GK FOR SSC EXAMS 2025 | PYQ SERIES PART - 5 | LEC-7 | PARMAR SSC

Summary

In this lecture, Parmar SSC delves into various historical and geographical topics pertinent to the SSC exams. The session explores crucial battles involving Chandragupta Maurya, the powerful reign of the Magadha Empire, the significance of the Vijayanagara Empire, and the geographical and cultural richness of India. The lecture also covers aspects of the Indian Constitution, atmospheric science, and economic principles. Through engaging anecdotes and detailed explanations, students are provided with a comprehensive understanding of the subjects necessary for excelling in competitive exams.

Highlights

• Chandragupta Maurya's victory over Dhanananda marks a pivotal moment in Indian history. 🎯
• Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands as a testament to the grandeur of the Vijayanagara Empire. 🏰
• The Union List in the Seventh Schedule outlines key governmental responsibilities. 📋
• Meteorites burn up in the mesosphere, showcasing the atmospheric layers' dynamic nature. 🌌
• Tropical cyclones originate in warm oceanic waters, unleashing powerful forces of nature. 🌊

Key Takeaways

• Understand the role of Chandragupta Maurya in defeating Dhanananda with the help of Chanakya. 🤓
• Learn about the ancient capital of Vijayanagara, Hampi, and its historical significance. 🏛️
• Get to know the structure and implications of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution. 📜
• Explore the atmospheric layers and understand where meteorites burn up. ☄️
• Grasp the causes and effects of tropical cyclones in different oceanic regions. 🌪️

Overview

With a vibrant introduction, today's session kicks off with a look into the remarkable achievements of Chandragupta Maurya. His tactical victories, aided by his advisor Chanakya, highlight strategic brilliance against adversaries such as Dhanananda. This discussion sets the tone for understanding the power dynamics in ancient Indian empires.

As we move along, the lecture sheds light on the historical relevance of Hampi, once the bustling capital of Vijayanagara Empire. Through vivid descriptions, Hampi's architectural marvels and its strategic significance during India's medieval era are brought to life in a manner that engages and informs.

