Fostering Scientific Temperement

Summary

Highlights

• Dr. Swarup emphasized questioning everything to develop scientific temperament. 🤔
• Examples given included how the brain processes like a computer algorithm. 💻
• The discussion involved philosophical insights on the existence of the universe. 🌌
• Interactive Q&A highlighted students' curiosity about science. 🧠
• Dr. Swarup encouraged learning through playful and practical experiments. 🎮

Key Takeaways

• Develop a scientific temperament by questioning everything and being curious! 🧐
• Scientific thinking helps make informed decisions. 🤓
• It's crucial to verify information before accepting it. 🧐
• Science is a way of life; apply it in daily decisions. 🌍
• Failures are stepping stones for success in scientific exploration! 🚀

Overview

Chapters

• 00:00 - 03:00: Session Introduction and Welcome The chapter begins with technical difficulties as a participant's voice is not clear, but eventually, communication is established when they confirm that they can hear each other.
• 03:00 - 11:00: Participants Joining and Housekeeping Announcements The chapter discusses the preparations for a session, including the addition of participants and preliminary checks. Dr. Swarup and another participant are coordinating the start of the session. A powerpoint presentation is being prepared, and there is a test turn planned to ensure that Dr. Swarup can share his screen. After these preparations, all participants will be added to the session.
• 11:00 - 16:15: Session Commencement and Opening Remarks The chapter titled 'Session Commencement and Opening Remarks' seems to be a transcript or log of an event where the session is either beginning or about to begin. The opening remark suggests attention to sharing permissions, indicating there may be a technical or presentation aspect to the event.
• 16:15 - 25:00: Introduction to Fostering Scientific Temperament In the chapter titled 'Introduction to Fostering Scientific Temperament,' the initial segment involves a participant preparing to present using a PowerPoint presentation. The presenter mentions sharing the presentation and preparing to add participants to the presentation session.
• 25:00 - 29:30: The Role of Science in Everyday Life The chapter begins with an informal morning greeting between family members. It sets a casual and relatable tone, indicative of everyday life. While science is not explicitly mentioned in the initial lines, the chapter aims to explore how scientific principles permeate daily routines, possibly by illustrating common interactions and activities that are influenced by science.
• 29:30 - 36:00: Importance of Scientific Temperament The chapter begins with a recording or program session where participants are requested to mute themselves unless instructed otherwise by the hosts. The host speaks Swahili and ensures that everyone is ready for the session which will begin shortly, emphasizing the importance of maintaining order during the meeting.
• 36:00 - 46:00: Examples of Scientific Temperament The chapter begins with a conversation between the host and Dr. Swarup, indicating that the host can see Dr. Swarup's presentation. The host expresses readiness to start as soon as the participants are present in the room. Dr. Swarup is advised to stop sharing the screen as there is another repeated session planned, indicating a structured and possibly recurring format of the presentation or discussion.
• 46:00 - 54:00: The Indian Constitution and Scientific Temperament This chapter begins with a transition in the presentation, setting the stage for a session about the Indian Constitution and its connection to scientific temperament. The initial dialogue suggests a setting where the current speaker is concluding their presentation, and another participant is expected to start the next session. This indicates a structured meeting or class environment, focusing on the Indian Constitution's role in promoting scientific thinking and reasoning. While the given transcript is limited, it suggests an academic or formal setting discussing these concepts.
• 54:00 - 77:00: Developing Scientific Temperament The chapter titled 'Developing Scientific Temperament' begins with a brief interaction where someone, possibly a facilitator or teacher, confirms with a 'ma'am' if everyone has been admitted from the waiting room. This sets the stage for a discussion or presentation, likely concerning the main theme of the chapter, which is about fostering a scientific mindset. The chapter could potentially explore ways to encourage inquiry, skepticism, and analytical thinking, although specific details of the content are not provided in the transcript. It aims to highlight the importance of embracing scientific reasoning as a part of personal growth and education.
• 77:00 - 84:00: Different Branches of Science The chapter "Different Branches of Science" begins with a greeting from Siobhan, the host of the Vikram Sarabhai Science Foundation's (VSSF) virtual classroom sessions aimed at promoting science. Siobhan extends congratulations to school principals, science teachers, and students who qualified for the national preliminary exam known as SPOT for the academic year 2021-2022. Further details of the session and various branches of science are likely discussed in the full chapter.
• 84:00 - 103:00: Session Conclusion and Upcoming Sessions This chapter concludes the session by congratulating the participants for their hard work and success, recognizing them as one of the top thousand science talents in the country. It encourages self-congratulation and acknowledges the support from parents, teachers, and mentors in fostering their interests.
• 103:00 - 105:00: Q&A and Closing Remarks This chapter covers a heartfelt apology from the speaker, on behalf of VSSF, about a technical glitch that occurred in a previous session, which limited participation to 100 students in a virtual meeting. The speaker assures that the glitch has been resolved and offers sincere apologies for the inconvenience caused.

Fostering Scientific Temperement Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 mommy your voice was baking i'm not sure if you were trying to say something freaky it's not quite all about i'm not sure if the others can hear you so we can't hear you mom can you hear me now yes
• 00:30 - 01:00 good morning doctor yeah good morning ma'am i think we can add the participants we uh you can we can start off the session right away right yeah yeah sure you let me know once the participants are added i'll start it and uh let me pull out my powerpoint presentation give me a moment yes ma'am i think we'll do a test turn to see if dr swarup can share his screen and then we'll add all the participants
• 01:00 - 01:30 i think if so want to share we have to stop the current sharing
• 01:30 - 02:00 i think i'm ready with my ppt i'll just share it straight away it's opening up can i just add the participants
• 02:00 - 02:30 yeah yeah sure oh good morning mom good morning
• 02:30 - 03:00 good morning good morning everyone i have muted you muted everyone and mutants yes thank you swahili good morning everybody thank you so much for joining us we will be starting our program in two minutes from now please ensure that you keep yourselves on mute throughout the session unless one of the hosts
• 03:00 - 03:30 unmutes you all right thank you so much yes dr swarup i can see your presentation thank you so much so let me know when the participants are there in the room and then i'll start right away sure doctor i think you can stop sharing now because we have another repeat yes we'll begin with
• 03:30 - 04:00 our ppt and then we'll continue with yours thank you all right should i stop sharing yes one i think you can start the session
• 04:00 - 04:30 all right yes ma'am has everything buddy been admitted from the waiting room yes
• 04:30 - 05:00 good morning to our spot preliminary qualifiers my name is siobhan your host for the vikram sarabhai science foundation science promotion oriented virtual classroom sessions on behalf of vssf and spot let me extend our warmest congratulations to the schools principals science teachers and all you students for having qualified the national sport preliminary exam for 2021 2022 the extra time
• 05:00 - 05:30 effort and hard work that you put in has definitely paid off and you can be delighted of the fact that you are one among the top thousand science talents shortlisted from across the country so if you'd like to give yourself a huge round of applause please do that you can pat yourselves on your back as well um not just you but for your parents and teachers and all your mentors who have supported you and encouraged you to pursue your interest in the field
• 05:30 - 06:00 before we move on i'd like to extend a heartfelt apologies on behalf of vssf because of a technical glitch in our session yesterday we were unable to attend um to sort of allow more than 100 students to enter the virtual meet however that glitch has been rectified um and we sincerely apologize for the inconvenience cause um i would also like to appreciate
• 06:00 - 06:30 the parents for bearing with us and being so patient because i know it is difficult uh we all have other classes to attend and it is difficult to reschedule but thank you so much for bearing with us and for cooperating and for turning up today um that's the most exciting part so hasani can you please switch the slide yes now before we proceed um i'd like all of us to keep a few housekeeping
• 06:30 - 07:00 rules the first being this session would last for one hour one and a half hours maximum right um the second point is that all mobile phones are to be switched off or on silent right and let's ensure that we keep our microphones on mute as well unless one of the hosts on youtube to ask a question or to answer a question the third point
• 07:00 - 07:30 would be that i request all our students to be active participants in the session to listen um you know and sort of come up with your own reflections to draw insights because our topic for today is to foster a scientific temperament right questions from this session could be part of the spot final exam except for the spot basic students so ensure that your listening skills are on point and this is a cynthia request please
• 07:30 - 08:00 don't doodle on the screen or in your chat um because otherwise unfortunately we will have to restrict your participation unless the speakers or the resource people ask you to sort of doodle or show a demonstration then you can but otherwise we'd ask you to restrict yourselves from doing so i hope all the rules are clear and i'm and i'm sure that we will all follow them to the best of our ability before we move into the much awaited part of our session i'd like to
• 08:00 - 08:30 introduce you to our executive director of the vikram sarabhai science foundation initiatives mr suchitra said jint ma'am please would you like to share a few words before we move on to introducing dr swaru yes thank you very much and uh one good morning to all these bright participants of spot basic today so as already mentioned um you know you you are the most privileged in terms of
• 08:30 - 09:00 your aptitude in science it is because you love science that you are here today so that makes it very special and very very um welcoming for all of us so as already shared to you in the preliminary note in the preliminary address about the housekeeping rules i would just like to add on on the emphasize on the third part be active listeners be participatory in the session so let me tell you children um you know this
• 09:00 - 09:30 session is exclusively for basic category of learners in the past whenever we used to have sessions we used to have club session but you know then we thought if we want to make the best learning happen it has to be within small groups and that is why you know basic category learners are clubbed together now just giving you a brief about what exactly bssf is for the ssf is to foster science it's to create a liking towards science
