:30 - 51:00 how a magazine article is different from a newspaper article however the format is the same so the format Remains the Same My overall tone will change the way I formulate my content that will change based on my audience article format Remains the Same all right so we initially have um an introduction where we are introducing what we're talking about so someone just mentioned rhetorical questions now I would
• 51:00 - 51:30 actually recommend using rhetorical questions as your opening so for example if I am writing um say an article on traveling maybe I would want to start within with a what if scenario or a rhetorical question asking them um something like say would you um okay imagine or maybe an imagine scenario as well so anything that you think will catch the reader's attention can be incorporated in the
• 51:30 - 52:00 introduction yes we have to keep it concise do not write more than you need to uh for your introduction but you should keep it interesting and catchy by incorporating these ideas for example uh you can use rhetorical questions you can have imagine scenarios what if scenarios you can question the audience um so that you know your article that follows in a way answers that question number one secondly that we incorporate within our introduction
• 52:00 - 52:30 is the idea of what the topic is going to be about so for example in this case since we're talking about traveling to other countries I will highlight the idea that the article talks about um which is highlighting how there are there are many individuals out there many young individuals out there who are battling the question whether to travel locally or internationally now if I just incorporate this one statement in my introduction ction any reader will know that my article is about international
• 52:30 - 53:00 travel versus local travel so that's going to be my introduction followed by the body paragraphs which will incorporate the content that I have highlighted from the text I will talk about why it is important to travel internationally in one side of the story second I will talk about all those ideas that I evaluate from the text okay okay um once we've gone over the format we
• 53:00 - 53:30 will go over the specific points for this article as well so I will incorporate all points of view together I will evaluate any ideas that I may associate with it and then I will move on to the next point of view so once I have highlighted um all of my points of view the third paragraph or the fourth in case if you are dividing it further is going to be for your own opinion as well because that's what the question asks the question is asking you
• 53:30 - 54:00 whether or not it is more advantageous to travel to other countries or disadvantages so opinion you will support it with reasons why um one common mistakes that students make is that they do not um uh someone just asked me to repeat can you ask what do you need me to repeat the format so one mistake the students do end up making is the idea that when
• 54:00 - 54:30 they're writing their own opinion they just say that I hold the opinion or they say that my opinion is this and then they don't support it with any um reasons or any facts or figures or anything to actually support why this opinion stands so basically the idea here is to talk about fine you agree with the idea that international travel is better give reason convince the audience you can talk to them about how
• 54:30 - 55:00 um international travel is important for them or it may be the better um choice right now for these young individuals because my audience is young people because this is their age to travel so maybe that is a reason I can give to talk about how traveling to other countries is going to be beneficial for them or is something that is going to hold quite an advantage for these young people because this is their age to travel because this is when they are going to be more open-minded to cultures
• 55:00 - 55:30 next May I'm sure you remember they talked about how you travel abroad to experience cultures so one evaluated point from that could be talking about how young individuals are more perceptive to cultures as older people so a 30y old or a 40y old may not be able to enjoy a culture the same way a 25y old mind or a 23y old mind right so it's going to be a very very different experience so who you are in your life at that stage is obviously going to play
• 55:30 - 56:00 a very important role in the way you experience something similarly if I don't agree with the idea of international travel and I say that you know it is something that is not recommended for these individuals uh these young individuals I could support my idea by saying how they are not financially independent at this point and they are not very um conscious of who they are as individuals so it's better for them to know their own self
• 56:00 - 56:30 and their own culture before they experience others so that they have something to compare it with so these are evaluated ideas that I can incorporate in my opinion paragraph all right so that being said okay talking about negative effects of culture yes you can but you do need to then um highlight what you mean by negative effects so for example I would rephrase your point uh by saying I won't
• 56:30 - 57:00 say that experiencing different cultures may have a negative effect on I could say that young individuals are very um impressionable and so it's very important for them to to have a strong understanding of who they are and what their culture is before they experience other cultures that can influence them so I'm not sounding very negative towards other cultures instead I just giving giving them giving the audience a point of view why your own culture is better so do you
• 57:00 - 57:30 see how we need to keep our tone very formal and we need to keep our tone um as respectful as possible so that's why I'm not going to say other cultures are bad instead I will just say that these individuals are impressionable uh but you can um type in any questions that you have in the chat all right okay so um I hope that answers your
• 57:30 - 58:00 question yes you will use the text to give reasons so you can use the text to come up with reasons why you agree with something or you disagree with something um I think a better way to understand this would be if I just quickly go over the specimen paper and let's evaluate points together I think that would make this easier
• 58:00 - 58:30 idea the
• 58:30 - 59:00 all right um I would actually ask students to use language that they are comfortable with do not try to use words that you do not know the meanings of okay so that's one big suggestion that I
• 59:00 - 59:30 would give you do not try to impress The Examiner by using words that you do not even understand so yes using words that highlight a certain idea yes they're important um but you need to keep in mind that you use vocabulary effectively so do not use words that you do not even know the meaning of okay that being said now in front of us we have our um Tex text right so let's look at text a first um I'm going to try and identify
• 59:30 - 60:00 one point that I believe talks about the idea of how international travel may not be the best way to um you know learn and experience okay so for example either point it is going to be a very um this it's the biggest disadvantage that this person is trying to hire highl light is the idea of how traveling internationally has a negative impact on
• 60:00 - 60:30 the environment okay so I can evaluate so I can further question this idea by talking about how international travel yes it has a negative impact on the environment but that is something that applies to all forms of travel doesn't it so you can actually include an alternative by talking about how why not choose eco-friendly ways to travel but I the same time prioritize the idea
• 60:30 - 61:00 of uh you guys have permission to unmute you can unmute your so you can actually incorporate the idea that yes it is not eco-friendly so perhaps searching for better Alternatives is the way forward okay similarly if I look at another idea where over here it says that it opens the eyes of individuals young people with will be able to learn this broadens their understanding
• 61:00 - 61:30 of the world that they live in it is basically teaching them something about the world around them okay so what I can talk about in this respect is going to be how if an individual is traveling to learn then one thing that needs to be incorporated here as well is the idea of how learning where where you come from is also important so that is what evaluation is all about so you identify
• 61:30 - 62:00 a point and then you ask yourself how do I agree with this are there any ideas I can associate with this idea if they're saying traveling internationally is educational then we need to keep in mind that local travel is also educational so if I am defending international travel how do I say that it is more beneficial more educational okay so these are basically ideas that we associate with with the given text I am actually going to show you the marking scheme as well where all
• 62:00 - 62:30 the points that I have just mentioned have already been highlighted and you will see that the text basically has ample Arguments for both sides of the story so they are talking about the idea of how international travel is something that is negative as well as positive so text one says number one that a lot of people choose international travel and because of that they're unable to uh get to know their
