General Chemistry 2 || SHS Quarter 4 Week 2

Estimated read time: 1:20

    Summary

    In this educational video, senior high school students are guided through essential chemistry topics such as Gibbs Free Energy and chemical equilibrium. The instructor discusses how Gibbs Free Energy (G) determines reaction spontaneity, explaining the key equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. Students participate in calculating ΔG for reactions, reinforcing the understanding of spontaneity. Additionally, Le Châtelier's Principle is examined, showing how variations in concentration, pressure, and temperature can shift equilibrium states. Practical examples, such as calcium oxide reactions, help illustrate these complex concepts, engaging the students through interactive problem-solving.

      Highlights

      • Senior high school students engage with Gibbs Free Energy and Le Châtelier’s Principle concepts during online tutorials. 📚💻
      • Key chemistry lessons include determining reaction spontaneity and how equilibria shift! ⚖️🧪
      • Students practice solving Gibbs Free Energy equations, enhancing problem-solving skills. 🤓📈
      • Real-life examples of chemical reactions make the topics relatable and memorable. 🌍🔬
      • Le Châtelier's Principle helps predict reaction shifts due to pressure, temperature, and concentration changes. 🌡️🔄

      Key Takeaways

      • Learn how Gibbs Free Energy formula ΔG = ΔH - TΔS predicts reaction spontaneity! 📈🧪
      • Understand how Le Châtelier's Principle adjusts when concentration, pressure, or temperature change. 🔄🌡️
      • Spontaneous reactions have a ΔG less than zero! Reactions going backwards are non-spontaneous. ⏩⏪
      • Interactive equation-solving keeps learning dynamic and fun! 🤔🧠
      • Reversible reactions and equilibrium bring exciting twists to chemistry! 🔄⚖️

      Overview

      In this engaging video session, senior high school students dive into fundamental chemistry concepts. Guided by an enthusiastic instructor, they explore Gibbs Free Energy and chemical equilibrium. These are powerful tools for determining whether reactions are spontaneous, helping students decode complex ideas with interactive problem-solving.

        The instructor carefully explains Gibbs Free Energy's role in determining reaction directions using the formula ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. Students calculate ΔG values for different reactions, learning how to identify spontaneity by analyzing positive and negative ΔG. This critical learning is solidified through practical examples involving common substances.

          Additionally, Le Châtelier's Principle is introduced, teaching students how changes in external conditions affect equilibrium. By modeling shifts in chemical reaction states due to pressure, temperature, and concentration variations, students gain a deep understanding of these dynamic processes. The session is filled with engaging interaction, making challenging chemistry topics both understandable and enjoyable.

            Chapters

            • 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction The chapter introduces senior high school students to a free online tutorial provided by the DepEd EdTech Unit. It notes that the session is currently in the second week of the fourth quarter. For those who wish to review the content from the previous week, they can revisit the online tutorial via the DepEd EdTech Unit's Facebook page, DepEd Philippines, or the DepEd TV YouTube channel.
            • 00:30 - 02:00: Setting a Positive Mindset The chapter titled 'Setting a Positive Mindset' emphasizes the importance of maintaining a positive attitude towards other people and oneself. It suggests that while we cannot control others, we have control over our own mindset. The chapter encourages individuals to focus on their own thoughts and actions to cultivate a positive outlook.
            • 02:00 - 03:00: Overview of Week 2 Content The chapter emphasizes the importance of choosing positivity and focusing on self-control. It acknowledges that while individuals cannot control others, they have complete control over their own responses and actions. The discussion encourages self-improvement and personal growth as a response to external challenges.
            • 03:00 - 07:00: Gibbs Free Energy Gibbs Free Energy chapter discusses the concept of choosing positivity and its benefits, along with its relevance in the context of foreign scenarios or applications.
            • 07:00 - 13:00: Chemical Equilibrium and Le Chatelier's Principle The chapter covers essential learning competencies related to chemical equilibrium and the application of Le Chatelier's Principle. Key topics include using Gibbs free energy to determine the direction of a reaction, explaining chemical equilibrium in terms of the reaction rates of the forward and reverse reactions, stating Le Chatelier's Principle, and applying it qualitatively.
            • 13:00 - 15:00: Conclusion In the Conclusion chapter, the discussion revolves around the effects of changes in pressure, concentration, and temperature.