• 09:30 - 10:00 which has been started by our very beloved uh you know uh dr apj abdul kalam you all have heard about dr apj abdul kalam right shreyas and gurima you all have heard about dr kalam yeah so he started this in the year 2012 and from then on we have been in a mission to identify students like you who like science who learn science who want to do something through science
• 10:00 - 10:30 so that is the objective of the ssf and we have been mentoring students and believe me we have been seeing such tremendous positive learners who are pursuing science so seriously so this is not for passive science learners this is for active science learners who want to do something in science so that is why you have written the spot examination and you have qualified in the preliminary examination now you have the bigger task you will be facing another
• 10:30 - 11:00 examination which is the spot final examination and this is just to give you some idea of various aspects of science that is why this mentoring sessions are being scheduled and there would be five mentoring sessions which would be taken in five branches by people of imminence at your level so that you know you can understand and you can think about it you know hearing is not what is required sharing and you know reflecting is the most important thing in science so science is not something which is there
• 11:00 - 11:30 in your books science is everywhere science is behind where duty is sitting through the window if you look out duty you will see signs aaron you will see signs around you you can see science in the kitchen so basically science is everywhere that is a realization but we want all of you and today uh today and the subsequent few days you know you would be you'd have got the schedule subsequent few days you will be having continuous session and i'm sure
• 11:30 - 12:00 your perception of science your liking of science would definitely grow multi-fold in the days to come so our endeavor dear kids is to create a liking because you may be 9 10 8 9 10 11 years of age there's a long way to go if you start loving science if you're passionate about science believe me after 10 years by the time you graduate you can do something prospective through science anything something prospective through
• 12:00 - 12:30 science that is the objective of bssf to create learners to can do something through science you can make changes through science you can make innovations through science you can help humanity through science you can you can help you know agriculture through science so i do not know or we do not know what's your interest but if more options so that we'll start thinking in that level and that is the main objective of vssf yes ara wants to
• 12:30 - 13:00 show something you please we can't read it though so basically we want you to be participating wholeheartedly in all the sessions interact with the resource persons and that is the objective of you know this kind of get-together or a con or a session like this where you know we can uh interact with each other so i'm this is what i would like to tell you i would like to wish you all the very best
• 13:00 - 13:30 in your starting journey to science you just started science there's a long way to go in your starting journey to science so all my fellow resource persons would hand hold you would help you would you know uh help you build the understanding of science today uh you know you have a session on how to develop scientific temperament in your very preliminary learning phase that that is the topic i'm sure you will have a very very enjoyable session
• 13:30 - 14:00 um so um all the very best to all of you and uh i hope you will pursue uh you you will pursue a star a journey in science i can't read my i have a test okay uh whatever is there you put it in the chat box the team will revert on that thank you very much and all the very best to all my dear little ones you have 684 in number from across the region so that itself is
• 14:00 - 14:30 the fuel for us to take things forward thank you very much all the very best to all of you i know you have a lot of questions we would be taking around 10 12 questions today whatever questions you have uh we will pick out 12 questions from that and we will allow you to ask out here so you can type your questions with your name with your school and your state and the host or the coordinators would give you
• 14:30 - 15:00 an opportunity to uh to ask the question so thank you very much i hand over the session to show on thank you very much all the very best kids and let me tell you i have a uh we have the first session is with dr swarup datta i'm sure you would enjoy his session and you'll have a new perspective about science by the time you know it's 11 by 12 15 you'll have a different perspective in science so over
• 15:00 - 15:30 to you shawn thank you very much thank you ma'am thank you so much for sharing light on how we can um you know foster the scientific temperament in our day-to-day life um it doesn't matter what age we are we can always start young in fact that brings me to the introduction of our topic today which is um as i mentioned earlier fostering scientific temperament now to all of us at vikram startup by science foundation and all our resource partners we firmly believe that a scientific temperament is a way of life at its core if you think
• 15:30 - 16:00 of it the scientific temperament calls for a keen sense of observation and an inherent curiosity we don't take things that face value just because somebody says so we always try to find out why and how things occur if you think of yourselves as children or anybody for that matter all of us were once you know infants or children um this sense of curiosity and this sense of observation is at our very core it is our instinct a baby an infant if you've
• 16:00 - 16:30 noticed if you sort of snap your fingers the child will turn towards direction of sound why because a child is aware that there is a sound the child is curious from where the sound is coming and the child wants to understand the sound which is why the child sort of turns their ear in that direction if you sort of you know put your finger i don't know if you've seen this but if you put your finger at the palm of a child they will quickly grasp it again because the child is curious of their environment they're
• 16:30 - 17:00 curious of this finger they're curious of whatever objects you put in front of them which is why we feel that it is in our very blueprint right it is a fact it is a way of life and we should sort of be encouraged to nurture this temperament that we have right from uh infancy as we grow older but what most often happens is as we tend to grow older we sort of lose this curiosity that childhood comes along with and we sort of lead ourselves into just accepting what
• 17:00 - 17:30 you know the world says or going by the herd mentality the importance of the scientific temperament is that it teaches us like i said to observe and test our perceptions before agreeing on a rigid attitude or a judgment right so we test we re-test and then if it doesn't serve our reasoning we sort of discard it because change is important and inevitable and the scientific temperament will enable us to change what cannot be verified and also what is
• 17:30 - 18:00 not necessarily the most effective uh in our society today our first prime minister i'm sure all of you know pandey jawaharlal nehru firmly believed in the scientific temperament right and he said that no country if you're looking at scientific temperament from a social perspective he said that no country or people who are slaves to dogma or dogmatic mentality can progress which is why we sort of want to encourage all our children to
• 18:00 - 18:30 you know sort of form a perception about a particular theme or a topic and test and see how it reasons or how it can be verified and if it cannot then we sort of alter our judgments so that leads us to being more open-minded more objective right um i also remember in one of dr swarup tata's earlier sessions i very very uh fondly remember the statement that he said he said it's important to research it's important to test our hypothesis and validate it however what
• 18:30 - 19:00 is most important is to sort of express our failures is to talk about our failures and that will lead us to a positive approach to failure it helps us to persevere and we sort of help all the other scientists in the field to sort of take off from where we left off so it's very important that when you're doing an experiment you might fail a hundred times but you talk about your failure so that all of us can learn from it right um and dr swarupgata is probably the
• 19:00 - 19:30 best first person to lead us into our topic um which is why i would like to welcome dr swarup tata he is um the recipient of the young scientist award in 2017 sorry 2007 a master black belt in lean sigma quality management systems and also a certified green belt uh and global career counselor from ulca and a master practitioner from the global science foundation dr swarup
• 19:30 - 20:00 datta is extremely enthusiastic about working in the field of education nurturing young young talent and also in the at the management level um dr swarup you certainly are a privilege to have with us and i honor you and welcome you to our session today thank you so much ma'am so um should i move ahead
• 20:00 - 20:30 yes sir you can start sharing your screen since we have stopped sharing our screen before i share let me just inform that i have been uh you know cut off a couple of times so just in case i get disconnected because of network issues uh you know i'll definitely join back from an alternate sure so give me a moment before i share my screen yes sir so very good morning to
• 20:30 - 21:00 all the future scientists of our country i can see your enthusiasm reflecting not only on your faces but also in the chat box so i'm pretty sure you all are eager to learn more about science and today's topic is developing a scientific temperament in students now i'll also speak about a few different branches of science after we have completed uh this powerpoint presentation and then we can
• 21:00 - 21:30 also understand what scientific temperament is and what are the different branches of science that we can be in now what exactly is scientific temperament we need to understand that scientific temperament refers to an individual's attitude of logical and rational thinking so as you can understand by the definition itself it's an attitude what type of attitude the way you think
• 21:30 - 22:00 so your thinking can be of different types but when it is based on logic and rationality what is logic again logic is your thought process governed by existing sources of knowledge whatever has been discovered so far whatever has been invented so far whatever are proven laws based on that when you think about something it's called a rational thinking and most importantly
• 22:00 - 22:30 you know a rational way of thinking is when you you know just do not you know say your thought in a very utopian manner you you try to experiment you try to observe and then you try to analyze your observation and share what exactly you think about those observation based on current state of knowledge of the world so an individual is considered to have scientific temperament if she or he employs a scientific method of decision
• 22:30 - 23:00 making now this is another very important ones scientific method of decision making in everyday life now such a man was telling you in the very beginning that you see science all around you everything is science right we are talking with each other through science because we are talking you know using a technology internet laptops mobile phones i am connected to you through science at the same time i am holding a bottle in my hand which is again a result of science
• 23:00 - 23:30 there is light in my room which is again because of science so basically if there is no science we would have still be in the age you know the age of the cavemen but even then that was also science even the cavemen when they were hunting they used the tools for hunting that was a result of rational thinking and implementing that thought to hunt down an animal which was stronger than the human beings