• 62:30 - 63:00 own country evaluation process for this question could be talking about whether or not international travel actually makes people neglect their own country or not what if international travel makes me appreciate my own country more so if I evaluate this point in favor of international travel I will say that local travel is something that will be encouraged when people see the world and they learn to appreciate what they have more next they talk about
• 63:00 - 63:30 the environment how the environment is being affected negatively because of international travel we can evaluate this by talking about how number one local travel is also not en environmentally friendly so we can probably try and find better ways to travel instead of simply saying that travel is not e friendly third point that they talk about is how there are so many tourist distractions that end up costing individuals more than they should so when I evaluate this point I
• 63:30 - 64:00 can question number one yes international travel is getting more and more expensive because it is very very um common or encouraged so I'm not going to say common I'm going to say a lot of people are interested in international travel because of which it becomes expensive so if more and more people travel internationally overall the cost will go down that's one way of evaluating this point but the opposing point that I can take out from this is
• 64:00 - 64:30 going to be how international travel is expensive because people aren't traveling so either ways I can use the same point to support one idea that I choose to with whatever I agree with next we talk about idea of how um it helps us to understand our own culture more so basically understanding our old culture is more important according to individual in text a so
• 64:30 - 65:00 keeping in mind that international travel will also help us do that culture is important no matter where it's from so if it's your culture or someone else's it is important to know the culture it is important for us to know where we come from and what we have around us right so both ideas will play a very important role in that next talking about I the idea of travel locally in order to spend more time with family and friends so this is something
• 65:00 - 65:30 that we can talk about in terms of how traveling with family and friends can also be something that um can incorporate a good understanding of the text now this was just text one we will also incorporate text two obviously next paragraph will be the next opinion where we highlight the idea of how it is human nature to want to see things so when it is human nature to want to see things we shouldn't limit it to the idea of Simply highlighting international travel
• 65:30 - 66:00 why not see your own country as well that's something that we can evaluate from this point travel is education and offers many opportunities so again applies to local and international travel so we will use this point to support either opinion that we may have next uh travel can be lifechanging so one thing that we cannot deny is yes traveling internationally incorporating other cultures is part of our life for that short period of time will help individuals learn about that culture
• 66:00 - 66:30 appreciate their own culture and there are certain experiences that you cannot replace by just knowing about them or experiencing something similar instead you need to be there to know what it's like right so that is something that we can use as a point to support the idea of how traveling internationally is very beneficial next talking about
• 66:30 - 67:00 making friends now meeting friends from other cultures helps us realize the world is smaller than we think now this is something that we can use um in the opposing um argument as well so basically if I say that I get to meet a lot of people if I travel internationally I can say local travel does that for me as well if I go to local tourist attractions I will get to meet individuals from different um cultures but at the same time time I will be able to experience my own cultures it's like two for one right so
• 67:00 - 67:30 if experiencing cultures and meeting new people is the goal then why not travel locally to tourist attractions to do so however I can counter that idea by saying that I do not uh know what a culture is like if I do not experience it right so you have to be there to experience it um next the last thing that they say travel can make people less focused on material possessions now this is one very interesting point that they have um
• 67:30 - 68:00 talked about if I say that it makes you appreciate what you have the resources you have all of those things what about the fact that you are spending a lot of finances to travel so isn't it making you more U materialistic in a way because if you choose to spend a lot of money for an experience that you might be able to experience for a lot less if you travel locally so this point goes both ways um this is how they have evaluated it this point right here
• 68:00 - 68:30 whether we need to travel to understand different cultures in the age of the internet so there is so much information out there um that I can access because of technology so do I need to be there for all of these experiences that's one thing that we can um definitely take out of this point and talking about how um travel itself is a materialistic idea so how can we defend the fact that this is making us less materialistic so this
• 68:30 - 69:00 is basically what evaluation is for those who were still confused the points that we looked at first those were the points that were identified these are the evaluated points these are questions that you can ask um do notice that it says possible evaluation ideas so if there's anything that you can come up with outside these four points is and is supported by the text you're good to go it doesn't have to be these four so anything that you can associate with the text that you already read that is your evaluation
• 69:00 - 69:30 process and if you reflect these ideas within the text when you write your article or letter or speech then you will basically be effectively evaluated all right uh before I move on yes any questions for what I've talked about so far um miss when we're evaluating do we have to mention the opposition points and then evaluate those points and just give our proposition opinion at the end or do we have to mention opposition and proposition throughout an order with sign
• 69:30 - 70:00 poting okay so basically what I would say here is that um number one if you are talking about say a point in favor right um if I say for example once I have given my introduction and I am talking about in the first paragraph the first body paragraph I'm talking about all the advantages of local travel or uh let's say okay first of all I I'd like to ask you what's your opinion do you think uh it is an
• 70:00 - 70:30 advantage to travel to other countries or a disadvantage a disadvantage but since this is for like people um in like a newspaper journal for people of our age should be like for local Jes so that's the thing I want you to answer keeping in mind the question um if I ask this question in an audience that has a vast age group then they will have different use but if I'm asking all individuals like you guys young people most of you would agree that traveling
• 70:30 - 71:00 internationally is something that we believe is beneficial for us right because as young individuals we want to experience more okay m'am so once can I ask something can I answer your question and then I'll take your question okay yeah sure sorry to interrupt give me one second all right so basically when you're talking about um the argument and how the evaluation goes for each side of story once you've given your introduction and now you're transitioning to the point of view that
• 71:00 - 71:30 there are a lot of advantages of traveling to other countries right so for example that's what I choose to talk about first um for example if I talk about how it is human nature to want to see things that's the first point I identified now when I'm evaluating this idea I will talk about how it is inherently um very human to want to experience new things now this is my twist to the statement that the text already stated that we want to see new things so I'll
• 71:30 - 72:00 say that it is very inherent within humans or it is very human to want to experience the world around us okay once I've said this this is my reflection of the text my evaluation of this would be talking about how this is going to be an experience or this or um okay I would actually say um following through with this inherent need is not only going to be beneficial for us as humans but as young individuals who are in the process
• 72:00 - 72:30 of learning about Life as we know it so I've talked about education I've talked about it being human and at the same time I have combine these two ideas as something that young individuals seek right now because they're learning so is May I have done three things I've mentioned two content points and I've evaluated my own understanding of them does that Mak sense stud understand what I'm trying to say yes ma yeah so while I mentioned
