Exploring Environmental Practices

Environment Lecture Dr Anand Patil for GERT

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Summary

In a comprehensive lecture by Dr. Anand Patil, key concepts surrounding environmental sustainability were explored in detail. The session revolved around understanding the clean development mechanism (CDM), carbon credits, and carbon footprinting, among other critical topics. Dr. Patil emphasized the importance of sustainable development, balancing resource usage, and addressing global warming through practical and policy-driven approaches. Important international frameworks like the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Accord were discussed, as well as their role in regulating greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental equilibrium across diverse geographies. The lecture also touched on intriguing alliances and conflicts between developed and developing nations concerning emission reduction and resource management.

Highlights

The lecture delved into environmental laws maintaining equilibrium and resource management globally 🌐.
Dr. Patil explained CDM as a means to balance economic growth and environmental sustainability in developing nations ⚖️.
Carbon footprint, a measure of greenhouse gas emissions, is majorly contributed by developed countries 📊.
International conferences like COP aim to address disparities in resources and emissions across nations 🌎.
Adopting green building practices and green computing can significantly reduce the environmental footprints of industries 🏢.

Key Takeaways

Sustainable development connects past, present, and future, aiming to use resources wisely and sustainably 🌍.
Key environmental principles like CDM, carbon credits, and carbon footprinting are crucial in combating global warming ♻️.
The Kyoto Protocol and Paris Accord are pivotal international agreements aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions 🌱.
The 'polluter pays' principle holds polluters financially accountable, driving emissions reduction initiatives 💡.
Innovations like green buildings and green computing are essential in minimizing environmental impact 🌿.

Overview

Dr. Anand Patil's lecture offered an insightful exploration into the realm of environmental sustainability. His presentation emphasized the potent combination of clean development mechanisms, carbon credits, and carbon footprints as pivotal in the ongoing global effort to secure a cleaner environment. Narrated with a rich tapestry of concepts, the lecture underscored the need for a collaborative approach from all countries to ensure a harmonious balance between development and environmental preservation.

Highlighting the importance of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Accord, Dr. Patil elaborated on how these international agreements are crucial in setting emission standards and fostering sustainable practices worldwide. The lecture dissected the 'polluter pays' principle, advocating that those who harm the environment must bear the cost of their actions, thus incentivizing industries to minimize pollution.

With a vision towards a sustainable future, the lecture introduced innovative practices such as green buildings and green computing. These practices are not just theoretical but are seen in practical use today, exemplifying how technology can be harnessed to minimize environmental impacts efficiently. The session wrapped up with an optimistic view of working collectively towards a sustainable and ecologically balanced world.

Chapters

00:00 - 01:00: Introduction and Overview of Topics The chapter introduces two important environmental topics as suggested by Professor Panduno. It covers basic concepts related to the Clean Development Mechanism, carbon credits, carbon footprints, and discusses issues related to environmental sustainability and equilibrium, which are part of Unit 4.
01:00 - 03:00: Unit Four: Basic Concepts The chapter focuses on laws governing the environment, sustainability, equilibrium maintenance, and resource management. It highlights the implementation of these laws globally, although the discussion is specifically centered on unit four within the context. The transcript suggests that there will be a detailed study of these topics in the session.
03:00 - 06:00: Unit Four: Eight Topics Overview This chapter provides an overview of eight topics related to green environmental issues. The strategy involves discussing basic concepts, their applications, and impacts on the environment and daily life. The first topic introduced is CDM (Clean Development Management), focusing on carbon management.
06:00 - 09:00: Global Warming and Resource Management The chapter discusses various aspects related to global warming and resource management, starting with environmental footprinting. It covers carbon management strategies such as carbon credits and carbon sequestration. The chapter also explains the polluter pays principle, green building practices, and discusses the integration of green computing and nanotechnology with reference to ISO standard 14,000. Moreover, it highlights the role of information technology in maintaining environmental balance and promoting sustainable development.
09:00 - 13:00: Sustainability and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) The chapter discusses the promotion of human health through various case studies related to sustainability and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). A comparison of temperature differences between Hangure and major cities like Mumbai, Bombay, and Pune is made to highlight the impact of climate and environment on human living conditions. The temperature in Hangure is much lower (5 to 6° centigrade) compared to these bustling urban areas (around 40° centigrade), showing a stark 35° centigrade difference. This discussion may be utilized to emphasize the importance of CDM in mitigating adverse climatic conditions.
13:00 - 19:00: Carbon Footprint and Green Computing The chapter "Carbon Footprint and Green Computing" discusses how nature and environmental events influence changes in temperature and climate. Specifically, it mentions an incident in Vancouver where temperatures rose to 40 degrees, highlighting the impact of global factors on local climate conditions.
19:00 - 25:00: Carbon Footprint Calculation and Mitigation This chapter discusses the importance of maintaining natural resources such as water, air, wind, and soil, which are crucial for the equilibrium and well-being of the living world. It highlights the significance of resource management to address issues related to global warming.
25:00 - 34:00: Ecological Footprint and Sustainability The chapter discusses the concept of sustainability with a focus on the ecological footprint. It emphasizes the importance of conserving resources for future generations while managing current affairs. Sustainability is highlighted as a crucial practice that is relevant across different time zones and periods, based on past experiences.
34:00 - 43:00: Carbon Credits and Trading The chapter titled 'Carbon Credits and Trading' focuses on the concept of sustainability and how it can be achieved through clean development management. It highlights the idea of connecting the past, present, and future time zones. The past exposures and experiences are utilized in managing present resources effectively, ensuring their conservation and reservation for future generations. This approach is fundamentally about using resources efficiently and responsibly to ensure their availability for the future, thus achieving sustainability.
43:00 - 54:00: Green Building and Sustainable Practices The chapter "Green Building and Sustainable Practices" discusses the optimal and judicious use of resources. It suggests that resources should only be used as much as necessary to satisfy the needs of the present population. It quotes Mahatma Gandhi, emphasizing that the Earth has sufficient resources to fulfill the needs of all living creatures, including humans, but implies a need for responsible consumption.
54:00 - 60:00: Green Computing and ICT in Environment In the chapter titled 'Green Computing and ICT in Environment,' the focus is on balancing resource usage with sustainable environmental practices. It discusses the challenge of human greed leading to overexploitation of resources, emphasizing the importance of not overburdening the environment. It introduces the concept of clean development mechanisms as a tool for maintaining sustainability and addressing green environmental issues. This suggests a need for thoughtful resource management to support ecological balance.
60:00 - 65:00: Case Studies and Conclusion The chapter 'Case Studies and Conclusion' discusses environmental issues such as pollution, global warming, and ecological imbalance. It emphasizes the need to minimize such impacts through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The CDM is introduced as a method supported by various international agencies to address these environmental concerns.