            General Chemistry 2 || SHS Quarter 4 Week 2 Transcription

            • 00:00 - 00:30 senior high school students who are attending our free online tutorial tutorial from uh deped ethic unit so we are now on week two of quarter four if you want to watch again our online tutorial for week one of quarter four you may revisit the Facebook page of deped edtech unit deped Philippines and dependent and also a YouTube channel deped TV
            • 00:30 - 01:00 to start our online tutorial so we remind each other how to have a positive mindset about other people for us to have positive mindset um you may choose not to think about it because you are not in control of other people but if the issue is about you you are in control of yourself
            • 01:00 - 01:30 positive or negative since that is for you chambray you will choose to uh you will choose positivity so again if the issue is about other people you are not in control of them but you are in control of yourself so you can decide for yourself you can change yourself and
            • 01:30 - 02:00 choose positivity for you so and again benefits foreign
            • 02:00 - 02:30 so for this afternoon the most essential learning competency that we are going to talk about are the following so we have use gives free energy to determine the direction of a reaction also explain chemical equilibrium in terms of the reaction rates of the forward and reverse reaction and then State the low chatelier's principle and apply it apply it qualitatively to describe the
            • 02:30 - 03:00 effect of changes in pressure concentration and temperature uh
            • 03:00 - 03:30 Ayan um so good afternoon everyone we are now on week two of quarter four okay
            • 03:30 - 04:00 use uh the first most essential learning competency that we're going to discuss is the use of gives free energy to determine the direction of the reaction actually this topic this learning competency I know this is very important
            • 04:00 - 04:30 entropy and the reason why we discussed that because we will use that in Gibbs free energy lesson for this week so I like what I said um enthalpy so it can be calculated from the table of standard values
            • 04:30 - 05:00 week five of quarter uh quarter three so week five yearn so the the reason why we discussed that nothing and for this gives free energy that gives free energy G has a symbol of G this is another thermodynamic property that is used to predict whether the reaction or process will be spontaneous or non-spontaneous
            • 05:00 - 05:30 gives free energies defined as a symbol near G is equal to the H remember young each nothing I enthalpy minus the temperature constantial temperature and then I entropy the change in free energy or uh Delta G of a system for a constant temperature process so when we say constant temperature process change in temperature which is the
            • 05:30 - 06:00 constant temperature so the formula is Delta G is equal to Delta H minus the given temperature uh times the uh entropy change in entropy or Delta satting formula for gives free energy Delta G is equal to Delta H minus the constant temperature times the change in entropy here are the conditions for spontaneity and equilibrium at constant temperature
            • 06:00 - 06:30 and pressure in terms of Delta G so on Delta G nation analysis Delta g i less than zero the reaction is spontaneous in the forward directions spontaneous in the forward Direction but if the Delta G is greater than zero the reaction is non-spontaneous
            • 06:30 - 07:00 non-spontaneous the reaction is uh spontaneous in the opposite direction or backward Direction equilibrium it is in reversible reaction okay Delta J equal to zero the system is at equilibrium it is in reversible reaction meaning that uh the arrow that we're going to
            • 07:00 - 07:30 use is in reversible in the forward direction if the Delta G is less than zero forward Direction so uh towards the product towards the reactant okay let us take a look at this example calcium oxide also called quick line is
            • 07:30 - 08:00 okay again calcium oxide or CAO also called quick line is an extremely valuable inorganic substance use in still making production of calcium metal the paper industry water treatment and Pollution Control it is prepared by decomposing Limestone or young calcium carbonate ceco3 in a kiln at a high temperature equation at all so we have
            • 08:00 - 08:30 CaCO3 though c a c o three solid calcium carbonate has a reversible reaction with calcium oxide solid plus carbon dioxide in gas form is a thermodynamics it is important that we indicate the state of the substance
            • 08:30 - 09:00 so in this case we have solid for calcium carbonate solid for calcium oxide and gas for CO2 or carbon dioxide okay in this chemical reaction the reaction is reversible and calcium oxide readily combines with CO2 to form calcium carbonate reversible when calcium carbonate is decomposed it will form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas and also this calcium oxide when uh