• 72:30 - 73:00 that um idea of how it is very human to want to experience something my evaluation was to understand that these are young individuals who are very eager to learn and explore because education my understanding of education is how young people are very eager to you know experience things new things so I incorporate that with him so it will be possible for you to combine ideas and evaluate them together as well um if I've not answered your question you can
• 73:00 - 73:30 let me know and then I can evaluate further Miss if I'm of the opinion that you know they should stay in between that they should visit places internationally and then they should also like explore local tourist SPS so how do I evaluate that idea okay so um basically the idea if you are if any of you think that you hold a very neutral opinion in this case um it would would actually be easier for you to evaluate this if you actually ask yourself what's
• 73:30 - 74:00 more important what should they do first do you think Young individuals should travel locally first and then go uh abroad to experience other cultures or they should experience other cultures and then come back to their own culture so you will not be able to write neutrally without saying one is better than the other so it would actually be better for you to decide what's what's a priority then so if you think that a question is making you think very neutrally then a better way to evaluate
• 74:00 - 74:30 that would be to ask yourself what is more important what do I need to do first okay so once you've answered that question go with that line of thought because if you don't do that you will actually end up contradicting yourself because if I say that I need to travel internationally because it's the experience of a lifetime and then in the next line I say I need to travel locally so that I know where I come from I'm contradicting my own ideas so don't do
• 74:30 - 75:00 that because it's very difficult to remain neutral without contradicting whatever you're saying so instead ask yourself what's more important what do I want to do first so in this case would you recommend that young individual for example you're writing this article for your younger sister or brother would you recommend that they travel locally first and then go abroad or go abroad and then travel locally so think about it on those lines does that make
• 75:00 - 75:30 sense yes yeah all right so try not to be too neutral because it won't be possible because there are arguments and they are opposing one another so ask yourself what's more important um okay so someone else had a question yeah so I was saying that what if we actually like you know as there are two text which are like evaluating different points of view so introduction and then I continue with the paragraph one with the drawbacks and
• 75:30 - 76:00 the paragraph three with the benefits evalu conclusion point of view so it would be like understandable like in the last paragraph and I'm concluding okay whether it is an advantage or disadvantage okay so basically when we are dividing our information one thing I want you all to understand is uh the conclusion is not your um opinion
• 76:00 - 76:30 paragraph the conclusion is kind of like uh ribbon that you put on a present okay so the conclusion wraps up introduction generically conclusion be there to wrap up what we're writing in all forms of writing so keep in mind K the body paragraphs will be three at least can be more second body paragraph May one point view one side of the argument second body paragraph the second point of the argument third body paragraph opinion
• 76:30 - 77:00 with supporting reasons why you believe this is the case because I've already talked about all of the advantages of international travel and the disadvantages and then paragraph I hold opinion of how the advantages outweigh the disadvantages now I need to give reasons why now I need to tell them I need to tell my audience why the disadvantages which are true are not going to outweigh the
• 77:00 - 77:30 benefits you need to remember when you're writing an article you are the one who mentioned those disadvantages so you basically need to convince your audience that yes these disadvantages exists but this advantage or these advantages are more um significant as compared to these disadvantages this is what you're trying to achieve in your open need paragraph So how defend the statement okay this is like fuel guzzling a planes where like they're consuming a lot of
• 77:30 - 78:00 fuel like burning of fossil fuel so so the statement that you would say is that one cannot deny the fact that any form of travel is going to have an impact on the environment okay so in order to protect that human need to explore why not research look for ways in which one can travel in an eco-friendly manner yet at the same time getting to experience those cultures and learning about the
• 78:00 - 78:30 world around us so I am defending the fact that it is so important for me to travel that instead of saying okay I'm going to leave a negative carbon footprint I'm not going to travel instead of saying that I'll say that since it's important to travel locally or internationally whatever your point of view is why not look for eco-friendly ways similarly have to say there a point of how it is financially draining one cannot deny that TR traveling internationally is very expensive so a
• 78:30 - 79:00 lot of Europeans have come up with the solution that they go backpacking instead so instead of spending a lot of money on the Travel itself they use the money that they have for the experience they don't mind staying in um smaller motels or even uh hosts so these are alternatives that people have come up with to counter that disadvantage so opin convin you can come
• 79:00 - 79:30 up with ideas like that does that make sense did I answer your question yes yes thank you so much okay um anyone else wants me to go over this particular question before I move on to other formats m one question yes on uh as you told that in the third paragraph uh we have to to third body paragraph We have to give our own opinion so in that when we giving our opinion we should give our
• 79:30 - 80:00 own ideas or we should leave some points from the text and then include them them in those this opinion paragraph to support our opinion please clear this okay so yes you will be incorporating ideas from the text for your opinion paragraph basically your opinion is formulated on what you've read your opinion is for what you have read in the text so for example what is your opinion on the matter do you think international travel is advantages or disadvantages
• 80:00 - 80:30 advant okay so you are in favor of how young individuals should travel to other countries can you give me a reason why because they get a chance to explore new cultures and the main point i' support by that is education totally education okay so since we've already talked about the educational aspect of um international travel and we've talked about advantages that it is advantagous because it is an educational experience
• 80:30 - 81:00 right we've already talked about this so in your opinion paragraph what you're going to do is when you're incorporating this idea again what you're going to do is you will highlight the idea that um as young individuals are need because you are talking to Young individuals and you are a young individual writing this so say our need to explore um cannot be quenched with small experiences and in this day and age one needs to physically experience certain um cultures and certain phenomenons of the
• 81:00 - 81:30 world because obviously have natural sunsets and all of those so they need to physically experience them to be able to truly understand their value in our life so I could use a statement like that to support that idea so in your opinion paragraph Yes I will use the education opinion uh sorry the idea of Education from the text but when I elaborate it I will do that with my own understanding of what education means to me I will not just talk about it the way the text
• 81:30 - 82:00 talks about it that they're learning something I will talk about how it is an experience that they will be able to keep with them for the rest of their life so in a way it's an asset for them as well just the way all learning experiences are okay ma'am understood do that yeah all right any more questions before I move on to other formats can we also talk about like you know globalization and like understanding new cultures and learning new languages abroad can we
• 82:00 - 82:30 include and incorporate that so when you are incorporating the idea of the idea of globalization is something that you evaluated from experiencing different cultures right uh for those who still didn't understand evaluations this is a good point the text said we travel to experience new cultures so we can evaluate an idea out of this talking about how we live in a world that is moving very quickly towards globalization um because of Technology the borders that we have around us are virtually disappearing right so to be
• 82:30 - 83:00 able to experience these um cultures the This Global Community physically is definitely an experience that's going to um that since we are moving to a global age physically experiencing these cultures meeting these people will actually play a part in how we respond to the world around us in the future so you can incorporate the idea