Environment Lecture Dr Anand Patil for GERT Transcription

00:00 - 00:30 Hello students uh as suggested by professor panduno today we are going to discuss uh two important topics on environment. So one is related to the unit 4 and it tells us basic concept related to you know uh clean development mechanism, carbon credit footprint and certain issues related to environment sustainability and environment equilibrium and to maintain that in
00:30 - 01:00 topic two that is unit six we have to study various laws governing the environment uh sustainability as well as maintaining equilibrium, resource management and various laws which are being implemented not only in our country but all over the world. So uh the present session is going to be with respect to unit four. So where
01:00 - 01:30 there we'll be discussing almost eight topics and our strategy will be like this. So with the format of these type of slides, we'll be discussing certain basic concepts then how they're applied and uh its impact on uh environment and day-to-day activities. So it's related to green environmental issues. So here are the eight topics. One is CDM clean development management, carbon
01:30 - 02:00 footprinting. Second is carbon third is the carbon credits. Then carbon sequestration polluttor pay principles green building practices approaches to green computer and nanotechnology with respect to that ISO standard 14,000 then role of information technology in the maintenance of environmental balance as well as uh what you call as a development should be the sustainable and how it can be used
02:00 - 02:30 for the promoting human health and certain case studies with respect to all these seven topics. So now see at present I'm speaking with you from Hangure. So here the temperature is almost 5 to 6° centigrade and in our uh cities like Mumbai and Bombay or the Pune it is almost 40° centigrade. So the difference of the temperature is almost 35° centigrade. And then human beings
02:30 - 03:00 need to you know adapt to this type of changes. Now this is because of nature. So natural in the geographical and certain what you can call as a environmental natural environmental events this type of a difference is there but uh few years back in Vancouver itself the temperature has gone up to 40° in rate and that was considered it was because of a global
03:00 - 03:30 warming and so that is why this maintaining the resources on the is a big issue and the resources we are aware they there are in Marati we call them as the punch mahabud that is water then air then wind then soil so maintaining the equilibrium between all these what you call the physical resources for the you know well-being of a living world is
03:30 - 04:00 nothing but a sustainable practice and then word sustainable is very important with respect to time zone. So whatever we have experienced in the past we're using it for the conservation of the resources for the future generation and managing that whole affairs in the present period. So see the sustainability
04:00 - 04:30 connects these three time zones past future and whatever the past exposure we had we're using it to manage the present resources to conserve them or to keep them reserved for the future generations and so that is what it is called as sustainability and how this sustainability can be achieved. So it can be achieved with clean development management. What is that? So it is nothing but whatever the resources we are having we have to use them
04:30 - 05:00 judiciously or optimally rather. So what is that optimal or judicious use of the resources. So it is nothing but whatever is required and essential to satisfy the needs of the present people that much only should be used. Mahatma Gandhi has said there are enough resources on the earth to cater the needs of each and every living creature including the human being but the resources on earth
05:00 - 05:30 always fall short in front of the greed of the people. So considering that so we have to ponder these resources and uh we should not have that much burden on the environment and so to understand how this clean development mechanism can be used for the maintenance of the sustainability or the green environmental issues. So, so green
05:30 - 06:00 environment is nothing but uh whatever the pollution or that is the global warming or ecologic imbalance has been there. So, it should be minimized and so that minimization can be done with one of the way called as a clean development mechanism. And then the idea of the clean development mechanism has been introduced by various you know international agencies and uh there's
06:00 - 06:30 one particular movement called the UN United Nations development project. So they are at the forefront of that and they are always trying to maintain the balance between the uh developed countries and then developing countries because whatever the resources are available with the Americans or the Canadians or the Europeans or for that matter the citizens of the G8 countries and the
06:30 - 07:00 resources available with the remaining 193 minus 8 so that comes around 185 countries in the So there's a lot of disparity. So that disparity has to be reduced. And uh for that uh every year what we call the COP conference of the parties all these nations which are member of the United Nations as well those who are not member of the non-state agencies they'll come together and discuss certain issues
07:00 - 07:30 faced by the uh you know the environment and try to come out with certain mechanism or the certain platforms or the programs which can uh maintain this sustainability. So we are supposed to know what are the meanings or the definitions of all these seven terminology. So CDM in this slide it is a mechanism under the QTO protocol allowing industrialized countries to invest in emission reduction projects in
07:30 - 08:00 developing countries to earn carbon credits. So I told just now it's a G8 those eight countries developed and almost 185 countries which are developing and among them another we are at a group called as a G20 or there is a group called as a GRICS. So they are somewhere few of them are near to developed the more than developed countries and few are again with the remaining group of the countries. And so
08:00 - 08:30 to balance the this developmental intensity of these G8 and then remaining one countries is nothing but CDM. Then uh of the late we are aware that whole world is uh now using computers for or we call it ICT information communication technology and that ICT is affecting each and every you