• 23:30 - 24:00 so science is basically all around us that is something that we need to understand now how capable are we to look at science that is the question and everyday life we have to do a lot of things you know you get up in the morning you brush your teeth you take your books out and then you start studying attend online classes throughout the day you are interacting with science all the time and then you take so many decisions in
• 24:00 - 24:30 the in the course of the day right so these decisions are correct ones provided they are governed by scientific method of decision making now we will understand what typically is a scientific method of decision making but as for now understand this thing very clearly that when i am making my decisions i am solving my problems i am interacting with things i am answering questions that is based on existing state of knowledge
• 24:30 - 25:00 that is called a logical and rational thing sir if i may interrupt you in between um we're unable to see your second slide could you we're still seeing the first slide uh are you not able to see the seconds no sir it's still on your uh introductions
• 25:00 - 25:30 students i will request you to kindly mark your attendance on the google form that has been shared with you please ensure that you sign up your attendance for today's session on the google form that has been shared with you all right i think there was a technical
• 25:30 - 26:00 glitch while sharing the slide now uh is my slide moving yes sir thank you so much yes yeah thank you so much so uh we were talking about scientific temperament and what exactly is scientific temperament we have understood this much that a scientific temperament is an attitude based on logical and rational thinking of the existing state of knowledge that we have reached
• 26:00 - 26:30 now scientific temper involves what are the things that scientific temper involves the first one is the method of science provides a practical method of acquiring knowledge now we cannot just acquire knowledge from the books you know so if you just read books and think that that is the ultimate source of knowledge we are mistaken the ultimate source of knowledge is not the book but the real world how the books were written the books were written because something happened in the real world and that was written in form of a story or an
• 26:30 - 27:00 incident narration or an explanation that was deduced and those explanations were written down in the book and shared with you but before that book was written something happened somewhere right so whether it's the electric bulb that edison invented or you know an electric stream engine or the internet was being invented so anything anything in the world whatever has happened that is being noted down in form of a book and you're reading the book so what does it mean that real thing is happening in the real world
• 27:00 - 27:30 so the human problems can be understood and solved in terms of knowledge gained through the application of method of science so and why science is important because we are solving problems do we really have problems all the time yes we do what type of problems we have we want to live a better life than what we are leading today so that quest of leading a better life more comfortable life more convenient life
• 27:30 - 28:00 science plays a very important role and that is the reason you know the different ages starting from the stone age then copper age iron age all these ages has proven that human beings always wanted themselves to be developed they want more and more in terms of you know the convenience of life that is the reason they first learn to hunt down food eat raw meat have raw fruits vegetables then they learn how to cultivate
• 28:00 - 28:30 then they learned how to cook and now we have moved to the point of you know cooking fast food as well so they wanted it to cook and they wanted it fast so people some of you i just saw that you wrote in the book in the chat box that you want to be an entrepreneur so what is an entrepreneur an entrepreneur is a person who you know invents or discovers a new solution to a problem and sells that
• 28:30 - 29:00 so everything if you want to be an entrepreneur you need to be a scientist as well you must have heard about steve jobs he changed the way the mobile phone operates the apple phone is one of the most expensive phones in today's world similarly when we are dealing with computers you know the microsoft software itself it made life so much easier when i was in your you know in school in your age there was no computers i remember when i went to class ninth
• 29:00 - 29:30 and that time computers first came to india you know in terms of not only india it came to schools i would say so we were operating computers using something called floppy disks that you i know how many of you have seen of floppy disk but there was no software no user interface like microsoft we used to put in sort of a plastic device inside the computer and then used to operate it so that was so difficult and the entire computer screen was not colored it was black and white
• 29:30 - 30:00 so this is something you can see in the dos command when you give that type of screen was there now we have developed to certain extent that today i can watch a movie on my computer or you know watch netflix or something like that so that is the progress that science has made next when we talk about scientific temper we also talk about the fullest use of method of science in everyday life and in every aspect of human endeavor from
• 30:00 - 30:30 ethics to politics and economics is essential for ensuring human survival and progress so science is basically not an isolated branch of knowledge science as it was said in the very beginning is everywhere science is there in politics science is there in economics science is there in human survival now we have seen very clearly what the last line means science in human survival
• 30:30 - 31:00 we are going through a pandemic and in that pandemic we all know what is or was the importance of the vaccines being discovered or invented now till the vaccines were there we all were so scared that when the vaccine is going to come when we will get vaccinated and then the death rate will drop down so it took the scientists around 11 months to come up with a vaccine and then after that a few months for the
• 31:00 - 31:30 country and the other world to be vaccinated and today we see that the schools are reopening again and people are you know the death rate has reduced considerably what made it possible apart from science it was all about science right that is allowing us to survive this pandemic next so
• 31:30 - 32:00 you have to also understand that scientific temperament involves that one should accept knowledge gained through the application of the method of science as the closest approximation of truth at that time and the question what is incompatible with such knowledge so what is the meaning of the sentence the sentence meaning is that whenever you accept a knowledge you have to you will ask yourself is this true or is it false so when you say it's true or false based on what you will say that it's not
• 32:00 - 32:30 based on your you know assumption that i feel it is true so it's true you cannot say that that is not the way scientific temperament works so what will help you to decide it's true or false it is the existing knowledge of science and the scientific method so scientific method i will talk about that in detail a little bit later on but how closely it fits with today's science is you can say the logical explanation based on scientific
• 32:30 - 33:00 facts so we all know let's say light travels in a straight line now if someone tells you no light travels in a curve is it true or false you will say no it's false because we know today by different experiments that science has very clearly shown that light travels in straight line and you can pull out experiments you can do an experiment and show it to others also that how light travels in a straight line so how you are reaching that conclusion
• 33:00 - 33:30 based on what you have learned from the research of other scientists other people who shared their knowledge that is how we all learn if one person was to you know come up with all the knowledge he is the only person who will share his knowledge world would not have progressed we stop and see what others have shared we learn from that and then we come up with a new thought process that is what science does so one should from time to time re-examine
• 33:30 - 34:00 the basic foundations of contemporary knowledge now what does it mean that whatever is told to you you will accept that based on logic but if your logic does not permit you you say i think it is wrong it's not right then you can do your own experiments and you can show others why the previous knowledge was incorrect and what you are telling is correct give an example you know for example you must have heard
• 34:00 - 34:30 about uh galileo right so what happened to him you know at that point in time it was said that earth is the center of the universe and the planets and the sun revolves around the earth that was what even the bible believed uh or the church believed i would say but then this scientists comes up with the thought that no earth
• 34:30 - 35:00 is not the center of the solar system or the universe in fact earth is a planet and sun is in the center and the earth revolves around the sun you know what happened to him he was sent to the prison for not accepting the existing knowledge they said you are blasphemous you are not obeying what we are telling you it's existing knowledge we say that sun is not the center earth is the center and the sun revolves around earth galileo when he was being sent to the prison he stamped his feet three times
• 35:00 - 35:30 and said you can send me to the prison you can even kill me but still the earth will revolve around the sun and not the sun around the earth so that is challenging the existing knowledge and today we all know that the earth is a planet that revolves around the sun and the sun does not revolve around earth so at times you will understand that you can challenge existing knowledge to share your own knowledge and that will be accepted as true
• 35:30 - 36:00 indian constitution also talks about scientific temper now what is this article of the indian constitution article 51a of our constitution which deals with fundamental duties makes it a duty of every citizen to develop scientific temper as per the clause h it is the scientific temper that helps in developing secularism humanism and spirit of inquiry and reform now when you think logically
• 36:00 - 36:30 rationally scientifically what happens to you your observation widens you are not restricting your observation to look at things the way you feel it is for example you're walking on a road you see a rope and you think it is a snake you know at the night at times it happens there's a pipe somewhere on the road it's raining and the pipe looks like a snake and you say it's a snake you believe it's a snake but then someone who is
• 36:30 - 37:00 scientific minded will go close and check if it is a snake or something else now when he goes close and observes he is observing with an open mind that it can be a snake or it may not be a snake then he finds out the reality but one who says that no no i have seen that as a snake there cannot be anything else i am not even going and seeing it so what will happen even if it was a pipe that was there rubber pipe he would have still thought it's a snake people trap
• 37:00 - 37:30 no even if they try to tell him that's not a snake it's a pipe so much fixed idea he will have that he will say no no i don't accept what you're telling i saw it's a snake so it's a snake so science or scientific temperament is all about going close and checking it out finding it out whether what i'm thinking is right or is it wrong then when you have an open mind you look at things from a different perspective you look at a religion from a different perspective you look at humanism from a different