• 83:00 - 83:30 that it's going to as a young individual this will prepare me for the future because then I will be more um perceptive to working with different kinds of people or being around different kinds of people okay so that idea of global because again keeping in mind we're writing to Young individuals these people will be um you know taking part in the workforce later on they'll be working in an office maybe they'll have people from different cultures there so if I'm a well-traveled individual I will
• 83:30 - 84:00 have that ability to work with these people because I've already had an opportunity to experience what it's like to be in a different culture so does that make sense it does thank you yeah okay so that's how basically you can take your evaluated point and further enhance on it based on what the text says um any more questions yes uh ahead so um when we write an article
• 84:00 - 84:30 uh we should stick to one opinion of the topic and then when we start to evaluate the our opinion uh when writing the advantages such as writing about the advantages of traveling locally uh if I have the opinion of uh traveling uh abroad should I evaluate against uh uh traveling
• 84:30 - 85:00 locally when evaluating it Point okay if this is uh par if this is your second paragraph then yes basically okay uh let me just show you the format and I'll tell you exactly what you are asking just a second so basically what you're asking me umate obviously one thing that I want you all to keep in mind is I don't want you to get you should not get confused with u what you're going to talk about data so just a second let me show you
• 85:00 - 85:30 the format all right this is the article format right for example once I've given my introduction over here I've talked about all of those disadvantages that are associated with the idea of traveling internationally from finances to the environment to all of those ideas that we identified in the first place text one once I've done that and I have
• 85:30 - 86:00 evaluated ideas that I associate with that as well either I would say on the other hand one cannot deny positives B I will say that on the other hand one cannot deny that traveling to other countries holds the benefit of catering to that human need to experience new cultures or is called generic catering to that human need to experience the world around us okay here either I will stick to my
• 86:00 - 86:30 advantages then okay so I'm not going to confuse it by what I've said I am not trying to say this I'm basically trying to um if you're visually uh imagining this article in one paragraph you're saying this is one side of the story however on the other hand this is also opinion that is associated with traveling to other countries
• 86:30 - 87:00 however I hold the opinion that this is more ADV more significant as compared to this does that make sense so you don't have to confuse the ideas because regardless of whether you agree or disagree the opinions that have been shared as advantages in the text or disadvantages they hold their ground they are true and so over here once you've highlighted one side of the story you say on the other
• 87:00 - 87:30 hand one cannot deny and then you write that side of the story however um this the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages when a young individual is considering whether or not to travel to other countries and then I give reasons why they outweigh it uh does that answer your question
• 87:30 - 88:00 a all right um any more [Music] questions okay we have a few questions in the chat as well yes you can reflect your own understanding of points within the body paragraphs so you definitely can do that
• 88:00 - 88:30 um okay talking about formats now since that is something that a lot of students are confused about and right so we've talked about the article format I'm going to quickly go over the remaining formats uh the first one being that of a letter because this is the simplest now letters and emails follow the same format in a way uh just keep in mind that when you are formulating your response for a letter or an email keep in mind that you are not required to
• 88:30 - 89:00 write any um addresses or subject lines or anything like that anymore you directly start off with the idea of um Dear Sir ma'am or Uncle if it's an informal letter based on whoever your individual is you write your greeting now one thing that I would like to point out obviously in this case is the idea that when we are writing a letter this is a response to one particular person I'm not writing my letter to a group of
• 89:00 - 89:30 people anymore to article speech report article and speech that is for a vast audience report or letter email that's for one person why does it matter that it's for one person because if I am writing to one person I need to keep in mind that this is the only individual I'm catering so I don't need to um be very general with my information I am directly corresponding with this particular individual so keep in mind
• 89:30 - 90:00 that whenever you are writing a letter or a report it is directed to one individual you are talking to one person all right that being said once you have written your greeting your introduction is going to State the purpose of your letter for example I'm writing this letter or um one line that you can definitely incorporate is that I hope this letter find you in the best of he now this is something that you can actually write for formal letters as well it's not discouraged you can wish them
• 90:00 - 90:30 well yes we will keep our tone extremely formal if it's a formal letter for example if you're writing a letter to your teacher or your principal or an editor from a newspaper or you know you're responding to a letter that you receed from a company or anything like that if it's formal we'll stick to our formal tone if it's an informal letter we can definitely incorporate a little bit of um a scenario corresponding to that letter and that particular person okay so opening for a letter I hope this
• 90:30 - 91:00 letter finds you in the best of health I'm writing this letter in reference to um an article I read in the newspaper or um some information I'd like to share with you on a matter whatever the question says okay once you have written your introduction and introduced what your letter is going to be about you move on to your body patter now just the way we divided information for our article information div okay so before I
• 91:00 - 91:30 actually go over the format I'm just going to show you a question for a letter so that you understand exactly what we're writing for so for example question it's May the letter that we're writing is for the head teacher explaining why you would or would not want to see artificial intelligence in your your school okay so the reason why I'm referring to this question is because I'll specifically give you ways
• 91:30 - 92:00 to divide this information in a letter now okay so for example my text was highlighting the idea of how artificial intelligent artificial intelligence has benefits When incorporated into a classroom and has drawbacks when incorporated into a classroom so I'll start my letter by saying I hope this letter finds him the best of health I'm writing this letter U in order to or as a concerned parent I'm writing this letter to share My Views and understanding of artificial intelligence in the classroom and the opinions I hold
• 92:00 - 92:30 on the matter for example introduction first body paragraph firstly use of transition words in letters and other forms of writing is highly encouraged please use transition words it say points of view you will be able to highlight them much more more clearly you'll be clear with what you're trying to say okay so firstly artificial intelligence is seen
• 92:30 - 93:00 as a benefit or an or a very useful resource in the classroom because I'll give those reasons whatever I evaluate I will incorporate that there as well first body paragraph firstly secondly thirdly points of view mention that are in favor of artificial intelligence in the classroom second body paragraph May I incorporate by saying on the other hand many parents or many adults or many individuals hold the
• 93:00 - 93:30 opinion that artificial intelligence may not have the benefits we all wish to um believe that they do that it does and then I incorporate all of those ideas that the text highlighted and then I also talk about how those disadvantages are significant for example that artificial intelligence is going to make the learning experience
• 93:30 - 94:00 very convenient or very quick for the students on the counter view I can mention the idea that however we cannot deny that artificial intelligence is also crippling the students because it is um making them stop thinking they are not thinking anymore they are losing their ability to analyze ideas to think on their own uh someone just mentioned how students use artificial intelligence to cheat or