08:30 - 09:00 know aspect of the not only human life but the whole universe and majority of the see for making certain hardware in the computers or the software. So you need lot of you know metals, non-metals, chemicals and process them. For that you need the energy. So to produce the energy you have to burn the coal or use the oil. you need uh transport that
09:00 - 09:30 particular equipment from one place to the other place and all that thing needs a lot of uh at the cost of the natural resources and to avoid that and to maintain the equilibrium to achieve the sustainability the grim computing is one of the new method so what is that nothing but the practice of designing manufacturing using and disposing of IT streams with minimum
09:30 - 10:00 minimal environmental impact. So we'll discuss that later. There's a if you see all these seven topics uh there's a lot of material available online or in books there's a lot of literature there have been lot of papers presented but the case studies have been there and we cover all these event in say one hour it's a quite difficult but we'll try to finish almost
10:00 - 10:30 all of them. So then third concept is a carbon footprint. Now I told you for the you know manufacturing of the certain hardware and the software of the ICT or the certain equipments we need energy and for that energy we're burning the coal uh up the late there's a concept called the bio energy or even the solar energy and in those cases also we need
10:30 - 11:00 solar panels also to manufacture those PVC photo cells again you need energy. So carbon footprint is nothing but total amount of greenhouse gas emission caused directly or indirectly by an individual organization event product expressed as a carbon dioxide equivalent and mainly those G8 countries are contributing lot of greenhouse greenhouse gases emission. So those
11:00 - 11:30 gases which increase the temperature of the climate or that environment and the global warming what we call basically there are the six gases agreed by certain agencies there are more also and uh the footprint is like that then carbon credits so those who are responsible for emitting the gases so they have their factor So now
11:30 - 12:00 we know that Donald Trump is using those you know the sanctions against various countries and uh that concept of the making America great again. So what he's trying to do is again related to because most of the you know for example the Apple company it has a GDP uh so it's a annual turnover is more than the GDP of almost 190 countries.
12:00 - 12:30 Suppose approval in the country it says GDP would have number three in the world and uh uh as far as the manufacturing their products they don't have their units of the manufacturing factories in US rather than in developed countries but in developing countries like China, India, Vietnam or certain other Southeast Asian countries
12:30 - 13:00 and while manufacturing those equipments or those mobile phones or the computers. So whatever you know the emission is done by that company is not in US but it is in other countries and they are causing a threat to the environment or that nature in that country and um because you are using our resources and causing pollution in our area. you need to give some you know
13:00 - 13:30 compensation and that compensation is related to nothing but what we call as a carbon credits. So it is a tradeable permit that allow holder to emit certain amount of greenhouse gases typically one ton of CO2 then carbon sequestration. So you know there are various cycles in the universe one is the oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycles. Out of this the carbon cycle is
13:30 - 14:00 very important because you know the basics of any life is made up of three elements that is called the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and out of that carbon plays very important role. So carbon is recycled in the universe and that's in the nature it is called as a carbon cycle. You might have studied in a geography and uh you know on studies also at the school level and this carbon cycle that is production of the carbon
14:00 - 14:30 in various forms might be the gas might be in the coal or certain other chemicals and uh using that carbon. So that balance has to be maintained and to maintain that balance. So if the carbon is produced in the form of the gases a lot that is carbon dioxide the carbon monoxide. So you need to use it and we know that the great
14:30 - 15:00 consumer of the carbon dioxide is green plants and whatever phytolanton we are having in the ocean they use it and the process of using this carbon either by the phytolantons in the ocean or the trees on the soil is called as a carbon sequestration. There are other you know the ways to use carbon other to uh you know the reduce the carbon diox. So these are the basic concepts.
15:00 - 15:30 Then there are certain in our distinct syllabus that polluttor pace principle. So there are the two fundamental theories we have to understand which are related to these seven concepts. So polluter pays principle is nothing but related to carbon credit because that apple is causing pollution in Vietnam. So because you are damaging our environment you have to pay certain compensation to us that is nothing but
15:30 - 16:00 PPP principle. So an environmental law principle stating that those who pollute should bear the cost of pollution prevention and remediation uh in sensitivizing reduction in the emissions and I was telling you about the cough. So that conference of the parties almost 35 conference have been taken place every year they meet at one uh distant place and they discuss how this
16:00 - 16:30 been. So there was one parto accord we have seen then there was a paris accord there have been lot of you know the conventions and the packs and the accords which are regulating this uh carbon trading and uh that is based on the principle called as a litter phase principle. Then there is a cap and trade system. It's nothing but uh see there are the so many mobile manufacturing companies. So the leading
16:30 - 17:00 are you know this what we call as a that waving so of China. So more than Apple they manufacture the computer and the mobile phones and the computers. Then we are having the Samsung they are coming with a lot of electronic equipments and they cause more harm to the environment. So those companies or those nations have to uh
17:00 - 17:30 you know play very important role in trading of these cost of the pollution and that can be used by that can be regulated by this principle of called as a cap and trade system. Then here this is a chart related to the concept comparison of these three CDM carbon credit carbon they're interrelated to each other. So we'll