            • 09:00 - 09:30 it readily combines with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate so a reversible reaction shock okay so I will just be I will just put the equation on the upper right side of our screen for us to be reminded of the equation okay the first thing that we're going to do so okay so the first thing that we're going to do is calculate the Delta H and the
            • 09:30 - 10:00 Delta s for the reaction at 25 degrees Celsius last week no week five discus free so since my given detona 25 degrees Celsius we have to convert that to Kelvin okay this is
            • 10:00 - 10:30 to do that we have to add 273 with that 25 degrees Celsius so 273 plus uh 25 is and 298 Kelvin is
            • 10:30 - 11:00 enthalpy and we know that that is the equation we have CAO c-a-o is part of the product CO2 part of the product uh
            • 11:00 - 11:30 uh value or data vinegar later so we have negative 635.6 kilo Joule per mole plus negative 393.5 kilojoule per mole minus a negative 1206.9 kilojoule per mole
            • 11:30 - 12:00 I kindly type in your answer in the comment section so I provided the thermodynamic data I have put that in the uh in the formula you just need to type in that in your calculator comment section and I will show to you if your answer is correct so while waiting uh
            • 12:00 - 12:30 so shout outs watching from Las Pinas from Las Pinas SVO Las Pinas um okay so let us wait for our students to answer can you type in this in your calculator negative 635.6 kilo Joule actually coupon
            • 12:30 - 13:00 pronunciation kilojoules pero when I search the Google company in KJ it's kilojoules answer from our students 635.6 plus negative 393.5 minus
            • 13:00 - 13:30 1206.9 this was our topic when uh in our quarter in our week five okay 177.87 Queenie Diana Ross 177.8 Eliza Arnold Yasmine Ian
            • 13:30 - 14:00 dried Ray Cyrus Diane Gladys nodi Romar Eden uh and then Daniel effort me sunshine sunshine Sabina Irish Raven Roslyn Charlie main Sunny Jefferson Sasha Trisha Gian Ruth
            • 14:00 - 14:30 Edward ruslin happy Leia marife divine Kimberly Ayan Trisha Irish Wong Wyatt Mike Robert Shira Haifa Divine Ferdinand Rowell Edward ruthlin songs 177.8 let us check sabadinilara
            • 14:30 - 15:00 cell okay you got it correctly nothing young entropy entropy calculator for entropy caoi 39.8 Joule per Kil F per Kelvin mold I would just like to correct
            • 15:00 - 15:30 which should be Joule per Kelvin mole okay 39.8 Joule per Kelvin mole plus 213.6 Joule per Kelvin mole minus 92.9 Joule per Kelvin mole okay so uh let us wait for our students to answer uh entity for us to get the value of Gibbs free energy so the enthalpy and the entropy
            • 15:30 - 16:00 okay let us wait for our students foreign
            • 16:00 - 16:30 gladiel
            • 16:30 - 17:00 blah peace Robert Yasmine Cyrus Sabina revenge and Jefferson Clyde Ferdinand Queenie
            • 17:00 - 17:30 thank you for participating very active in this afternoon since Trisha okay let's see if you got it correctly okay 160.57 160.5 joules per Kelvin moles
            • 17:30 - 18:00 and now that is important for us to complete for the Gibbs free energy um formula for the Gibbs free energy is Delta G is equal to Delta H minus the temperature times the entropy so sabinating I'm adding Delta H compute buses in your computation I 177.8 kilo Joule per mole minus 298
            • 18:00 - 18:30 298 in temperature kanina 25 degrees Celsius we converted that to Kelvin okay times the our entropy and uh chat box I 160.5 that is our entropy change in entropy foreign
            • 18:30 - 19:00 opinion so we will multiply this side it's a conversion factor now in one kilojoule merong 1000 Joule so it's a cancel
            • 19:00 - 19:30 nothing and the same unit canceling Jewel cancel the Kelvin unit is one another okay so kindly solve for Delta G Okay so I am watching from P TLC Sony's another
            • 19:30 - 20:00 Junior TLC Robert pad Singh so convert down so solve for Delta G ion Paris okay let us wait for our students to answer
            • 20:00 - 20:30 okay message only 129.97 129.97 let us check let us wait for our students to answer
            • 20:30 - 21:00 okay so 129.97 Savannah Jefferson Elementary Queenie Daniel Eddie sunshine Edna
            • 21:00 - 21:30 uh Divine Haifa is 129.7 97 the Kimberly Lara Robert Trisha Chris Lara Ian okay so let us check if your answer is correct
            • 21:30 - 22:00 so let us analyze the condition on the spontaneity in terms of Delta G since the reaction what do you think is the reaction is positive or greater than zero the reaction is
            • 22:00 - 22:30 none is spontaneous okay none is spontaneous since the Delta G is positive results I positive or more than zero the Delta G is positive therefore the reaction is non-spontaneous the reaction is the reaction is in the opposite