• 94:00 - 94:30 complete their homework so yes a lot of times because you're using artificial intelligence to produce a response you are actually not learning anything from that process so if I use AI to generate a response I am not learning anything because I did not write that response myself okay but that does not mean that I saved time did not save time that benefit still holds I still still saved time if I don't have time and I have to complete an assignment and there is no other way for me to you know benefit from this
• 94:30 - 95:00 situation what can I do I will probably use AI because I don't have the time to spend on that assignment in that moment so the ability to save time versus the ability the loss of ability of critical reasoning or critical thinking now these are both contrasting views first body paragraph I highlighted all of the points I associate with the idea of why artificial intelligence has advantages second me I Incorporated the
• 95:00 - 95:30 ideas that I evaluated and identified from the text highlighting why artificial intelligence may not be the best approach in an education system however as a parent now I'm talking about the third body paragraph is May is May I am going to talk about the idea of what I believe as a parent or as a student in this scenario okay um yes a
• 95:30 - 96:00 lot of schools and colleges do allow artificial intelligence and responses generated from AI in order to save time so I cannot deny the fact that there are certain scenarios where I can use artificial intelligence in order to save time and at the same time pull out information that will be beneficial for my learning process okay so that again depends on what opinion you your hold um someone just mentioned talking about how it leads to um unemployment
• 96:00 - 96:30 for teachers so if I was writing from the perspective of a teacher I would definitely say AI is not something that I would encourage in the school because it is denying students that human interaction Okay so until and unless you input that particular key word you will not have that response however a discussion between two humans leads to a more learning more um natural learning experience so these are points that I can evaluate based on what I've read
• 96:30 - 97:00 from the text so third paragraph may I will definitely include my opinion as that one individual for example if I'm a student who wishes to um see artificial intelligence I'll convince my head teacher that as a student I believe that artificial intelligence will make my learning process along with the learning process of other students more um worthy of the 2 century and then I'll give reasons why I believe so similarly if I go against the idea I'll give reasons why I believe
• 97:00 - 97:30 that is not the case I can also incorporate ideas of how if I believe that it should be incorporated in schools I can say that it's going to make um the learning process more interesting for students and easier for the parents and teachers because with the incorporation of Technology their job is made easier as well so everyone's happy at the end of the day so so yes you can incorporate the idea of how it's not just impacting you as a student parent or teacher but the other members
• 97:30 - 98:00 of that Community as well because when we're talking about a school obviously we have teachers students Administration pens all of these individuals are part of that one organization one community so if I am saying that AI is beneficial in a school I can use this idea that it's going to not only benefit me but those around me as well or it's not only a disadvantage for me but those around me as well that's what's going to make my letter more convincing if I am writing to this individual and I cater
• 98:00 - 98:30 to all of those around me the community within that school then my letter becomes more convincing AA um talking about how excessive use of AI can lead to less creativity and hence AI is easily going to take over um okay so yes it is going to impact greatly on the way students think right
• 98:30 - 99:00 so if all students end up using AI for their responses their responses will not have that essence of individuality in them anymore so definitely it's going to take over the way they think as well okay so all of these points that you students are coming up with yes they're all valid but keep in mind only to incorporate these if they are supported by the text okay so as per the new format all of these ideas in three body paragraphs include they have to be based
• 99:00 - 99:30 on what we read in the text so it has to be along those lines so just keep that in mind no this is not our conclusion this is our closing so once I have mentioned my opinion I will say that I in the last paragraph I'm going to politely thank this individual for you know taking out the time to read my letter I will reflect on saying that I look forward to response on the matter and I hope that the information and opinions that I shared in reference to
• 99:30 - 100:00 artificial intelligence as part of the um learning experience for students in our school um helped or helps you make a decision that is beneficial for all uh members of this community students parents and teachers alike now why did I st say the statement because you should always wrap up with reinstating what your question was actually about so is me when I'm thanking them I'm also thanking them this is what I talked about so I hope this was useful for you once I've said that I close by saying
• 100:00 - 100:30 best regards and sign up with your full name um any questions about the letter format um any questions uh ideas of our own along the ideas from the text yes you can um ideas and evaluation talking about how yes you can incorporate ideas you based off of idea that applies to all directed writing formats CH letter or article or speech
• 100:30 - 101:00 or report you can um I think we'll be done with um comp directed writing in another 10 minutes and then we will go over narrative and descriptive essays as well okay so third body paragraph This is going to be for your opinion and supporting arguments followed by thanking the individual yeah last paragraph it technically where you thank the individual for taking out the time to read your letter and hope for response
• 101:00 - 101:30 if that's what the question um gives room for better letter ke closing this is your last paragraph in terms of conclusion this is your closing this is not your conclusion this is technically your conclusion end obviously you thank the individual right so that's your closing um yes someone is mentioning that do we include the perspectives of two or more
• 101:30 - 102:00 people teachers students Etc depends on the question if the question is asking to write from the perspective of a student you will have to stick to that however to support your opinion you can say that it is not only helping me as a student but also the rest of the community that includes parents teachers and um the administration so it depends on the question okay so keep in mind the question and then decide on what your point of view should be all right any
• 102:00 - 102:30 more questions for the letter before I move on I guess we're good to go all right the third thing that we have in um our curriculum is the idea of how uh when we are writing a direct writing we may be asked to write a now one thing that I want you all to keep in mind is that whenever we are given a speech this is basically a
• 102:30 - 103:00 response that is written keeping in mind that we are not writing for the sake of being read we're actually writing a response that is meant to be something that is meant to be spoken out loud so why does that matter it matters because of the way we punctuate our response in terms of the way a speech is supposed to be delivered okay
• 103:00 - 103:30 so I will talk about that in just a second um okay what is a thesis State okay so a thesis statement is something that we already talked about in terms of some introduction May introduce the idea uh that I'm writing this letter in order to share my um the information I hold on the matter along with my opinions on this particular issue statement state that this is what my letter is going to be about that's your your thesis statement similarly speech
• 103:30 - 104:00 so obviously I will introduce to my audience that this is what I'm talking about right so that is your thesis statement a statement that highlights the idea of what the entire text is going to be about okay so I hope that answers your question all right so as far as the format for a speech is concerned keeping in mind that a speech is meant to be spoken out loud not just written on paper we will begin our
• 104:00 - 104:30 speech by obviously introducing ourself and the question at hand however toam speech there are certain ways that we can incorporate um techniques to make our speech all the more interesting now a speech is very interesting because this is something that gives you the leverage to experiment with the way you write all right so for example introduction here is May you can um use a lot of what if scenarios you can begin with a quote you can even incorporate
• 104:30 - 105:00 um personal anecdotes personal experiences within your text to support what you're talking about so basically the introduction just the way um we highlighted for other forms of writing will definitely include the thesis statement we will try to incorporate an idea that this is what the speech is going to be about but other than that we will greet our audience we will um address them directly we may begin with a quote or we may begin with a what if scenario imagine you're sitting um on a