17:30 - 18:00 discuss the first point related to the CDM. So CDM is a the idea of the CDM was first decided in the K2 protocol. So what is that C2 protocol? security is city in Japan. So when that United Nations uh framework on environment UNFCC climate change met over there so they decided by 2000 the
18:00 - 18:30 carbon dioxide emission in the world should be minimized to how that should be minimized and how much one should you know reduce that was decided by one particular you know agreement uh in that Kyoto city and that is called as a Kyoto protocol and based on that that emission control has been implemented all over the world and that time this concept
18:30 - 19:00 called as the CDM was accepted. Then primary goal of the CDM is nothing but reduce greenhouse gas emissions while promoting sustainable development in host countries. So the projects uh that certified emission reduction CR and which can be traded in the format carbon uh credit in international carbon
19:00 - 19:30 market as per that principle of cap and trade uh system and uh so those uh you know companies will be you know pro you know given some uh idea as or the some motivation to reduce the carbon dioxide or certain global warming gases emission. So the this CDM aims to balance economic growth in development developing nations with
19:30 - 20:00 environmental sustainability fostering a collaborative approach to climate change mitigation. So always there is a you know what you can call as a dilemma uh in the policy makers at the national international level also. So whether we should give more importance to the development or more importance to the uh environmental balance. So uh these two things if you're going to achieve the
20:00 - 20:30 development for example the economic or the industrialization then there is going to be rate of the loss of the natural resources. So how to achieve this development with minimizing the uh threat to the nature or the loss of the nature is nothing but CDM and that is lead to the session. So these objectives of um CDM is nothing but prevention of climate change by reducing
20:30 - 21:00 greenhouse gases. There are various parts along with crypto protocol and support developing countries in creating sustainable development strategies that are economically viable like that. So these industrial industrialized countries as well as the companies they are playing very important role as far as achieving the objectives of the CDM and for that uh the concept of footprint
21:00 - 21:30 carbon credit carbon sequestration is very important. Then here though for the CDM the main platform is that of the cyto protocol after that there is the palace accord other in the future there are many more accords which will be promoting various nations to reduce carbon dioxide emission because why carbon dioxide uh because uh it is the main gas which is
21:30 - 22:00 emitted by industry any type of the industry in the environment and causing global warming. Then there's two environmentalists, William Ree and Matis Wakin. So these are the Canadian Canadian ecologist and they have come out with the concept called ecologic footprint. So presently I'm in Vancouver and it is one of the you know city in
22:00 - 22:30 the world where the oxygen level is the highest. So if you see that particular air quality index in our cities like Mumbai, Pune even in Delhi. So it is usually more than 300. So it is not when it we call that AQI more than 300s. So the oxygen percentage in the air has to be 21 but it is usually less than say around about 20 181 19. the carbon
22:30 - 23:00 dioxide which should be not more than 0003% uh in uh certain times and uh seasons the carbon dioxide percentage especially in Delhi or even in Mumbai or in a Pune is really more than zero 3%. And so this um ecologic footprint idea was introduced by the William and
23:00 - 23:30 Matthews back in regal in Vancouver only and that is why uh this city has a highest or the cleanest air is hardly not in the double digit is not even 10%. It is less than 10%. So from that you can get the idea the quality of the life what the citizens of the Vancouver and most of the candid cities and in the countries like especially the
23:30 - 24:00 tropical countries like China, India even our all the s countries, African countries the eco is very high and then we are so when the air quality is you know bad so Not only the human being but the other you know that flora and fauna in that country is endangered and that is why this concept of ecologic footprint is very important. So what is
24:00 - 24:30 this ecological footprint? So it is again nothing but uh uh see we were talking about uh that carbon dioxide cycle or the carbon cycle. So what are the inputs and output? So that balance sheet for how much carbon dioxide is emitted and how much carbon dioxide is used. If that balance is achieved so then that particular thing is called as
24:30 - 25:00 a basis of ecological footprint. So we'll discuss that later also. And then um why they these two Canadians ecologist uh emphasized this uh ecological footprint because it maintains what you call this not only the sustainability but it reduces the ecological threat by various you know human activities and there are again those two seinal
25:00 - 25:30 studies one is called the bipolidium bio program. So that is in at present in Telangana and it's a project in India that improve the local quality of life by providing clean cooking fuel to rural households empowering women and reducing reliance on traditional fuels. So especially we know those biogas plants so community biogas plants or see those laddus made at aupati temple. So the
25:30 - 26:00 electricity is supplied by the goas plants. Same thing is happening in 3D and so street lighting with those solar panels is also important in many rural area. So we are having those hand pumps which are working on the solar energy. So these are the certain you can say uh you know experiments done
26:00 - 26:30 to reduce carbon dioxide emission by using what we call the sustainable methods of the energy production then for that also related to the carbon trading or tradeoffs. So we are having that uh we seeing that PPP principle. So it is based on that ISO 14,01. Then inflation reduction act has been passed by United States based on this uh
26:30 - 27:00 emission. So here we have to remember so this three sentences the definition of the CDM then how much one carbon grade is equal to. So it is equal to the or one carbon grid is equivalent to emission of 1 ton carbon dioxide and for that the international standard used for the carbon trading is ISO 14,01 and this political P principle is