• 37:30 - 38:00 perspective so this is what scientific temperament can do scientific temperament widens your observation so that you can think rationally logically and take the right decisions so our constitution also talks about you know developing a scientific temperament national science day i think you know about this right it's approaching us the government of india through the national national council for scientific
• 38:00 - 38:30 science and technology communication dedicated the 28th feb as the national science day and in the year 2014 the theme fostering scientific temperament was taken up you know every year the national science day has a theme for example this year 2022 the theme is integrated approach in science and technology for a sustainable future so in 2014 the theme was fostering
• 38:30 - 39:00 scientific temperament and as a lover of science each one of you can celebrate the national science day which is 28th of february now how can the question is now i have spoken enough about scientific temperament what is scientific temperament how you can develop it inside you that's the question right so how we can become scientific minded the first i'll give you a few tips i'll not make things very complicated you
• 39:00 - 39:30 know very lengthy i will try to give you simple solutions so that you all become scientific minded and develop a scientific temperament right so are you interested in doing that if you're interested raise your hand let me see how many of you interested in learning the scientific temperament how to be scientific minded great wonderful i can see the hands going up fantastic so see uh this is a picture can you identify whose picture is this let me see how many of you can identify this gentleman type it in the chat box let me
• 39:30 - 40:00 know from the chat box who is it absolutely spot on albert einstein right one of the most well known scientists that we have ever heard of right so albert einstein i'll share a small story about albert einstein as well so that you can understand uh how you can become a scientist and what type of skill sets you require are you aware that albert einstein came up with theories of relativity and you know a lot of big concepts that probably
• 40:00 - 40:30 you will read when you grow up but are you aware that when albert einstein used to go to a place to deliver a lecture he used to stay in a hotel and often his memory was so weak he used to forget which hotel he is staying in so he used to go out in the market and then he forgot which hotel he is in because his memory was weak and then he used to ask people in those days you know there was no television and the media was not so
• 40:30 - 41:00 publishing everything people did not recognize einstein by his face they have heard about einstein because media was not so developed at that point in time so because people did not know him when he was moving around he used to ask people the name of the hotel by asking them do you know which hotel albert einstein is staying in then people could not recognize him as always time but they know or they knew that which hotel he was staying in so they used to show him the way okay although he's staying in that hotel so
• 41:00 - 41:30 you slowly come and go to that hotel so what i try to say is with such poor memory think about what he has done so if you cannot remember things it's not that you cannot become a scientist scientist becoming a scientist does not does not require you to mug up things remember by heart so how you can become a scientist einstein has written on the board itself question everything ask question about almost everything and seek out answers on your own that's the first step do not try to
• 41:30 - 42:00 get the answer very easily from google it's there in your fingertips i know that you have you're holding a smartphone or a tablet or a mobile this laptop you can google it up but don't do it try to think because moment you start googling up your thought process becomes rusted you see how iron becomes rusted when it's not used you need to use your brain your brain is nothing but connection of nerves neurons so these connections only function when
• 42:00 - 42:30 you use them if you do not use those connections the connections gets disconnected and you lose your you know the power of the brain so first thing you need to understand is question everything and search for an answer now how to question everything for example you're driving in the night and you see two bright eyes in front of your car now you saw that oh it was a dog or it's it was a cat have you seen that ever you know you're crossing a dark road all of a sudden two
• 42:30 - 43:00 big bright yellow lights eyes in front of you if you've seen that ever you just check it out you know at times it may happen when you're moving around in a car that you see these type of things and then you see that the eyes of these dogs and cats glow in the darkness now you can ask yourself why does that happen i'm not going to give you the answer because that's the barrier to develop a scientific temperament so today i am posing these questions to you why the eye of a tiger or you know a dog
• 43:00 - 43:30 or a cat glows in the dark what is there in the eye try to think and find it out and then you can finally check out the answer in your book or in your google but before that try to think yes so in what way you can start thinking that the eyes glow maybe two things can be there one is it has something like a mirror that reflects the light or it has a chemical inside it which glows when the light falls on that that's also sort of
• 43:30 - 44:00 reflection but what the eyes contain so when you go deep into it like this you will come to the conclusion what is there that makes the eyes glow you know what is the reason we see rainbows in the sky after you know a rainy day when the sun just comes out we see a rainbow have you seen a rainbow everyone yes right now what is the reason the rainbow forms like that why the shape of the rainbow is like in that arch form why it's not a circle why it's not a square why is it
• 44:00 - 44:30 arched right so these type of questions you can start asking and then you try to find the answer yourself think think think that is the first step of developing a scientific temperament now come to the next point develop critical thinking skill you know so doubt the well well-established ideas now as a scientist a scientist never accepts something on face value just like i told the example of galileo galilei right he did not accept just
• 44:30 - 45:00 because in those days people used to say that the sun revolves around the earth he did not accept it he said i will find out if it's true or wrong you know false so you have to doubt you have to question you have to doubt that is it this way or there can be another way so use your reasoning and ask yourself questions like is there a way to prove this is there a way to prove this we say light travels faster than sound
• 45:00 - 45:30 you have heard about that right students light travels faster than sound now if i tell you prove it can you prove it you have to start thinking you know that how can i prove the light travels faster than sound so when you think in that way you start proving things you are developing scientific temperament or you can take any simple things you know for example uh your house is being painted now there are this
• 45:30 - 46:00 you know packages of paint that has been purchased and the painter has opened it up and started painting and you get a different smell from that pen you ask yourself what is that in the paint that is smelling like this what is there what is the chemical that smells like this then you try to investigate right or you can question yourself if i want to make a color like you know green or blue or
• 46:00 - 46:30 red is it one single color that we use or we can form that color by mixing different colors so simple question simple things you can doubt and ask gain knowledge but try to marvel at mysteries that are yet to be solved fine that's another very important thing you know you gain knowledge that is there in the books your teachers are going to teach you you know you learn a lot of things from the youtube internet everything fine that's perfect but
• 46:30 - 47:00 try to question the mysteries that are yet to be solved what type of mysteries are yet to be solved you know even the function or power of the human brain is not discovered we know only 20 percent of the brain's capacity 80 percent is still unknown to us we can go into that domain we can think about what is a cure to a deadly disease like acquired
• 47:00 - 47:30 am i audible children so we lost you for a moment oh okay this is the last bit am i audible now yes yes thank you yeah so uh what i was telling is that when you gain knowledge the existing knowledge you are gaining because it's already discovered someone
• 47:30 - 48:00 has found it out it's written on the book but then try to find out answers to the questions that are not yet answered you know examples now let let me just put this in front of you instead of me doing all the things let me check if you know about certain things whose answer we still do not know let me see how many of you can you know uh talk about that let me you know you can put the question in the box chat box things that are still not known
• 48:00 - 48:30 what are a few things you can point out type it in the chat box let me see what is your answer bermuda triangle okay very good bermuda triangle you want to find out about it good so it's not answered riemann hypothesis okay
• 48:30 - 49:00 cancer cure wonderful dark matter great can we not die wonderful question mother i love that you know can we become immortal yes so far people say no anyone who has been born has to die but can there be a way to make yourself immortal white holes are aliens real wonderful see so many wonderful questions you're putting on the chat box right what is dark matter great
• 49:00 - 49:30 wonderful wonderful how humans were created is there a life or any you know is there a life or on any other planet beside earth see wonderful question existence of wormholes great great so you see you're coming up with so many questions that's what science asks you to do question for the mysteries that were not solved right in one of the sessions i took for vssf i told the children you know how
• 49:30 - 50:00 your entire brain can be put inside a software and loaded in a computer that is you know research is being done to make it possible now when that happens what are we we think about everything through our brain right so if the entire brain can be replicated and put on form of a chip inside a computer what will happen even if your physical body dies your mind can acknowledge still live you can still think because
• 50:00 - 50:30 your mind has been put on a computer now is if that possibility can be made true is being researched nowadays so think about the research and intensity of it you know organ plant transplantation someone has a kidney problem a donor has to be there who will donate the kidney that will be you know transplanted another human body now people are coming up with new questions that is it possible that through 3d printing instead of printing out something through plastic or you know that fiber
• 50:30 - 51:00 that we use for 3d printers is it possible that we print out a kidney and put it in a human body now this is also you know at the verge of making a no real possibility it it will be there within a few years of time at your lifetime only you will see kidneys will be printed livers will be printed and you don't need a live human donor to donate these things so that will be you know the beauty of science and the beauty of thinking what can be