• 105:00 - 105:30 beach enjoying uh cold drinks with your friends wouldn't that be amazing and if I'm writing a speech about traveling internationally right um I can't show you sample speech I have it right here so I will share that once I'm done with the format okay so once we have talked about the introduction we've introduced the idea of what this text is going to be about we welcomed the audience and everything body of the speech again the
• 105:30 - 106:00 steps remain the same we read our reference text we identify points of view and we evaluate any ideas that we would associate with it all right then uh I'm going to show you a question for a speech real quick so that that can be our reference for the speech format so for example speech WR speech for school levers about attitudes to work in your speech you should evaluate the views and opinions
• 106:00 - 106:30 about work given in both texts give your own views based on what you have read about what you consider to be a good attitude to work throughout a person's working life so for example if I'm writing a speech for graduates so you guys are graduating and I am writing a speech for you where I am trying to incorporate um the idea of what is the best approach to a working life should should you be a smart worker or a hard worker okay so if this is what my speech
• 106:30 - 107:00 is about so generically obviously I'm going to start off with a what if scenario making my audience imagine um what life could possibly be like 10 years down the line and whether it's a positive or negative one I can talk to them about how the choices you make in your life now will impact what you see 10 years down the and then when I come down to my body paragraphs I will obviously incorporate all of the points that I have identified from the text along with
• 107:00 - 107:30 what I evaluated based on what is associated with benefits of hardwork versus drawbacks of hardw work okay um okay incorporating ideas from the text okay no no no do not say according to text A or text B your response does not need to reflect
• 107:30 - 108:00 the idea that this came from a text A or a text B or a text one or a text two do not do that okay you are evaluate you are incorporating these ideas is something that is part of your knowledge now okay so you are reflecting on what you have read just keep that in mind do not mention text a so once you have established that you've mentioned your points of view that you have read within your text followed by
• 108:00 - 108:30 your own opinion on the matter giving them advice on this is what the best approach is so if I want to convince someone on a certain idea it's always useful to give them both sides of the story and say isn't this better because now they won't question why this is better so whenever you are highlighting two points of view and then giving your own opinion and convincing them of the matter which in this case you are make sure that you do not negate what you
• 108:30 - 109:00 have already said as the negatives or the drawbacks of um hard work or smart work okay so you've given your both your points of view point of view a and point of view B given your own opinion the difference between a speech and other forms of writing is that here you have the opportunity to use a lot of various uh literary devices you can use met for similes you can use quotes you can use your own personal um anecdotes for example a short um example of how um
• 109:00 - 109:30 your life turned out better because you decided to do this and give reasons supported by the text so if you are talking about a particular scenario support it with Reasons from the text okay you can use um use adjectives use what of scenarios uh use varied sentence structures speeches made this is very important because when you are incorporating VAR ious um forms of sending inst structures what happens is you actually have pauses you actually have descriptions because again this is
• 109:30 - 110:00 something that is written for the sake of being read out loud you're not writing this for the sake of being read so one thing that I tell my students every time when they're writing a speech is that you should always save five minutes in the end and with your response imagine yourself reading it out loud do you think there are any pauses that you may have missed any um exclamation marks that would have made your speech more um interesting to hear because again this is not something
• 110:00 - 110:30 that your audience is reading this is something that your audience has to listen to so they have to sit through this speech right so have you made it interesting enough for your audience or not is it something that you would want to sit through or is it something that you would be able to relate to if someone delivered the speech to you so these are some points that you must always keep in mind and always save five minutes in the end to read your response for all other
• 110:30 - 111:00 forms of responses I would say those five minutes are for punctuation and spellings because a lot of students when they're writing they end up misspelling very common word that they would otherwise have spelled properly B secondly if it's a speech give yourself five minutes to imagine yourself reading it out loud to an audience if you think that there was there should have been a pause here or maybe I should have you know um said this fix it because if you do not do that you may end up writing a very um
• 111:00 - 111:30 generic very redundant very boring speech which no audience might want to actually listen to and that is what the examiner would have in mind when they're reading your speech they are imagining you delivering it to them so keep in mind a speech is meant to be heard not read okay you explained all points that you mentioned within your opinion with counterpoints um you can use facts and figures if they're mentioned within your text you can also use person experiences
• 111:30 - 112:00 or anecdotes if that's something that fits your question at hand okay then you have your conclusion in which you obviously restate airm conclusion that this is the best way forward um make sure that your conclusion no you that's why I've divided it the body paragraphs these breaks that I have between these lines this this is supposed to reflect paragraphing no form of writing is one big chunk of a
• 112:00 - 112:30 paragraph So it's never encouraged in proper English responses that you write as one paragraph CH would descriptive or narrative article letter report nothing is written in one paragraph you always divide because you're not talking about one idea a paragraph is a break between ideas and if you're mentioning such various contrasting ideas how could you possibly write in one paragraph you do not write in one paragraph so make sure that you incorporate all ideas in
• 112:30 - 113:00 separate paragraphs your conclusion which is your concluding paragraph is going to obviously restate what you're talking about uh make sure that you do summarize the idea that you started off with but at the same time be a little firm or use a statement that grabs the attention of the audience you can even end with a quote in this case case as well if you haven't already done that in the beginning so all of those uh strategies that apply to creating an effective opening also apply to creating
• 113:00 - 113:30 an effective conclusion okay so for those who believe that they have trouble keeping track of the points that they're writing or they end up missing points this is why I always tell students to spend five minutes with your text to plan out your response so insert when you're highlighting ideas you can you know try and make note that
• 113:30 - 114:00 this is what I'm going to talk about first this is what I'm going to talk about second okay so if this is something that you have a lot of trouble with keeping track of your ideas then it is always recommended to spend those 10 minutes initially to plan out your response before you actually start writing and then stick to it because if you start confusing or second guessing yourself you will end up right a response that is confused which is not clear enough for the examiner or the audience or the reader generally to
• 114:00 - 114:30 understand okay um okay so a lot of people who have difficulty in formulating responses basically beta the thing is once you have highlighted those ideas try to generalize them in your mind for example P just say um the article that we the text that we read about traveling to other countries a point within that they talked about was education that it's an educational
• 114:30 - 115:00 experience now when I don't want to restate that fact because copy so what am I going to do I am basically going to take that idea of education and I'm going to associate all those ideas that I can think of that the word education BR to my mind education means to learn learn about what if they're talking about travel what can I learn from traveling idea generalize so that you can formulate a general idea to write as your response okay so I hope that