            • 22:30 - 23:00 direction opposite direction or it can be we can say it's in backward reaction backward reaction okay forward spontaneous on the opposite direction backward reaction okay this happens when we uh the condition of the system is at lower temperature let us
            • 23:00 - 23:30 remember now temperature 298 Kelvin 25 degree Celsius temperature so at lower temperature it is expected that the Delta G is positive okay Delta G is positive at lower temperature let us try that Naman let us solve the LPG of the same problem but this time with temperature of 840 degrees Celsius okay so I will be
            • 23:30 - 24:00 providing again the data Delta G is equal to the Delta and enthal change in enthalpy and the temperature and change in entropy so 177.8 kindly read your calculator 177.8 kilojoule per mole minus uh this is converted 840 plus 273 is that is equal to 1 100 uh 13 Kelvin so
            • 24:00 - 24:30 now convert Nasha times 160.5 Joule per Kelvin mole and again um type in this in your calculator while I cancel all the same unit cancel
            • 24:30 - 25:00 now we have the same unit uh kilojoule per mole okay let us wait for our students to finish Computing this uh problem this time at a higher temperature 840 degrees Celsius
            • 25:00 - 25:30 students divine 0.84 okay negative 0.84 sorry [Music] 0.8365 niasmine 0.84 0.84 ganondense
            • 25:30 - 26:00 eat uh messages
            • 26:00 - 26:30 uh
            • 26:30 - 27:00 like a participated pronunciation Jenny marife Eden Raven Denzel Kimberly
            • 27:00 - 27:30 sunshine the answer is negative 0.8 kilojoule per mole so let us analyze the condition at 840 degrees Celsius
            • 27:30 - 28:00 the reaction is spontaneous this one a man is spontaneous in the forward reaction forward reaction so if the Delta G again is negative so the spontaneous in the forward reaction negative spontaneous in the foreign
            • 28:00 - 28:30 chemical equilibrium in terms of the
            • 28:30 - 29:00 reaction rates of the forward and reverse reaction so most of the reactions we've looked so far have been in this form so the coefficient of a reacts with the coefficient and a coefficient of substance a reacts with coefficient of substance B producing coefficient of substance C and the coefficient of substance a chemical equation or chemical reaction
            • 29:00 - 29:30 but in chemical equilibrium a condition in the course of a reversible chemical reaction in which no net change the Delta G is zero in the amounts of reactants and products of course it is necessary that we understand that the chemical equilibrium is in reversible reaction because a chemical reaction like this forward and backward reaction it is
            • 29:30 - 30:00 important that we understand that chemical equilibrium is uh in reversible reaction because Lucia to layer principle um principle will help us predict the shift in the direction of the reaction so Sabrina state that the Lucia's principle and apply it qualitatively to describe the effect of changes in pressure concentration and temperature on a
            • 30:00 - 30:30 system at equilibrium most essential learning competency okay the loose shuttle years principle states that when factors that influence an equilibrium are altered so Anonymous factors neon we have the concentration we have the pressure and the temperature so most essential learning competence
            • 30:30 - 31:00 concentration pressure up temperature okay the equilibrium will shift to a new position I all um that tends to minimize those changes I search the definition from Khan Academy the definition of loose shuttle year the Lucia's principle states that when a system experiences a disturbance disturbance concentration pressure
            • 31:00 - 31:30 temperature chemical reaction when a system experiences a disturbance it will respond to restore new equilibrium state so young chemical reaction Direction forward or backwards equilibrium so let us focus on concentration first if there is a change in concentration okay if there is a change in
            • 31:30 - 32:00 concentration if additional reactant is added to a system the equilibrium will shift to the right towards the product more reactant lead reactants lead to formation of more products we have the equation of hydrogen gas two moles of hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas with reversible reaction with two moles of water in a gas form
            • 32:00 - 32:30 if additional reactant is added to a system increase in the hydrogen okay increase in the oxygen the equilibrium will shift to the right or towards the product okay the direction of the reaction will shift towards the product more reactants lead to the formation of more Productions
            • 32:30 - 33:00 in equilibrium it will go in forward reaction you will identify the direction of the the shifting in the reaction so will it shift forward or shift backward okay next if the concentration of the product will