• 51:00 - 51:30 made possible what is not possible today so a question like why do sodium street lights have an orange glow he says that because the lamp emit lights that is orange yes but why why does a sodium light emits a light that is orange in color so questions like that will make you understand and go deep into a concept now this is you all know an integral part of science experiment do it hands-on
• 51:30 - 52:00 bring up things pull out things from your you know school laboratory things in your home and then you try to do an experiment to understand that if a knowledge is true or not true so stay away from finding answers on the internet and try to use your own reasoning create models or diagrams to explain your understanding now this is very important when you read a concept just not write it down try to make a model of
• 52:00 - 52:30 that concept make a diagram of that concept why because when you are making a model you are practically implementing your knowledge in the real life just reading on the page through you know alphabets and words writing down the things again on a page in form of alphabets and words is not the real you know intention of gaining knowledge you gain knowledge to do something practically so whenever you gain knowledge it would be great
• 52:30 - 53:00 if you can put that thought or that knowledge that you gained not only on paper but in you know in form of a model in form of a diagram in form of something that can solve the problem to solve the problem of your house your community your neighborhood you must have seen so many children coming up with you know products or services to solve a local problem and these local problems when solved
• 53:00 - 53:30 these children are selling that product and they're earning in millions and these are not you know college students i'm talking about these are students of grade five six four you know you never know at what age science does not have any age you can be a scientist even at the class three level it doesn't matter you can think like a scientist you can find out a solution it all depends on how you think
• 53:30 - 54:00 and it will never like be like you know i grew up then i become a scientist that thought is wrong you are already a scientist the only thing is are you using your scientific knowledge that's the real question so whatever you see whatever knowledge you gain try to make a model try to make a diagram try to make a product try to solve a problem through that knowledge then it is the real utility real life knowledge search for examples in real life
• 54:00 - 54:30 applications while understanding the concept now you are being taught let's say addition in mathematics or percentage in mathematics now you will ask yourself why am i like learning this percentage how will it help me so it will help you let's say you go to a super shoppie and it's you know dmard or big bazaar or any other big big shop and there you see 20 discount is being given now 20 discount when it's been given you
• 54:30 - 55:00 will immediately you need to calculate if a product is 100 rupees price then what is the price which i need to pay you will immediately come to the understanding okay 20 means 20 out of 100 so i need to pay 100 minus 20 that is 80 rupees only for 100 rupee product so here in real life you are applying the knowledge that you gained in the classroom or let's say you are your teacher is teaching you surface area of a cylinder now you will ask yourself why am i
• 55:00 - 55:30 learning this why i need to know the surface area of a cylinder see you can think in this way your house is being painted again and is the external area of the house external building been painted and there is a pipe that comes out of your bathroom and goes to the ground floor an underground tank now your father told you that you know you bring some paint to paint that pipe as well or you go to the shop and they tell you that you know you buy the paint
• 55:30 - 56:00 paint now you ask yourself how much do i need to buy i buy one tin or two tins or what one liter two liter how much paint would i require for that you need to understand that what is the surface area of that cylindrical pipe and then with that surface area you can find out how many this one liter of paint can paint how much surface area so you can ask the shopkeeper sir what this one liter of paint that you're selling me
• 56:00 - 56:30 how much surface area can it cover so he will tell you let's say 100 you know centimeter square or something like that you know so when they say you something like that a rough figure you immediately calculate okay if one liter goes for this much surface area then my pipe is of this length and this surface area so i need two tins of paint so based on that you know what paint you would require you can find out through the surface area of a cylinder if you do
• 56:30 - 57:00 not know the formula of a surface theory of a cylinder i'm pretty sure you have not learned about it so i'm not telling you all the complicated formulations but just to understand it that if you do not know the formula of surface area of a cylinder you cannot buy the right quantity of paint so that is how real life application of science happens so take knowledge out of your textbooks into the world around you just question yourself every time you read something in the book ask yourself
• 57:00 - 57:30 why am i doing this why am i reading this concept why the teacher wants me to know the concept and that why is should not be the answer because it is to be written in the examination the answer cannot be that the answer should always be what i will be able to do after learning the concept examination is nothing you know it's just a game you know something you just check yourself every if you if you answer the questions or not that's an examination but your real test is what you do in the
• 57:30 - 58:00 outside world so always relate the knowledge that you gain with that of the outside world now there are different sources of knowledge that you get on internet anything that you find on internet is not right you know anyone any tom dick and harry can write something on the internet and upload that as form of a website just because it is there on the website it does not mean that it is true you need to understand reliable sources of knowledge which are the ones which
• 58:00 - 58:30 are authentic now i have shown you a few things can you tell me out of the three which one has the chance of not being authentic let me see which one has a chance of not being authentic is it the khan academy is it the wikipedia or is it the youtube where you can find out i saw your voice is breaking but we can't see your slide uh my voice is breaking
• 58:30 - 59:00 others can you can you just quickly tell other children if if my voice is audible because i can see my full signal uh you know on the internet that it is audible right now it's fine it's fine fine fine thank you so as i was asking you know this khan academy yes someone has given the answer youtube right absolutely right you know khan academy there is a responsible person sal khan behind khan academy you
• 59:00 - 59:30 know that whatever khan academy publishes 99.99 of times it is going to be true whatever wikipedia publishes it has no tested knowledge put up over there but youtube you take a mobile phone shoot anything and upload on youtube it may not be right it can be false knowledge right so very clearly understand to differentiate true knowledge authentic source of knowledge from you know unauthentic ones so only when
• 59:30 - 60:00 you serve the internet question yourself whatever i'm learning is that website an authentic one or it's just an untested unreliable website so in that case what will happen on internet there are thousands of you know sides that come up you will make the right decision of selecting the right source of knowledge selecting the right source of knowledge is also scientific temperament you need to decide which source of knowledge i will
• 60:00 - 60:30 use and which source of knowledge i will not use so when you do an experiment you write an article you give references of books right you will see you take out any scientific paper there are journals i'm pretty sure in your school there will be journals like you know nature nature is a magazine which is you know very well tested there are magazines like landsat which are well tested now these magazines scientific magazines have something called impact factor what is an impact factor you know the
• 60:30 - 61:00 reliability of the magazine and how much you know how the world scientists look at that magazine at what with what thought process do they accept whatever is published in that magazine so nature is a scientific magazine with high impact factor so when you read an article from nature you will see the author has given you know uh references now all these references that he has given you go to the references and check what are these books all about you will see all these are well tested
• 61:00 - 61:30 authenticated books that they are referring to they will never give a reference of a book or an internet content that is not well tested and tried out so when you conduct experiments when you write an article when you write your thought process down something that you think you have invented discovered you know new new knowledge that you created what you need to do you need to give reference only through authentic source that's available on internet or in your library
• 61:30 - 62:00 now this is another very you know distracting thing that we have in these days the television every house has its own television time but what are you watching that is very very important you know let the tv time be more for scientific programs than for entertainment entertainment is required i'm not ex you know denying the fact that you need to you know watch a movie at times or listen to a good song or view a song on the television that's perfect no problem with that but if you spend your entire time for entertainment
• 62:00 - 62:30 it's not going to give you any result and that is the reason the another name for the television is called an idiot box why is it called an idiot box because when you're watching the television it makes you an idiot it converts your thought process it just you know shows you something on the screen and you absorb it without thinking if it is right or wrong so you should focus more on channels like discovery animal planet national
• 62:30 - 63:00 geographic bbc earth and tv shows like you know the science of stupid this comes on the television how many of you watch this show i do not know but try to watch this signs of stupid it gives you a lot of inputs about scientific things so do not let your television dominate your house in terms of movies and entertainments and serials but science shows ask questions with the reasoning you need to use your reasoning and ask questions like
• 63:00 - 63:30 why is this happening or is this the right way to respond who said this can i trust this instruction so it means what you are asking questions every time so you know uh asking a question is the first step to being a scientist question everything that's what i showed you in the very first slide so you can question how many different types of questions you can form you know questions with why questions with how
• 63:30 - 64:00 questions with who questions with when so all these w questions when you start framing you gain knowledge in a more scientific manner right now this is something called you know inductive and deductive reasoning now for example specific to general rules is called inductive reasoning and a general rule or principle to a specific is called
• 64:00 - 64:30 detective reasoning i'll give an example you know dogs have four legs and dog and dogs have two years this is a general rule right so when you say dogs have four legs and dogs of two years you mean for all dogs now you have a dog which is a golden retriever or let's say a german shepherd so you say that german shepherd is a dog so it automatically means that it will