• 115:00 - 115:30 answers your question rayan all right any more confusions with the format of a speech so one thing that we have to keep in mind is that when we are writing a speech the introduction and the conclusion have to be very impactful have to gauge the audience it has to keep track of their you could say their attention I want it to be interesting for them I don't want an individual to have to sit through me delivering 300 to
• 115:30 - 116:00 400 words and be bored all right so our aim when writing a speech is to make it interesting for them but at the same time that does not mean we become informal that does not mean that we use slang language regardless of who my audience may be this is still an examiner response they will be reading it so make sure uh butan I did just mention that this is your opinion paragraph So once you have stated the positives and negatives of
• 116:00 - 116:30 one thing you will say however I hold the opinion or I I believe most of you would agree with my opinion that artificial intelligence is the future of our classroom for example if I'm writing a speech and my task at hand is to convince my audience that artificial intelligence use so once I've given them the benefits and the drawbacks I will say however I'm sure you will all agree with me when I say that artificial intelligence is the
• 116:30 - 117:00 way forward and I'll give reasons for that so definitely you're giving your opinion because again I'm going to take you back to the question real quick that you have to give your opinion look at this they're saying give your opinion on the matter so please read the question very very carefully all the instructions are there so you're always always expected to evaluate and you're expected to Give opinions or persuade on a matter depending on the question any more questions for the format of a speech we
• 117:00 - 117:30 just have reports left are we good to go with the speech format generally okay yes we are all right um now that we are done with all of those forms of uh writing one thing that I would want to go over again would be the writing format for a report report
• 117:30 - 118:00 writing is um still going to incorporate the same ideas as we do in terms of opposing opinions or points of view followed by our own opinion and recommendation the one major difference between all forms of writing and a report is that this is the most formal form of writing number one secondly we um have to incorporate a very generic title I've given uh you guys a sample introduction to what the introduction for a report is supposed to sound like
• 118:00 - 118:30 so you're generally just talking about what the purpose of your report is going to be followed by um subheadings which will highlight the various ideas that you incorporate so for example if the report is about animal testing I'll talk about how the purpose of this report is to highlight um the use of animal testing this report also includes opinions recommendations regarding the above issue I'll give subheadings which will highlight the idea of the information that I share followed
• 118:30 - 119:00 by my opinions and conclusion so the information that I divide within this the evaluation process Remains the Same however the format does change so any confusions with the report format or can I move on all right so I guess that's sorted
• 119:00 - 119:30 um before I move on to the composition section I'd actually like to ask you guys what do you want me to go over first descriptive or narrative yes it is compulsory to write subheadings for a report it's absolutely necessary okay so since most of you believe we should go over narrative first so that's what I'm going go okay so for the composition section which is the second part of your uh yes your opinion this is where your opinion goes
• 119:30 - 120:00 in a report in the opinion paragraph So I divide all of the information that I have followed by my opinion or recommendation and then I give in conclusion um asking the individual or hoping that the individual will follow through with my recommendation conclusion okay so any more questions about reports all right I guess we're good
• 120:00 - 120:30 with the reports there okay so when we talk about composition which is the second section of your um writing paper is May you are expected to formulate a response for 350 to 450 words an essay which could either be descriptive or narrative um s uh what do you mean by only adding a heading you do have to add a heading but then you do have to add subheadings
• 120:30 - 121:00 as well okay so make sure that the subheading is there it has to be okay so when we are talking about composition narratives and descriptive you'll be given two of each and you have to pick one so it's one response you will only be writing one of them 350 to 450 words when we talk about composition writing I will go over narratives first let's skip through the
• 121:00 - 121:30 descriptive all right so basically when we are writing a narrative um which is a story basically um yes subheading for each and every paragraph ear so when we are writing a narrative essay this this basically means writing a story so one thing that I like to reiterate every time I talk to students about narrative writing is that you are writing a story
• 121:30 - 122:00 which is supposed to follow a particular story arc okay so whenever you are um going over the if you've ever seen a markting scheme as well for narrative writing you'll notice that they talk about narrative elements they use words like structure these are basically the grading points of whether or not you've written an effective narrative or not it's basically that your story is supposed to have a very clear and distinct number one opening like you begin with
• 122:00 - 122:30 something that makes sense as per the question you have events that flow subsequently and at the same time you need to keep in mind that your response is supposed to cater to the idea that your characters are distinctly highlighted and they play an important part in the way your story runs okay so you're supposed to have an introduction that highlights those um characters you
• 122:30 - 123:00 are supposed to have a very clear and distinct setting setting has to incorporate the idea of what your story is trying to say so I think the best um way to actually highlight what a good narrative is supposed to be is through an example so I'm going to leave a sample on my screen for a second and I want you guys to just read these three paragraphs so I can comment on exactly how you can incorporate these ideas in any narrative that you write so
• 123:00 - 123:30 if you all just take a minute and just read this it's a question that says you need to write a story which includes the line as they looked in the mirror they were amazed to find two completely different people smiling smiling back at them it's a sample from one of the papers so just read this and then I will talk about the elements that I just mentioned
• 123:30 - 124:00 e
• 124:00 - 124:30 just let me know once you read it then we can move on with discussing the
• 124:30 - 125:00 elements
• 125:00 - 125:30 all right so basically the response that's in front of you this is one um of a very well written response I would say it's a very good story that they highlight there's more to it but I'm just going to start off with the beginning and talk about how there are certain elements that we have to incorporate when we're writing a story now no matter what the question States um in terms of the narrative you'll either be given a title you'll either be given a scenario
• 125:30 - 126:00 or a uh someone just said that can we have a horror theme now if you notice the story that they've written here it has quite science fiction twist to it okay so whatever you use uh in terms of your um theme for your story that is part of your additional elements your overall tone your overall theme for your story that is up to you you can make it as humorous as you want it can be a serious story it can be a personal narrative it can be completely fictional
• 126:00 - 126:30 you can incorporate elements of fantasy in it all of that is acceptable as long as your story contains the basic elements of a proper beginning middle and end there's a flow to your events secondly thirdly you have to make sure that there is some movement with your events so if your events basically just dictate this happened and that happened and then this happened and then that happened so I
• 126:30 - 127:00 just dictate there was a boy he entered a room he saw this and then he went to the table he sat down he ate his food um he did not like it so he left his meal halfway he got up and he left now if I just State what's happening one after the other then my story might not be very interesting so as far as the plot is concerned we need to incorporate interesting elements so this is where the theme comes in so if you incorporate elements of Science Fiction if you make it Supernatural if you make it
• 127:00 - 127:30 um horror like some of you would like to write that's fine you can do that so the theme of your overall um story The yre that you choose to write that's completely up to you so if you look at the question here it doesn't say that it has to be a true story it can can be imaginative it can be realistic it can be something that you may have experienced yourself so the
• 127:30 - 128:00 question says that you have to write a story that includes this line now for those who have trouble coming up with interesting plots the best way to do that is to try and imagine that particular title in your head for example yes you can write fiction um look at this composition introduction they say that you are basically writing on one of these which is a