            • 33:00 - 33:30 be reduced or decreased the equilibrium will also shift to the right so same uh equations the formation of products is needed to achieve equilibrium forward reaction will shift to the right parent towards the products
            • 33:30 - 34:00 definitely it will shift to the reactant sign okay stress the direction will be towards the product side the direction of the reaction will go towards the reactant okay next if there is a change Naman in Prada okay so it's a product
            • 34:00 - 34:30 the equilibrium will shift to the reaction side there is an increase in our product the ship will be towards the reactant side it will favor uh on the on the backward on the opposite direction towards the reactant side reaction
            • 34:30 - 35:00 next if there is a change Naman in the reactant if reactants will be removed from a system same equation if reactants will be removed from a system equilibrium will also shift to the left reactant side the reaction will go to
            • 35:00 - 35:30 the left or towards the reaction simply um is an increase in pressure in changing the pressure and increasing pressure will cause the reaction to go toward the direction that favor that favors the formation of a smaller volume
            • 35:30 - 36:00 so example it's an equation at all speeds uh so moles eating in some moles
            • 36:00 - 36:30 is the coefficient side is so in this case pressure will have no effects
            • 36:30 - 37:00 so therefore pressure will have no effect in this chemical reaction next CaCO3 solid calcium carbonate has a reversible reaction with solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas okay the products take up more volume than
            • 37:00 - 37:30 the reactant because one of the products is gas is so the products take up more volume so it takes up more volume than the reactant carbon dioxide increasing the pressure puts a stress on the products
            • 37:30 - 38:00 carbon dioxide to minimize the stress increasing pressure definitely um predict the direction of the shift in the equilibrium forward Basha or backward reaction reaction um will it go will it go forward or backward reaction knowing that the only
            • 38:00 - 38:30 the product side has the gas substance increase and pressure at what direction do you think will it shift for it to have equilibrium is it forward or backward forward reaction or backward reaction okay answer
            • 38:30 - 39:00 okay to minimize the stress knowing that carbon dioxide is on the product side in gas form will it shift forward or backward okay students predict the direction of the ship product side is in gas form okay you may try to guess
            • 39:00 - 39:30 I didn't the last time backwards backward okay so that is Denzel Robert Prince Karen Diane Haifa
            • 39:30 - 40:00 Charlie May Ruth Ayana please Raven lylan Sally Queenie uh Queenie Jenny Shania Eden Lara and also sapnisone Kimberly Gerald Lara okay Christy
            • 40:00 - 40:30 okay Sabino backward okay let us check very good okay let us now proceed to the change in temperature
            • 40:30 - 41:00 okay so it's a changes in temperature if the reaction is endothermic so now endothermic and exothermic so this is just a recall endothermic and exothermic param identified temperature chemical equilibrium if the reaction is endothermic heat is being absorbed by the system and the value of the Delta H is positive therefore we can consider
            • 41:00 - 41:30 heat as one of the reactants reactant next if the reaction is exothermic heat is released thus heat is a product and the value of delta H is negative so again release a
            • 41:30 - 42:00 okay so let us have an example this is an endothermic society that is endothermic reactant increasing the temperature on an endothermic reaction will shift the
            • 42:00 - 42:30 equilibrium to the right the hill and reactants the chef will go to the right foreign in a forward reaction or a shift to the product side next on an endothermic reaction
            • 42:30 - 43:00 is backwards and this one a month is forward reaction okay you may uh revisit this video
            • 43:00 - 43:30 answer temperature pressure concentration next if the temperature is increased in an exothermic exothermic the direction of the reaction will go will shift to the left okay so it will be in backward reaction next if the temperature is decreased the equilibrium will shift to the right
            • 43:30 - 44:00 so decrease and Heat temperature okay it will shift to the right the equilibrium will shift to the right temperature dito it will shift to the right forward reaction okay so uh this is just an additional um
            • 44:00 - 44:30 temperature pressure uh concentration temperature and pressure but I just added this catalysts do not have an effect on equilibrium equilibrium of the system equilibrium
            • 44:30 - 45:00 foreign
            • 45:00 - 45:30 attended
            • 45:30 - 46:00 God bless everyone to God be the glory