Finally, the session dives into more technical topics, providing clarity on the Indian Constitution's Seventh Schedule, exploring atmospheric layers where meteorites perish, and understanding the genesis of tropical cyclones across different marine environments. This varied mix of topics ensures a well-rounded grasp on both historical and scientific facets necessary for SSC exam success.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction This chapter titled 'Introduction' is essentially a warm greeting where the speaker welcomes everyone to the lecture, ensuring that their voice is being transmitted properly and requesting confirmation before formally beginning the session.
• 00:30 - 05:00: Lecture 7 Beginning and First Question Discussion The lecture begins with the instructor announcing that it's the seventh lecture and mentions their early arrival by 2 minutes. The instructor inquires about the students' reactions to this punctuality and seeks their feedback, while ensuring that there are no problems with the session start.
• 05:00 - 10:00: Magadha History and Dynasties The chapter titled 'Magadha History and Dynasties' begins with an unclear statement from a robotic voice, indicating a conversation or event waiting for confirmation. It references 'Fatum Little Boy,' whose arrival seems to hold some significance, implying that this character will somehow benefit the group involved. This suggests a part of the text that deals with historical narratives could be interspersed with fictional or metaphorical elements, potentially relating to the strategic importance or impact of certain figures or decisions in the history of the Magadha dynasties.
• 10:00 - 15:00: Vijayanagara Empire and Capitals This chapter discusses the Vijayanagara Empire, focusing on its capitals and significant historical events. There's mention of the lecture number seven from a series or course, suggesting that this may be part of a larger set of lessons on Indian history, particularly highlighting the competition and skirmishes among rulers. The excerpt includes a question about a specific battle involving Chandragupta Maurya, indicating that the chapter might compare different empires or rulers.
• 15:00 - 20:00: Bahmani Kingdom and Division The chapter appears to mistakenly intertwine historical contexts. It begins with a question about a battle involving Chandragupta Maurya and proceeds to list various ancient figures juxtaposed against the backdrop of Mahajanapadas in ancient India. However, no coherent narrative or conclusion about the Bahmani Kingdom or its divisions is presented within the transcript.
• 20:00 - 25:00: Mughal Empire and Related Dynasties The chapter discusses the significance of the 16 Mahajanapadas mentioned in ancient Buddhist and Jain texts with a focus on Magadha, one of the most powerful Mahajanapadas. Magadha's power stemmed from its strategic location between the Ganga and Son rivers and its capital cities, which shifted from Rajagriha to Pataliputra under the rule of Udine.
• 25:00 - 30:00: Indian Constitution: Union and State List The chapter discusses the Indian Constitution focusing on the Union and State List. It also touches on historical dynasties like the Haryananka and Shishuga dynasties in Magadha. A specific ruler named Kalashoka from the Shishuga Dynasty is highlighted for his patronage of the Second Buddhist Council. The chapter also briefly mentions rulers from other dynasties.
• 30:00 - 40:00: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) The chapter discusses the history of various dynasties and rulers in ancient India. It begins with the mention of Bimbisar and a physician named Jeevak, then moves on to discuss the ruler of Ujjain, Pradyota. Following this, it talks about Azad Shatru and Udain, who shifted the capital. The chapter ends with the Nanda Dynasty, with Mahapadmananda mentioned as the founder.
• 40:00 - 50:00: Fundamental Rights and Equality The chapter discusses the concept of fundamental rights and equality. It recounts historical events involving significant figures such as Dhananand and Chandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta, with the assistance of Chanakya, defeated Dhanananda in the Battle of Patliputra, highlighting the power struggles of that era. This narrative is used to elucidate concepts underlining the chapter's theme of rights and equality.
• 50:00 - 70:00: Atmosphere and Cyclones The chapter discusses the works of Vishnugupta, also known as Kautilya, highlighting his significant contribution through the book 'Arthashastra'. Contrary to popular belief, 'Arthashastra' is not solely focused on economics but is a political book. The chapter also mentions Megasthenes, a traveler and writer.
• 70:00 - 80:00: Soil Composition and Factors The chapter titled 'Soil Composition and Factors' introduces a historical account from a Greek traveller, Megasthenes, who visited the court of Chandragupta Maurya. The chapter highlights that he was sent by Seleucus Nicator, the founder of the Celis Dynasty, which was located in the North-Western part of India. The introductory transcript seems to focus on historical context rather than soil composition.