27:00 - 27:30 very important to reduce the carbon dioxide or certain other emission of the gases. So this is one thing. So basically that development uh is usually measured in the terms of or development is nothing but per capita income should be increased or there should be the increase in GDP. So that should not be the development. So development or the locust or this what do you call the
27:30 - 28:00 ecological definition of development is uh you know was introduced by this our neighboring country Bhutan. So they always call it the gross happiness index GHI and they never talk about the you know as you start increasing your GDP or increasing your per capita income means you are exploiting your resources not only your but you are because now this is the era of outsourcing. So you not
28:00 - 28:30 only your research are exploiting but you are exploiting the resources of the other countries also for your own economic gains. And so these economic tools or that economic progress is always at the cost of what we call as a natural imbalance, natural resources exploitation, social disparity and then lot of other things. So and this uh figure tells you about
28:30 - 29:00 the correct definition of how this carbon credit carbon sequestration then carbon footprint are related to CDM concept. So again uh that PPP principle so industized industized countries those G8 countries they are causing lot of greenhouse gases emission and the developing countries are at the receiving end and this industries they developed economically faster
29:00 - 29:30 uh you know the post second world war are during the 19th century. So the English legend started in 18th and the 19th century in the Europe and they were you know the first to they got the first opportunity uh to economically develop and then they were uh you know had the opportunity to exploit the resources of the other countries. So we know that British
29:30 - 30:00 Empire was ruling almost onethird of the world and then India was one of uh important player of the British Empire and our all those resources were exploited by Britishers for their own economic development. Um so here the concept of the carbon credits so it is related to because you are causing greenhouse gas emissions you have to pay us and then if you had a
30:00 - 30:30 what you call the eco-friendly technology or eco-friendly practices and for that capacity building is done and for that you get a support of the community and for that you need some expenses and those expenses have has to be done by the responsibilities with the G8 countries or the industry the MNC's and so that is the principle of a polluter pace principle is
30:30 - 31:00 important and that shing reality is like that second thing is we'll discuss the cyto protocol so in that cyto protocol so this countries has been basically classified industrialized and non-industrialized and for that there is anure in that particular document and the annex countries are the developed countries especially the G8 and other few countries from the G20 group and the remaining are non-anex countries and here this diagram tells us about how the
31:00 - 31:30 CDM who are the stakeholders so the major stakeholders in the CDM and NX1 countries especially they're not more than 10 to 12 countries and nonXL countries are almost 190 And then at one end carbon sync projects and other end uh this global uh warming gases reduction emission reduction and
31:30 - 32:00 so if this the carbon sync project lead to the carbon sequestration. So as far as CDM projects in our country in 10 years back in 2015. So we invested lot more in energy production that by the wind energy then biomass energy then we reduced our you know uh emphasis on the hydroelectric power plants because it causes lot of
32:00 - 32:30 you know damage to the environment also then solar energy also and the energy efficiency all that and then by 2025 we are one of the leading country in the world who are producing more energy by non-conventional ways. by solar energy, wind energy, bio gas and other matters
32:30 - 33:00 and our this per capita carbon emission not even 10% of what US is doing or not even 5% what China is doing and so that is why uh so as far as the CDM is concerned so operation details in our country. So the first the clean development project has to be identified. The government gives approval to that then that development
33:00 - 33:30 of the project development is implemented and the verification certification is done. So this is a method uh various industrial companies are using to suppose Apple want to start a their manufacturing unit in Bangalore or suppose Toyota want to start their uh that Fortuna or that hybrid car production manufacturing in Pune area.
33:30 - 34:00 So they have to stick to that CDM measures and here that operation details are like this. Then case studies with related to we have seen that Balipali uh biogas plant or even basupati temple or that Siri temples then we are having certain uh community goat plants in various tribal areas especially in Madhya and Chhattisgarh.
34:00 - 34:30 So those are considered as the CDM project. Then nowadays we are coming out with those green buildings. So in you know instead of having vertical buildings suppose you start getting those horizontal buildings equipped with rain water harvesting then having their own uh electricity generation by the root of solar technology. So that particular thing is also considered as a CDM and for that matter changing our
34:30 - 35:00 lifestyle also. So when and then only we should use the electricity. So instead of when we go to the market instead of taking the vehicle you can go on the bicycle or you can go on the walking. So that way that fuel consumption will be reduced and then that is also considered. So this lifestyle modifications and basically improving this what we call as a public
35:00 - 35:30 transport it's very important in the city of the vancure even that affluent or the allied class they don't like to buy the vehicles because the system of this what we call as a public transport is so efficient and so nicely implemented you don't need your private vehicles uh think in our cities. So we are having lot of multi mode transport projects
35:30 - 36:00 metals are there then we are having those uh you know what you can call as a various modes of the transport the coastal road in Mumbai has been built or atal city has been built to minimize the fuel cost or that have that uh you know reduced uh you know uh burden of the transport transportation on the public. So, but in our country instead