• 64:30 - 65:00 have four legs and it will have two years so when i say this you know general to specific when i say every dog will have four leg and two years when i talk about a specific dog a german shepherd it also means that it will have four legs and two ears the other round can also be done you know you say i saw a german shepherd it had four legs and two ears i saw a rottweiler it has four legs and two ears i saw a pommerian four legs in two years
• 65:00 - 65:30 i saw a dash and four legs and two ears i saw a small pug four legs and two ears so it means all dogs will have four legs and two ears so that is from specific to general so when you see too many specific things you come up with a general conclusion it's called inductive when you see a general thing like a dog have four legs and two ears you come to a specific dog it's called deductive so your knowledge can be you know processed in this manner
• 65:30 - 66:00 you can either see lot of specific things and form a general rule or you can say a general rule is seen and you go to the specific now when you do this practice this day in and day out you will learn the reasoning simple thing i just told about a dog right now you're thinking like let's say how can i think no this is a bottle i'm holding in my hand when i see this bottle in my hand i say a bottle is you know cylindrical in shape it has a cap now i see three bottles which are
• 66:00 - 66:30 cylindrical in shape but then all of a sudden i find a bottle which is flat as well it's not cylindrical then i say no most bottles are cylindrical in shape but there are bottles which can be you know not cylindrical as well so we cannot frame a rule on that but all bottles will have cap that is a ground reality you know that is something that is true all bottles may not be cylindrical there can be flat bottles there can be square bottles
• 66:30 - 67:00 but whatever type of bottle it is it will definitely have a cap so that is how we come to conclusions inductive and deductive so for your everyday life you can think the things that you see around you can you make it general can you make it specific go from general to specific and specific to general play a game with your family members you know play a game look at things around you try to form a general rule to a specific and specific rule to a general and that is an exercise that you can do wonderful exercises it will
• 67:00 - 67:30 be it will be fun and it will you know polish your way of inducting and detective reasoning then games please don't go for vta vice city and games like that pubg all these are rubbish you know you play games like chess it gives you a logical you know it polishes your logical brain so logical sequencing strategizing these are the things you learn through chess play chess every day if you want you know then you know when you're playing chess
• 67:30 - 68:00 try to have a real chess board it's also possible to play online but i would strongly recommend play it with you know the dices you hold in your hand and then you calculate then you put it in the right place do it with the hands no more neurons that are involved in any activity that you do you learn it the better way if you just click with your finger other than you know more than that you will learn when you actually hold something and move it like a dice of the chest reading comprehension exercises of various levels of tasks help nurture
• 68:00 - 68:30 scientific temperament reading comprehension very very important wherever you get a passage read and try to answer questions from that that helps you to understand a concept clearly riddles and brain teasers are all all-time favorites that infuse excitement and challenge to analyzing and problem solving so riddles sudoku puzzles you know crossword puzzles all these type of things you should practice day in and day out if you have
• 68:30 - 69:00 some time if you want to relax if you want entertainment don't sit in front of the television or a video game practice these things surrogate puzzles crosswords riddles it will help you scientific method what does it include i told you first it starts with observation how you see the things that is where your attitude comes into play i can see a thing and i can have a wrong observation or a male observation i see something i told you i see a you know rubber pipe i think
• 69:00 - 69:30 it is a snake it's a fault in my observation i go close and check then i understand no it is not a snake it's a pipe that's the right observation so you learn how to observe things then question your observation what i am seeing why i am seeing this next is hypothesis that whatever you think that why this is being seen or what is happening over there how this is working that is your hypothesis after you form the hypothesis you
• 69:30 - 70:00 conduct an experiment i told you make a model of it make a diagram of it and then you experiment yourself that whether whatever the previous experiment told can you do it alone again can you reproduce the experiment in your home in your school laboratory and finally when you conduct the experiment you will come to certain conclusions and those conclusions you can write as your finding so it starts with observation asking questions thinking and giving a hypothesis that means an explanation of what is
• 70:00 - 70:30 happening then you conduct the experiment yourself then you see what is happening and you come to a conclusion and you publish or write the results this is how the scientific method works now the last point that i will cover today is computational thinking even before you learn coding you need to understand what computational thinking is computational thinking consists of four parts what are these four parts
• 70:30 - 71:00 decomposing pattern recognizing abstraction and algorithm now if you learn how to develop these skills in you you will be a 21st century you know scientist learner and a student what is that decomposition decomposition is whatever you see break it down into small pieces i do not mean you see a car and break it down nothing like that breaking down means you see something you try to divide it into small components for example you are telling
• 71:00 - 71:30 that i want to go outside and you know watch a movie okay let's say we are not watching movies these days it's pandemic so uh i'm going to go to the school so i have to go out my home and go to the school so break it down into parts so first is i will plan which day and what time i need to go out next is what dress i need to wear third is who will drop me to school fourth is what are the books i need to carry fifth is for how long i need to be in
• 71:30 - 72:00 the school sixth is after i come back or how will i come back and then after coming back what will i do with the knowledge that i gained in the school see a simple thing of going and coming back to school can be broken down into so many steps so when you break down into small steps you can look at steps and observe those steps and find out if you can do it better or you can do it in a different way so that is called decomposition any problem that you have you need to
• 72:00 - 72:30 decompose the problem into small steps and solve those small steps so that the bigger problem gets solved that's called decomposing then there is something called pattern recognizing now if you see that you know you all recognize patterns i'm pretty sure you must have seen in the moment let's say your teacher opens his spectacles and rubs the nose you understand the teacher is getting a bit angry or you know you watch your mother's face or a voice stone and your mother calls
• 72:30 - 73:00 you with that particular tone of voice you understand there is some problem probably i'll you know i'll get a bashing now so you recognize patterns right you know when your father's mood is good when your mother's mood is good based on what based on patterns you have seen that when your father or mother behaved in a particular way they are happy or they did something they are angry when your mother is throwing around you know utensils here and there you know you know that mother is angry otherwise the uteruses wouldn't have made so much sound but when your mother is singing a song
• 73:00 - 73:30 and humming a song you know that your mother is happy so that is what is called pattern recognition and science is all about recognizing patterns the moment you see patterns around you you will see patterns all around you the moment you start recognizing the pattern you have learned this concept third is abstraction abstraction is a big concept being told in such a way that is easy to understand example a globe you know the earth is not an exact sphere
• 73:30 - 74:00 it if you go to google you will see the exact shape of earth if you give it's not an exact sphere but you have a globe in your house or your school it's an exact sphere that is called abstraction why whatever you need to learn about earth that can be taught through that spherical globe and it is capable of giving you the knowledge that you need in your class level when you go to the higher levels of science that time you may be using a real model of the earth which is not an exact sphere but at your level it is you
• 74:00 - 74:30 know if it's spherical and a perfect sphere good enough abstraction is more about a knowledge being shared in such a way that others will be able to understand it better you know you must have traveled in a metro train you will see the stations are written in a you know parallel line you know like first it will be let's say bazaar then there will be manik tala then there will be planet i'm talking about a metro station of calgary these are calgary metro stations so the metro stations are
• 74:30 - 75:00 put in graphical form and that is in form of a horizontal line but you know you know that stations are not like that it's not exactly horizontally aligned maybe you know one station is in the north of the place another is south but you put it in a horizontal line because you need to understand which is my next stoppage for that you need not go all around the map to find out where you know spot a is and spot b's all you need to do is if this is station a i need to get down in station c so you need a line
• 75:00 - 75:30 that's called abstraction finally algorithm what is algorithm algorithm is you make a flowchart of things if you're doing something you make a flowchart and that is called an algorithm now why i'm telling you all these things because for coding to make an app to solve a problem to critically think to be creative these are the four things that you need to develop decomposition pattern recognition abstraction and algorithm and you know
• 75:30 - 76:00 how to do how to develop these things simple games dumb shadows you play dumb shadows right how is it played you know for example you know you you act and then you tell people to guess what movie it is so when you do that what is that can you tell me when you act what do you do let's say you know uh you say like this you know you show a heart and then you do like this
• 76:00 - 76:30 what is the meaning can you tell anyone what movie i'm trying to point out you know maybe the students who do not watch hindi movies will not be able to find out but once you watch other movies can you tell what movie i am talking about i'm pointing as you know heart and then head and doing like this someone is writing mental three idiots yes you know i i got the right answer udkit gave it right
• 76:30 - 77:00 so you are doing what you're breaking down the movie decomposition dil pagal and then you're recognizing the pattern if dillon pagal is there what is the name of the whole movie so that is how you can do it you know and this is not applicable in form of movies only when you do your job in future you know you become a scientist you become a computer engineer you become an astrophysicist all these things will be helpful and you can learn all these things through simple games you can learn these things by making a list of things by map pointing there are