• 128:00 - 128:30 narrative it can be fictional it can be imaginative it can be something that you personally experience so all of these apply is it okay um so a lot of students question whether it is acceptable to write about um you know Murder and blood and all of these things now the reason why um you a lot of teachers discourage this is because students end up writing very cliched plots which are
• 128:30 - 129:00 technically because I'm sure half like any of you may not have experienced these things yourself right so because you haven't experienced any of this yourself you end up incorporating elements from movies that you may have seen or shows that you may have seen which end ends up either becoming um a copied piece of text or it becomes very cliched that's why a lot of teachers do discourage so it is
• 129:00 - 129:30 encouraged to stick to a very simple yre as compared to such details so there's nothing wrong with the story that you know incorporates these ideas but the idea here is that you need to um Ali I don't understand your question I'm not sure what it ask so just keep in mind that it's no yra is incorrect technically but it is
• 129:30 - 130:00 not encouraged because you may end up lifting ideas from things that you may have seen that is why a lot of teachers do discourage it because it's not something that you have AA okay so the response I showed you this is a this is an AAR response so the reason why I showed you is because I want you to see the flow of events so the you may not be able to incorporate all of these elements but even if you
• 130:00 - 130:30 incorporate some of them you will definitely be incorporating brilliant response because the thing that you need to focus here is that this text does try to highlight descriptions it does try to make the reader vividly imagine that scenario okay there is a flow of events so yes you can write in simple English but that does not mean that you do not incorporate any descriptions that does not mean you do not describe your scenario so one thing that you do have
• 130:30 - 131:00 to keep in mind is try to show instead of just telling what happened within the story okay so there's definitely more to it um okay so a lot of students um believe that there are C okay there are certain techniques that you can incorporate when it comes to writing a narrative uh you can start from your climax but just remember build towards it then Circle back to it your story should be a complete narrative it should not look like it has been left halfway so yes it is effective to start
• 131:00 - 131:30 from the middle and then Circle back to it and a lot of stories begin at the end and then they Circle back it's a flashback sequence so even that is effective as long as you do so effectively and coherently there should be a flow in your events uh does the end okay um the ending doesn't always have to be positive but there definitely has to be um an ending to it um I do think that
• 131:30 - 132:00 this is going to be on YouTube I I'm not sure it probably will be any important questions that you want to ask before you sign off because I know this has taken quite a lot of our time so anything that you want to go over in terms of narratives anything that you don't understand um okay anything about narratives or any of the formats that we have discussed any
• 132:00 - 132:30 questions so as far as a narrative is concerned just make sure that you plan out your story adms and provers are definitely allowed they're actually encouraged yes you can blend and bl blend a universal plot okay I will Circle back to the previous formats is it okay point of view um I will answer that question because a lot of students are confused in what's the best point of view um in
• 132:30 - 133:00 terms of a story this is the article format if you want you can take a screenshot so um as far as the point of view is concerned uh first person narrative is always the easiest uh there's no specific Inc point of view it actually depends on your story for example if I am trying to narrate a story where I am experiencing something or it is something that is a very personal St for example say this
• 133:00 - 133:30 question they so it's second person so definitely it will be more effective if I stick to that right so it is better to write whatever point of view fits your story so there's no preference of point of view it's all about what the question demands uh for students who believe that they have uh weak English but obviously that doesn't mean that you should uh not be able to like okay so as long as you are producing a narrative that has all
• 133:30 - 134:00 of the elements that we have just talked about you show an understanding of the topic at hand you try and build a scenario around it secondly you need to try and make sure that the overall um story is a coherent one okay so even if you're not using very elaborate English terms you incorporate descriptions you incorporate details as Vivid as you
• 134:00 - 134:30 possibly can that will definitely improve your grade so just because you're not using very fancy words doesn't mean your story is a bad story simple stories can be effective if they are written effectively so if you try and use those statements to create an effect in your story and that's obvious then you should be able to get a better grade Okay so it's not just about using fancy words it's about using words effectively um any more questions about what we have just talked about or
• 134:30 - 135:00 anything that you would want to ask me as far as notes in this PowerPoint is concerned I'll try and uh share that with s okay when it comes to planning out a narrative um I always tell my students to keep in mind this diagram which is basically called the story AR as well um when you are this one so basically you need to know exactly where you want your story to start and where you want it to end uh what kind of experiences do you want
• 135:00 - 135:30 your characters to experience it's always effective to have a conflict within your story that is something that if you incorporate within your rising action as your story Builds on you create a conflict and how that character uh reacts to that conflict and how they you know move on with life because of conflict so is you will actually be able to plan out an effective um
• 135:30 - 136:00 narrative all right so I think we've taken um a lot of time for this so I'm going to pause right here um if you guys have any more questions you can let sir ammed know and then we can uh maybe have another session on Sunday okay all right I'll let you guys off now so if there's any questions you can stay back otherwise uh you're free to go for my side uh I would actually suggest when
• 136:00 - 136:30 you're writing your English paper do it as calmly as you possibly can um okay so what I can do is um figures of speech uh I will try and share whatever resources I have on that okay so whatever notes I have I'll share them anything else that you'd like me to go over uh yes you're free to go from my
• 136:30 - 137:00 side I'll see if I can share this PowerPoint with sir Emma and then he can share it with you guys okay okay so the best thing in terms of sticking to the word limit is to try and and club together ideas if you think you're going to exceed word limits if you end up talking about all the points but you think some of them are more
• 137:00 - 137:30 important than others obviously prioritize those but if you are able to identify points that are similar in terms of the inherent idea then Club them together say word limit you can you should definitely use figures of speech and narrative writing so do include them um as far as time is concerned I always tell students to spare at least 15 minutes for the reading and correction
• 137:30 - 138:00 process so when you have two hours 15 minutes are to be saved for that 1 hour 45 minutes your directed writing should not take you more than 45 to 50 minutes and then the remaining time should be spent on your story writing uh the best way to not exceed um word limits in descriptive writing a so descriptive writing basically is the easiest to actually not exceed the word
• 138:00 - 138:30 limit in because if you um okay so I'm not sure if you're familiar with the idea but whenever you're describing a picture there's this uh terminology where we use how you in describe the foreground middle ground and the background so if you just stick to these three um within two paragraphs each you should be able to complete your task within the word limit so so imagine you're describing a picture what's in the uh foreground Middle Ground background and then go with that um I
• 138:30 - 139:00 don't know um sir Amed is there any way I can share resources with the students um any other questions for what I've talked about right now okay so I'll try and see if I can share the resources with him and then he can
• 139:00 - 139:30 share them with you guys okay um I will share figures of speech as well so I've taken note of that and I will share them with all right kids if you have any more questions you can let schedule another session all right all right thank you so much for being here and good luck with your paper all right thank you everyone