36:00 - 36:30 of uh improving the public transport automobile industries promote uh promoted to make more you know the cars and then uh public it is considered the status symbol also. So that type of a you know social etiquette or the social you know aspirations need to be you know not you say that uh tame but
36:30 - 37:00 the awareness has to be created. So if and when it is necessary then and then only we should have our own uh what do you call as uh comfort zone of using uh the cars and other luxury transport facilities. Then we discussed with the CDM there are a lot of other things also but for our you know syllabus or for our standing this much is sufficient
37:00 - 37:30 understanding this much is sufficient. Then carbon footprints. So what is that carbon footprint definition? Total amount of greenhouse gas emission caused directly or indirectly by an individual organization event or product or that whatever uh expressed as a carbon dioxide equivalence and we seen that key one uh carbon credit is equal to one ton uh quantity or one ton
37:30 - 38:00 uh weight. 110 that is the rate of the carbon emitted. Then greenhouse gases. So there are the especially more than six but usually agreed upon six gases which can cause the uh global warming. Carbon dioxide is called as a uh this greenhouse gas because it absorb the this thing heat and so then uh it increase the temperature of
38:00 - 38:30 the air or that in that area then methane. So especially that methane is released whenever there is a process of the fermentation. So especially agricultural waste uh when it is fermented or when there is a decay of that so you get a methane when that garbage or solid waste is not managed properly in the
38:30 - 39:00 urban areas so methane is produced then even uh in our country it's our country has been leading in the population of the catalyst along with the we leader in human population as well the cattle population. So total cattle population our countries are more than 65 crores and uh this cattle they also emit when they're ruminating what we call as a
39:00 - 39:30 methane. So this is also one of the you know reason why the methane is emitted and it is considered that methane is more you know indicity of uh this global warming of a methane is more than that of a carbon dioxide. Then there's nitrous oxide, then sulfur dioxide, then there are the chlorofluorocarbons and in certain cases
39:30 - 40:00 ozone is also considered as a global warming gas and the direct emissions and then indirect emissions. So life cycle assessment of the carbon, oxygen even the water cycle is also important. So we need to know this concept with respect to carbon footprint. So what is exactly the carbon interest in the definition? So quantify the total greenhouse gas emission cost directly
40:00 - 40:30 undirected and uh here you can get the idea. So carbon footprint producer to consumer so it's related to the CO2. So milk processing, livestock and the poultry industry, fruit processing, vegetable processing, cereal processing, transportation. So all these are related to the prim primary sector economic activities related to the agriculture and all sector and then mitigation
40:30 - 41:00 measures. So this whole thing is responsible for production of CO2. So when this CO2 is emitted in the air so who uses it? So the first is by plants and the phytolantons. So plants need photosynthesis. so that they can produce their own food. So here the green technology can mitigate the so if you're using the green technology emission will be less than plant-based
41:00 - 41:30 meat. So instead of see it is said that uh to you know suppose 1 kilo chicken meat is eaten so it costs almost run about 20,000 lit. So one chicken what is the chicken feed and other things and for its life it takes almost 20,000 lit of the water then carbon footprint
41:30 - 42:00 labeling then inline processing technology. So these are the certain mitigation measures. Then so we already see that the concept of this uh ecological footprint was put forward by William Ree and the Matthew Waken. So in the 1990s so one was a Canadian another was auh this from the Switzerland and they
42:00 - 42:30 could develop the concept of ecological footprint and um so there are the types of the ecological footprint individual organizational product carbon footprint event carbon footprint the components of the footprint are shown here and suppose uh that you that are unit 100. So most of that is uh nothing but industry. So carbon footprint
42:30 - 43:00 uh almost 20% that carbon emission is due to industrialization. Then 18% by the energy sector that electricity other that is fuel used by the vehicles it's almost 10%. Road transportation 10%. So land use and the land use change and then forestry 9% agriculture almost 50%. Building construction then fuel
43:00 - 43:30 production the transmission. So this will give the idea in ascending of the disting order how this footprint components of the footprints are there carbon footprints are there. So these are another diagram. So types of the carbon footprints we seen that individual organizational product and the event. So historical contest. So again that is by
43:30 - 44:00 these two environmentalist and global carbon footprint statistics. So it was almost 21 metric tons of car equivalent in 2004. uh that was in United States and just now I told you so our country is only 110 of this means so suppose one person in US is emitting almost 21 metric tons of carbon dioxide in a year in India it
44:00 - 44:30 is hardly two tons and so that is why US has to pay a lot with respect to carbon credit and uh we as far as will be getting that uh whatever they are paying so India will be receiving as a eight not only others also uh that France per capita carbon footprint is six it's almost onethird of us Brazil Tanzania it
44:30 - 45:00 is less than our country so 1.8 8 or 0.1 and so that is why there's idea of carbon credit and then carbon sequestration also and they are important for sustainability all these concern. So those who are responsible for the pollution they have to pay for carbon
45:00 - 45:30 sequestration or reducing the emission. So that is uh basic idea. So again here there are the certain fundamental theories how this carbon footprint is calculated. Then what are the various tools for the calculation of the carbon footprint need to be studied and need to be understood. Then what is the difference between this organizational or the