• 77:00 - 77:30 numerous games that i can you know talk about i'm just giving a few examples because we do not have you know so much time but i can tell you these knowledge sources can be gained easily just through playing games and simple activities like you know a one minute speech your teacher teaches you something for the entire 40 minutes you give a one minute speech what form of knowledge is that abstraction the 40 minutes concept you are bringing it down to one minute and telling only what is needed
• 77:30 - 78:00 abstraction so these type of things will be needed in your professional world you can develop through numerous activities so if i get you know maybe in later part of the in due course of time if i get a session with you regarding the basic science i will cover how many different types of activities you can do so with this i come to the end of the presentation but very quickly i'll show you as i promised you some branches of science that you can be in
• 78:00 - 78:30 now look what are the different types of scientists that you can be first astronomer and space scientist you know that vikram sarabhai science foundation the chairperson dr madhavan nair you know is a ex-history chairperson isro is you know the most prominent organization of india in terms of space research similarly you must have visited a planetarium if you have not done try to visit one and
• 78:30 - 79:00 you will see that what are the constellations and different star formations are like and you get a lot of lot of knowledge about space and if that interests you you can you know study space research in your future this is a picture of build a planetarium located in calcutta you know i love visiting this place i've been visiting this from my childhood but i make a point whenever i'm in calcutta i pay a visit to build a planetarium i love watching those shows and the stars
• 79:00 - 79:30 you get into a different world altogether then if you love trees and plants you can be a botanist botanists are the one who deals with trees and plants even the algae and the fungi all these things are dealt with by the botanist then if you love animals you can be a zoologist right in zoology you can be you know someone like salim ali who is called the birdman of india you must have seen the movie robo
• 79:30 - 80:00 2 have you seen the movie robo 2 robo 2.0 in that movie there was a character of akshay kumar which is inspired by the character of salim ali who is called the birdman of india salim ali has written so many books i'm pretty sure you will find one in your school library and read that then steve irwin is not there anymore he passed away because of an accident that happened when he was diving inside sea and a stingray
• 80:00 - 80:30 uh you know he got pierced through the chest by the ray of a stingray but he was a remarkable zoologist and then the ones who not deal with snakes and reptiles they are called herpetologists so herpetology is again a you know field of zoology similarly the ones who deal with birds are called ornithologists so zoology has different streams again then if you love earth you love stones rocks
• 80:30 - 81:00 then you can be a geologist a geologist studies the earth including rocks soils and how they are formed and in india the geological survey of india is a very prominent organization and you know the research of excavation that happens and happened earlier also in terms of you know mohenjo-daro different things that we have excavated the geological survey of india and archaeological uh survey of india these two things are
• 81:00 - 81:30 very important for the children to know then physicist whether it's isaac newton albert einstein or stephen w hawkins this are all scientists dealing with physics physics is you know that whatever you see around you if you want to know how that is happening it is physics you know so a physics solution tells
• 81:30 - 82:00 the rays of the sun how much time it will take to reach earth it will talk about the sound what is the intensity of the sound so anything that you see here and feel around you that is physics then if you go and try to check out what these things are made up of that is chemistry so whatever is you're seeing around you is physics what it is made up of is chemistry and you can become a chemist trying to understand what makes up the things of
• 82:00 - 82:30 the earth and then anything that is living i have not included here in the next slide but anything that is living and it can it has a life if you want to know about that life process that is biology so things that you see around you here around you feel physics how the things are made up of what with what its chemistry and if it is living its biology if you want to know more about the life it's biology then in biology there are streams like oceanography what is happening you know under the
• 82:30 - 83:00 under the sea and in the ocean beds and the seabeds that's oceanography then meteorology you have the forecast of rain storm you know when it will be a typhoon that is coming and hitting the shore or when there is a no earthquake going to happen these things can be predicted by science today and these predictions are being made possible by metrologists the weather forecast when it is going to rain when the rain is going to stop everything this
• 83:00 - 83:30 metrologists decide and they decide based on observations pattern recognitions now here you see pattern recognition is so important they see the pattern of the weather and then they predict whether it will rain or not next biochemistry is a branch of science which deals with life science and the chemical composition involved in that life science right microbiology is
• 83:30 - 84:00 research and study of organisms which can be seen only through a microscope they are so tiny the you know the acellular unicellular organisms parasites bacteria virus all these things are there and there are sub branches to that for example virus being studied as virology bacterology is study of bacteria mycologist study of fungus and so on
• 84:00 - 84:30 ecology ecology is the study of relationship between living organism including human and the physical environment so how we react to the physical environment and the physical environment reacts to us is the study of ecology we say that ecological balance need to be maintained so what is that ecological balance it's about the relationship that we have with the environment so that study is called ecology then of course there is mathematician who you know you can be an accountant a
• 84:30 - 85:00 banker a computer engineer so all these things require mathematics operational research actuary and insurance all these requires mathematics next so the 21st century skills involve three things critical thinking collaboration communication and creativity these are the things that you need to develop yourself in so that you can work in teams in a research you can communicate your research with others you have to be
• 85:00 - 85:30 creative and you have to think critically so with that i have shared a brief intro about you know what scientific temperament is all about what are the different branches of science and uh you know how you can develop a scientific temperament and computational thinking now if you have questions i'll take a few questions because it's already 12 25 but i'll definitely take a few questions give me a moment i just need to put a message in one of the uh groups that i'll start a session a
• 85:30 - 86:00 bit late give me a moment and in the meantime you can ask your question and i would request human mom to you know unmute them one by one and if they want to ask something we can take care of yes sir so thank you so much for such an interesting session um specifically um if i may say characterizing the traits that we need to develop a scientific temperament um you you started off with healthy skepticism that's very very important and also to be free from prejudice and bias to be objective to sort of have
• 86:00 - 86:30 this open mindedness and humility while sort of carrying out these scientific experiments um the willingness to sort of suspend judgement um without sufficient evidence to be rational while gathering the evidence and while evaluating that evidence that we have and most of all to be perseverant right um if i may sum up it like you know a seed is not a seed because a teacher has told you it is a seed or your parents or grandparents or you've read it in a textbook write a
• 86:30 - 87:00 scene you realize it will give birth to a sapling or a plant if you sort of uh sew it in the sword you water it you put it out in the sun and then you realize that oh okay a seed does grow into a sapling so that was basically what our session was uh about today and you sort of beautifully summed it up i remember you talking about algorithms and pattern recognition with the examples of you know if your parents are you know uh sort of there's a lot of utensil noise happening or your father changes a stone or voice you sort of are
• 87:00 - 87:30 able to identify the patterns and that's how you uh you become more rational you're not just being subjective but you're objectively looking at the situation um to sum up what you said uh there's this code of confucius that you know sort of comes to my mind the philosopher the chinese philosopher he said um i hear and i forget um i i see and i remember but i do and i understand um and that is the most important part of you know sort of developing this scientific complement
• 87:30 - 88:00 so thank you so much on behalf of all of us here for such a heartfelt session we will move on to the question and answer sessions i do have a few rules that we have been following for the question and answer sessions you asked me if you could please move on to the slides is this the slide sorry can we go back okay i'll just quickly explain the rules um now we do know that there are a lot of questions that have come into the chat
• 88:00 - 88:30 box um it was a lot of fun going through each of the questions that you had um however because of positive time it sort of restricts our speaker from answering all the questions even though i'm sure dr surukata would have loved to sort of engage in a conversation with each of you but for obvious reasons we can't take in all the questions we have shortlisted a few relevant and contextual questions based on our theme for today i know all of you have asked about space and black holes
• 88:30 - 89:00 and wormholes and all of that we will have sessions uh coming up for you we have four more sessions to go and we will be addressing these questions based on the relevant theme so if your question is not answered today we will definitely address it in the relevant session so for example if it's a space-based question we will answer it in that session if it was geology-based we will answer it in our session on geology all right so today we're just going to stick to contextual and generic questions based on scientific
• 89:00 - 89:30 temperament questions that are similar in nature have been clubbed to a single question and our endeavor is to ensure that all of you uh sort of get a better clarity on the subject of a scientific temperament right so if we're ready we will move on um so i will just quickly share the name of the student and probably they can unmute themselves uh one of the questions that came in was from arthur nadkarni arthur can you hear me my audible
• 89:30 - 90:00 your question was how does the scientific temper help us how does developing a scientific temperament help us wonderful so this question is a very good question that has been raised how does a scientific temperament help us no i give an example you remember that you are walking and you see a you know rubber pipe in front of you you see and it seems like a snake now if you do
• 90:00 - 90:30 not have a scientific temperament you will run away from there and your journey remains uncomplete why it remains incomplete mainly because you see and you get afraid of things that is not true so in our day-to-day life when we are taking decisions if we take decisions based on facts that are not true we will not able to you know move ahead so to move ahead to do certain things you need to take decisions from time to time and those decisions should based