• 80:00 - 90:00: Unemployment Types and Per Capita Income The chapter starts by recalling historical events, mentioning that Alexander the Great invaded India during the reign of Dhanananda in 326 BC. It highlights the Battle of Hydaspes where Alexander defeated King Porus. This battle took place by the Jhelum River. After the battle, Alexander left Seleucus Nicator, a Greek military commander, in India as he returned to his homeland. The chapter doesn't seem directly related to unemployment types and per capita income, suggesting that this section is part of a larger narrative possibly explaining historical contexts or influences on economic concepts.
• 90:00 - 100:00: Muscle Types and Function The chapter delves into historical events involving Chandragupta Maurya, highlighting his defeat of Silicus Nicator and his subsequent marriage to Nicator's daughter, Helina. It mentions the book 'Indika' written by Megasthenes, where he detailed various aspects of Chandragupta's rule.
• 100:00 - 110:00: Physics: Motion and Velocity The chapter titled 'Physics: Motion and Velocity' aims to discuss concepts related to motion and velocity in physics. However, the excerpt provided appears to deviate from the expected content by focusing on a historical discussion regarding Indian society and its caste system, specifically mentioning misconceptions about the division into seven castes as opposed to the traditional four varnas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. The text mentions a query about these seven castes, which might pertain to recent examinations or inquiries. There is also mention of some procedural or mnemonic reference possibly related to administrative exams or councils, as indicated by phrases like 'PCS to PCS' and 'Councilor.' The narrative seems disjointed from the intended subject of motion and velocity, potentially due to transcription errors or misplacement within documents.
• 110:00 - 120:00: Dance Forms: Kathak and Others The chapter explores various dance forms with a focus on Kathak, an Indian classical dance. It also delves into roles in society through a philosophical lens, examining the identities of individuals such as farmers, shepherds, traders, warriors, and overseers, along with their social order and roles. The chapter provides insights on cultural hierarchies and the integration of dance in societal structures.
• 120:00 - 130:00: Folk Dances of Indian States The chapter "Folk Dances of Indian States" seems to delve into historical aspects as well, referencing ancient texts and figures. The transcript excerpt mentions the Puranas, ancient Indian scriptures, and discusses Chandragupta Maurya, a historical figure from the Maurya dynasty. It highlights Chandragupta's lineage, stating that he is the son of Mura, who is the daughter of a hunter, indicating his connection to a lower clan according to the Mudra Rakshas by Visakhadutta. This snippet suggests the chapter might explore the cultural and historical narratives interwoven with folk traditions and how these narratives are preserved through dance.
• 130:00 - 140:00: Vitamins and Deficiencies The chapter titled 'Vitamins and Deficiencies' discusses various aspects related to vitamins and the consequences of their deficiencies in the human body. While the transcript provided doesn't contain specific information regarding vitamins, it suggests keeping in mind historical context, such as references to Chandragupta Maurya and the ancient capital of Vijayanagara, Hampi, indicating a mix of historical and educational content. The relevant details about vitamins and their deficiencies would typically include different types of vitamins, their roles in bodily functions, and the health issues arising from their lack.
• 140:00 - 150:00: Literacy Rates in India The chapter provides an overview of the Vijayanagara Empire, founded by Harihar and Bukka in 1336 AD, with Hampi as its capital. It was ruled by four dynasties, including the Sangama dynasty. The chapter also discusses several travelers who visited during this era, such as Portuguese travelers Durate Borboson, Domingo Peace, and Achut Fernandes, Italian traveler Niccolo di Conti, and Persian traveler Abdul Razak. These visits occurred during the rule of Devaraya, with specific emphasis on the Italian and Persian travelers visiting during the time of Devaraya One. Additionally, the chapter mentions Devaraya One's daughter's marriage and questions about its connection to a ruler of the Bhavani Kingdom.
• 150:00 - 160:00: Sports: Table Tennis and Others The chapter begins by mentioning the capital Hampi, which was named after Goddess Pampa Devi, a local deity comparable to Parvati. It continues with a description of Virupaksha Temple, noting that there are two locations of this temple—one in Patta Dhakkal and the other in Hampi itself.
• 160:00 - 167:00: Conclusion and Exam Preparation Tips This chapter provides a conclusion and offers exam preparation tips. It begins by discussing the contributions of Queen Lakkan Queen Lok Mahadevi, a figure associated with the Chalukya Dynasty. It makes a distinction between the Chalukya and Vijayanagar dynasties, emphasizing that the structure referred to earlier in the chapter is linked to the Chalukya Dynasty. In contrast, a structure built by Lakkan Dandesha is associated with the Vijayanagar Dynasty. The chapter highlights the historical significance of these dynasties and their rulers.