45:30 - 46:00 product carbon footprint is also important. Then there are various strategies for carbon footprint reduction. So this again based on that Kyoto protocol Paris accord also. Then there is a concept called carbon offset. So investment in carbon reducing activities or technology is called as a composite for emission and that is called the carbon offset. So we have seen that bagel bag plant. So there
46:00 - 46:30 you don't need to burn coal or wood for cooking the food. Instead that you can use the go here. So that is considered as a carbon offset. So that is how the eco-friendly things. So the concept this again what is the difference between this carbon footprint and ecologic footprint has been mentioned in this particular chart.
46:30 - 47:00 Then the there are these two theories about carbon footprint and the ecological footprint. So you should understand that also. Then there is a carbon credit. So difference between carbon credit and carbon footprint. So carbon footprint is mostly related to what you can call as a how much you are responsible for the emission and the carbon credit because
47:00 - 47:30 you are more responsible for the emission so you compensate for that. So that is the main difference between footprint and the credit and then there are the types of the carbon grade like footprint and then there's a market dynamics. So here you can get the idea with this figure. So carbon offset credits then carbon sequestration and then greenhouse emission with related to the carbon
47:30 - 48:00 credit. So the difference between these two credits and the offsets. So carbon offsets are available to individual small business and the large corporation. Credits can only be traded by companies and the government. Support projects that remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and here represent the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxides because
48:00 - 48:30 you're compensating it. Trade in the voluntary market offsets and then that cap and trade system has to be followed for the carbon trade. So this is how this international carbon credit is traded and how it helps environmental uh you know balancing activities. Then see this um uh certain information related to cap
48:30 - 49:00 and trade system. So US passed that clean air act of 1990 and for the first time they recognized this cap and trade program and then later it was introduced all over the world. Then based on that only at present uh the cyto protocol and the paris accords both deal with the carbon trading. So then I was telling you about the COP
49:00 - 49:30 20 that cough conference of the parties. So that uh this uh in 2021 COP 26 took place at Glasgow in England and uh almost 200 countries agreed to implement the article 6 of the Paris agreement and that time again Donald Trump was a US president that time he derailed this
49:30 - 50:00 agreement and this agreement couldn't come into existence because US denied to sign it or take the responsibility of uh this carbon footprint. So here the as far as the emission is concerned KTO protocol of 97 Paris agreement of 2015 and lately it is a glass code then there are very challenges also
50:00 - 50:30 the main challenge is that not following those protocols this Kyoto either or the Paris or the Glasgow it is not agreed upon everybody especially those uh G8 countries led by America, they're bullying the non-developed countries and then trying to you know again cause more and more you know threat to environmental equilibrium.
50:30 - 51:00 So carbon sequestration again I told you know carbon dioxide which is emitted in the air is used by plants for photosynthesis then phytolanton in the ocean. So they are called as a carbon sinks in the soil also it is used. So all that particular thing is called as the the whatever the free carbon dioxide is present in the air or the carbon it
51:00 - 51:30 is used by the various stickers to make it as a non harmful. So carbon is harmful and then other products of the carbon. So I told you the life is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. So that is again part of the sequestration. This is about the atmospheric carbon dioxide how it is used, how it is released. So basically
51:30 - 52:00 more and more area under the forest. Indian forest policy says that if the area of that country or that particular region more than 33% is under the forest cover so then that carbon cycle is in equilibrium. So that uh global warming won't take place and so that is why the concept of coming out with the increasing the
52:00 - 52:30 forest cover and uh that sanctuary national parks is again one of the method of carbon sequestration. So this is another diagram which tells you about the kind sequestration and then again this page for this uh you know carbon sequation is also important. The one of
52:30 - 53:00 the forest uh you know program cord may have a key forest or the urban forest it is introduced by the certain companies to promote green cover so that CO2 will be sequestrated in or that carbon sink will be more effective then uh what else so beside carbonation green building is again one of the method
53:00 - 53:30 which can so the concept of the brain building is related to minimalistic approach. So what is that minimalistic approach? Because we having the uh what do you call plenty of the resources we should not exploit it we should not use it and so that is what uh this Canadian re ecologist promoted. So because your resources are there you're lucky enough
53:30 - 54:00 to have this type of the resource it doesn't mean that you should exploit and use them. So the consumerism if it is reduced and then lifestyle changes are done. So whatever the risk or the threat to the environment can be mitigated properly and uh because of industrialization urbanization if that factory is based on the green building philosophy or the
54:00 - 54:30 principle automatically emission of the global warming or the causing threat to the environment can be minimized. So as I told you so the optimalistic approach whatever is essential and sufficient to satisfy the needs and not the grid of that particular area is considered as a green building approach. So green building is not necessarily to the buildings only. So it is again the
54:30 - 55:00 way of dealing with the whatever the things are available to you. [Music] So the key strategies related to the green building one is a sustainable site planning then energy efficiency then um what we can call as a water conservation sustainable materials and then recycling of whatever is available with us has to be for that
55:00 - 55:30 matter disposing the plastic waste is also considered as a green building strategy. And if you don't need more food to eat, so because the there's a lot of waste of the food during uh marriage parties and other things. So that is not the green building strategy. So how much you can digest and how much is needed to you that much only you should eat. So same thing with uh using the transportation