• 90:30 - 91:00 not on on assumptions but on facts if you take decision assumptions you will never be able to reach your destination for example you want to travel somewhere so what you're going to do you want to check that you know for example you take a railway train so you will check out if i need to travel from bangalore to mumbai i have to take a train then you say that okay i have to take a train and there are trains lot of friends in the railway station let me pick up my bag and walk i'll see you after that when the train comes so you go to the railway station
• 91:00 - 91:30 at 9am and then you find out the train is there at evening in the night 9pm now all these 12 hours goes vested but if you're a scientific minded person what will you do you will pick up the timetable of the train find out when the train is whether it requires a reservation or not can you just go and board a train so with that rational thinking you will reserve your train seat you will go to the railway station maybe you know half an hour ago or 15 minutes ago to catch that train and then
• 91:30 - 92:00 your time is not wasted so two approaches one is unscientific approach you just go there and you think that train is there i'll get up on any train but if you're scientific you know that you need to do a reservation you know that train has to come at a particular time then you're going to make that decision of starting from your home at what time and to book the tickets early so this is as simple as that a scientific person will take all decisions based on facts and well-established knowledge and ones who are not scientific minded they will do
• 92:00 - 92:30 things based on assumptions and whimsical nature and they will meet more failures from time to time they will waste their time and that is not going to be in any way productive i hope that answers your question right yes thank you i hope um you've heard the question because i don't seem to find you here but if you have please send us a message if your question has been answered let's move on to the next question the next question comes from
• 92:30 - 93:00 alicia just give me a minute yes elisa noor from david public school class 5b her question is how can i inspire alisa are you here yes ma'am yes please you please ask your question thank you elisa yes sir my question is that how can i inspire and motivate myself to become an astronaut
• 93:00 - 93:30 right you know you don't need to motivate yourself you if you want to be an astronaut you just need to tell yourself i want to be an astronaut that's it the motivation is something that you know you require when you don't want to do it you know for example i don't want to be an astronaut then you need to motivate me that i want to be an astronaut being an astronaut is good it gives you a lot of respect in the society you learn a lot of things about the planets and stars only this motivation is needed when you don't want to do a thing
• 93:30 - 94:00 once you want to do a thing you don't need motivation it will come automatically do you need motivation to you know play something a player game for example or whatever you love doing do your parents need to motivate you come on you know you need to play some games you take out a video game and you need to play it it's wonderful good for your health and heart do they tell you that way no right so you don't need to be motivated for things you already love it will happen automatically don't worry so you just need to understand and find out what you love that's the only question ask yourself
• 94:00 - 94:30 what i want to be and once you are convinced yes i love this all the things that you're talking about i understand that by motivation you said how i can prepare myself if that's the question that will automatically happen don't worry when there is a will there will be a way so if you want to be an astronaut all you need to do is i'm pretty sure you will find out in google because knowledge is in the tip of your fingers now that what it requires to be an astronaut what is the you know college or university that i need to study in what is the name of the course that i need to study
• 94:30 - 95:00 what is the score that i need to get in my board examinations if it has some sense or not so it will happen automatically so self motivation is required only for things that you don't want to do if someone is asking you to do that but since you already want to be an astronaut i can already see you in that dress you know i can already visualize that you're wearing that astronaut dress and starting for you know a distant planet in some part of the solar system
• 95:00 - 95:30 so uh is it clear thank you sir or yes wishing you all the very best on becoming an astronaut in the near future okay um our next question is we do have um a lot of questions uh coming in i'm just trying to shortlist one but one interesting question that i found most of the students were asking was what do you think is your opinion on who created space um i know it's a little philosophical question but how
• 95:30 - 96:00 big is creative space how how vast is space and who is the creator of space you know i will share a story about this you know this is a very interesting story uh you know once there was a person who was traveling uh in a train compartment and this person was reading a bible so when he was reading a bible there was a person who was sitting next to him was speeding into the book that he was reading he said what book are you reading sir he said i'm reading bible come on do you still believe in this bible and what you know god and all
• 96:00 - 96:30 these things you know i am a scientist i don't believe this so you know you should not believe in this as well you should not read books like this think rationally think logically the person said looked at the person again started reading the book again the person kept you know disturbing him that what is there in the bible what what do you know about god so he felt that he cannot read the book any longer so he kept the book and put it in his back and looked up at the person he said what do you do he said i am a scientist and that's the reason i
• 96:30 - 97:00 discouraged you don't read these books read scientific books then he asked what do you do are you a priest or something he said no no i'm a scientist as well so come on what is your name you're a scientist you're telling what is your name he said my name is thomas alva edison he was surprised because by that time edison had so many inventions done he was a big name in science you know thomas salve edition i'm so sorry sir i asked this question to you i had this desire of
• 97:00 - 97:30 visiting your lab from very long time please please permit me so that i can come to your lab and see how your lab is it is a certified come come over tomorrow morning so the next day morning this gentleman who was a scientist came to thomas alvarez's lab and he was made to sit in the you know drawing room outside the lab and there he found a wonderful model of solar system he went close and saw the accuracy with which the solar system was that model
• 97:30 - 98:00 was created so edison came in now what happens is whenever someone comes to a house he tries to appreciate something to start a conversation for example lovely house you have got a good curtain so this scientist thought of doing the same thing he said good morning edison sir this is a lovely model of solar system where did you get it from edison said which model are you talking about keep on that model over there in the corner no i'm not sure yesterday it was not there it's all of a sudden just emerged the
• 98:00 - 98:30 command sir you are a scientist i am a scientist you are joking tell me who made it well honestly i'm telling you there was nothing yesterday until you know till last night it emerged out of nothing all of a sudden sir please jokes apart you are a scientist i'm a scientist please tell me who who created that so he asked then now do you believe that because there is a model of a solar system someone has created it right it just not emerged like that right right out of a ban or something he said no it cannot happen like that it cannot just emerge he said if a model of the solar
• 98:30 - 99:00 system cannot emerge without someone creating it do you think the universe has just emerged like that without someone creating it so the moral of the story is still the the most popular reasoning or hypothesis of how the universe came into existence is it is god's creation even keeping in mind the big bang theory scientists like stephen w hawking uh has a very popular book in that he has tried to show a reasoning why god
• 99:00 - 99:30 has not created the universe or how is it possible but still the most popular theory is it's god's creation you know because nothing can happen all of a sudden out of nothing so this is what the messenger that thomas alva edison a scientist of his teacher gave to the world i hope that answers you question thank you sir that was beautiful that that is something that i think most of us sort of lean towards that no matter how rational we are we sort of tend to feel like oh if you're spiritual
• 99:30 - 100:00 i'm not using religious but i'm saying if you're spiritual you can't be rational but i think it goes hand in hand because eventually all the rationalists end up being spiritualist at one point or the other um thank you so much i think we've reached the end of our session there are a lot of questions but we obviously can't answer all of this thank you so much sir for joining us thank you for uh shedding light on the topic of scientific temperament and for answering all these questions it was a pleasure to have you thank you so much and i can see the
• 100:00 - 100:30 questions moving like you know flash in the chat and i'm feeling guilty that i'm not able to ask all these questions but one thing i would advise you know the children i told you start questioning and searching the answer as well and in case you want to reach out to me uh you know i have a youtube channel there are a lot of videos on that channel dr swarup education if you type in google you will get my youtube channel from there you can pull up my mobile number and if you have something you can whatsapp me from time to time if there are questions
• 100:30 - 101:00 where you have reached a dead end i'll try to answer your questions as far as possible so surf out my uh you know phone number from google you'll get it and reach out to me freedom so thank you so much it was lovely interacting with you all children the bright scientists of tomorrow and thank you sushitro mam vikram sarabhai science foundation chihuahuan for making this session wonderful and you know allowing me to take this session thank you so much namaste thank you so much sir thank you all right we will move on so husty can you please turn the slide yes so this is
• 101:00 - 101:30 just basic information about your upcoming sessions our next session would be on suhasmi please yes on the 14th of february um which is tomorrow between 6 and 7 pm and our topic for tomorrow is climate change yesterday today and tomorrow and our keynote speaker is dr ruth rajpukan and he is an expeditioner who has actually gone and visited the polls right so he is a polar explorer and i encourage all of you to be part of this
• 101:30 - 102:00 session tomorrow between six and seven pm please ensure that you join the session on time right and we'll see you all tomorrow after the 14th of feb our next session would be on the 15th um of february am i audible um yes you are yes okay thank you sushmi i just lost you for a moment yes so our next session after the 14th of feb would be on the
• 102:00 - 102:30 17th of february and our topic for that session is earth science geology and its impacts in daily life the timing for that session would be between 5 and 6 pm all of these details will be sent to you via email so please ensure that you check your emails at regular intervals thank you so much for joining us namaste and we'll see you tomorrow
• 102:30 - 103:00 you