55:30 - 56:00 and other things because I had a money so that doesn't mean I should have the two to three phones with me or having the four to five vehicles with me. So one vehicle is more than enough or one mobile phone or one computer is more than enough. So that reduction in the consumer is also important. Then energy efficiency can be achieved by these four methods. One is called as a passive solar design. The
56:00 - 56:30 energy efficient windows and the doors, renewable energy integration and energy efficient appliances especially this has to not practice only in the residential buildings but the community buildings as well as the industrial buildings or the offices. So this uh figure tells you or the shows you the ideal green building where various resources are managed
56:30 - 57:00 efficiently. So in the green building I told you that rainwater you know harvesting or the storm water drainage done effectively is again the principle of a green building. So waste reduction the recycling then water conservation by this uh not only rain or water harvesting but the gray water recycling efficient plumbing pictures we should landscape designing
57:00 - 57:30 should be done the sustainable materials should be used. So low cost housing technology is also considered as a one of the way of achieving the principles. So here this smart buildings which can promote the or build on the green uh building technology. So you can go further using sensors that sensor technology automation nowadays AI is again used
57:30 - 58:00 everywhere. So it can improve the water efficiency, energy efficiency and uh can promote the minimalistic approach. So there are various types of the green buildings. One is called a net zero green building, net zero energy, then net zero carbon, then zero carbon and zero carbon plus green interactivity and it is excellent very nicely in this particular
58:00 - 58:30 chart. So approaches to the green computing and the nanotechnology is again one of the very important topic. So I told you nowadays the energy efficient hardware and the renewable energy source even the software optimization can be considered as a green competing technology and uh nanotechnology where the water purification air purification biompatible materials. So by use of
58:30 - 59:00 nanotechnology this type of a you know facilities can be generated. So again this is ISO 14,000 principle is important for the regulation of those carbon credits. So there are the various case studies green building examples green computing initiatives. uh see this Antila in Mumbai owned by the is considered one of the uh very
59:00 - 59:30 good model of the green buildings because even though their electricity bill is in the lakhs per month but uh considering that the consumption and other things so it is also considered one of the example of the green building. So green computing these are the five you know principles related to that. So the first is efficient use of our resources in computing hardware as well as
59:30 - 60:00 software the communication technology uh so designing manufacturing and it's used disposed should be done in eco-friendly manner then it is green computing the objectives I told you the minimalistic approach minimal energy so so then um use of the green energy then minimizing equipment disposal
60:00 - 60:30 requirements a lot of this these are the five important objectives and then uh these are the green computer is based on these four aspects green use green disposal green manufacturing green design and uh this gives the good material about that so here this uh Solid state devices are considered important aspect of green
60:30 - 61:00 computing. Instead of going for the traditional hardware drives or the hardware, you can go for the SSD virtualization power management is also important. So you can lot of cost of travel. So even that uh work from home WFH is also considered one of the important uh you know example of a green competing. So again here are almost
61:00 - 61:30 seven important you know aspects related to the green computing. uh energy efficient hardware, virtualization that is work from home, then power management, invest in renewable energy, e-waste recycling, sustainable software development and optimization of the data centers. So why we should go for the green competent technology? because it promotes climate uh uh whatever the
61:30 - 62:00 adversaries on the nature has been due to climate change can be mitigated. It saves energy. It's a reliability of the power and then consumption will be as I said optimal. So the important aspect of use of the ICT in agriculture, human health and
62:00 - 62:30 environment. So so whatever this ICT that GIS technology is not used on a large scale for monitoring various health issues at individual as well as the community level. the waste management system that promotes ecological balance. Nowadays, IC it is used more in that water and sanitation optimization and then uh that GIS
62:30 - 63:00 technology gives us even management of disaster management or the natural calamity management the after effects can be mitigated by using this technology. Then in health areas especially the tele medicine e- health or disease mapping are having that healthcare database doing research. So can be you know
63:00 - 63:30 promoted by use of ICT. So these are certain uh charts and the figures which will give you the correct idea about and how this ICT can be used for the ecological balance as well optimization of the ICT technology to promote the efficient uh you know utilization of the health facilities.
63:30 - 64:00 And these are the certain case studies in CDM that Bagel Pali uh CDM bio project or that pirupati or even the CD. So these are the very good examples. Then even at present uh you know uh somewhere in uh the central suburb of Mumbai near Vikrrui they have started that uh SWM
64:00 - 64:30 solid waste management project uh and that is again uh eco-friendly technology they're using it. So this is all in today's discussion. So in the next we'll have that unit six and other in the next lecture and one more we'll be having on how this fitness is important for the youth to manage their sustainable uh you know
64:30 - 65:00 lifestyle. So thank you very much and see you in the next lecture. Thank you. If you have any questions or the query, you can mail it to professor Pongo today and I'll definitely like to satisfy your queries or answer them in the next lecture. Thank you.