GK FOR SSC EXAMS 2025 | PYQ SERIES PART - 5 | LEC-7 | PARMAR SSC Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 So hello everyone and good morning to everyone, I hope my voice is coming properly, everyone will confirm once, then we will start today's lecture and
• 00:30 - 01:00 today lecture number seven is going to be held, so is everyone ready and today I have come 2 minutes early, I am okay, so what would you like to say on this, what will be your reaction on this, I would definitely like to know this from all of you, yes, once we confirm, there is no problem, is there any problem?
• 01:00 - 01:30 There is no problem with the robotic voice. Come on brother, please confirm quickly. Once Fatum Little Boy will arrive, he will do a favor to us.
• 01:30 - 02:00 Come on, there is no problem, then let's start. The very first question of lecture number seven is this and the question is which of the following rulers was defeated in the battle of battles. One second in the battle for Pataliputra by Chandragupta Maurya
• 02:00 - 02:30 So which of the following rulers was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya in the battle of Pataliputra Megasthenes Dhanananda Silicea Nicator or Elara So yesterday we had seen a question in which we had seen that the day before yesterday we had seen about Mahajanapadas that there are 16 Mahajanapadas, what do you say
• 02:30 - 03:00 by doing Anguttar Nikaya, in the Buddhist text there are 16 Mahajanapadas mentioned in Bhagwati. The sutra which is a Jain text is also mentioned and among the 16 Mahajanapadas, the most powerful one emerged that was Magadha. Magadha was located between the Ganga and the Son or South of the Ganga and there were many reasons for Magadha being powerful, one of which was the capital, which was its capital Pataliputra, earlier it was Rajagriha, okay earlier it was Rajgriha which it was surrounded by the five. Hills, is n't it the first Rajgrih? Who shifted it to Pataliputra? Udine did it. Okay and
• 03:00 - 03:30 who was Udine? Who was the second Udine? Who was Udine? Now many dynasties came in Magadha like Haryananka Dynasty came first and after that came your Shishuga Dynasty who had a ruler. We had read what was his name? Kalashoka of Shishuga Dynasty who at his time patternized the Second Buddhist Council. If we talk about the rulers of Harka
• 03:30 - 04:00 Dynasty, then Bimbisar who had sent a physician named Jeevak, what was the ruler of Ujjain and the capital of Ujjain, let us tell you, his name starts with A and he got Jdis. Okay, so his name was Pradyota, then the Azad Shatru came, then Udain Udain had shifted the capital, then Shishu Nagar Dynasty, then we saw that Nanda Dynasty. And this Nanda Dynasty came, the name of the first ruler or the founder of this dynasty was Mahapadmananda. Okay, Maha Padma Nanda. Okay, and
• 04:00 - 04:30 the name of the last ruler of this dynasty was Dhananand Dhana Nand Dhananand. The last ruler was Chandragupta who was Maurya, he had defeated Dhanananda in the Battle of Patliputra because Patliputra used to be the capital at that time. So it is obvious that this battle would have taken place only for him and in this, Chandragupta Maurya, okay, whom did Chandragupta Maurya defeat, who defeated Dhanananda and whose help did he take? With the help of Chanakya, okay say Chanakya, call
• 04:30 - 05:00 it Vishnugupta, okay call it Vishnugupta or you can call Kautilya, the thing is the same, this is a book by him, you should know and that is Arthashastra, you will know Arthashastra which is This is a book, not based on economics and economics. This is a political book. Let's look at the other options as well. This is what Megasthenes has written. Megasthenes was a traveler.
• 05:00 - 05:30 Megasthenes was a Greek traveler. Okay, in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. Traveler in the court of Chandragupta Maurya and who had sent it. It was sent by Seleucus Nicator, which is written in option number C, Seleucus. Who was Nicator? He was the founder of Celis Dynasty. Celis Dynasty was situated in the North-Western part of India. Actually
• 05:30 - 06:00 , we saw that Alexander had invaded India during the time of Dhanananda. Alexander had invaded India during the time of Dhanananda and when did this happen? In 326 BC, where Alexander the Great had defeated Porus in the battle. Of Hydaspe Hydaspes means Jhelum was born in the banks of Jhelum River. Well, at that time, Dhananda was ruling in Magadha, so Alexander had left Silicus Nicator here and went back. So, in a way, Silicus Nicator was the Greek military commander
• 06:00 - 06:30 of Alexander and had done the work of defeating him, that is, Chandragupta Maurya had also defeated Silicus Nicator and after defeating him, he also married his daughter. His daughter's name was Kari, his daughter's name was Helina, okay, his daughter. The name of this book was Helina, you will keep in mind that Megasthenes had also written a book and what was the name of this book, let us tell you, the name of this book was Indika, isn't it and in this Indika, Megasthenes had described many things during the rule of Chandragupta
• 06:30 - 07:00 Maurya and had told that Indian society is divided into seven castes or seven worlds, which was wrong because our society was in four varnas, Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra is still there today, that is fine, which were these seven castes, this was recently asked by a recent person, now if the vendor tender is changed, I don't know whether to ask or not, but yes till now the questions are made on this and we remember it by doing PCS to PCS to and Councilor PCS to and Councilor is from P
• 07:00 - 07:30 , Philosopher will be from C, Cultivator Cultivator means this. That your farmer will be from S, Shepherd will be from T, Trader will be from W, Warrior will be warrior or even farmer can come in place of soldier cultivator. It should be known in the order who is in the first one, who is in the second, who is in the third, in the fourth, in the fifth, in the sixth and this is from AO. Your overseer is ok overseer, so
• 07:30 - 08:00 you should remember all these in the order. It is that clear, it is written in the Puranas which are our Puranas, it is written in it. That Chandragupta Maurya is the son of Mura. Who is Mura? Daughter of a Hunter. Daughter of a Hunter. This is written. And the Mudra Rakshas which we discussed yesterday is the Mudra Rakshas of Visakhadutta. It is written in it that he belongs to a low clan. It is written that he
• 08:00 - 08:30 is clanless. We will keep these things in mind about Chandragupta Maurya. It is clear that we should proceed further. Next question is here on your screen. Hampi the ancient capital Vijayanagara is located in Where is Hampi, the ancient capital of Vijayanagara, located? Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka or Telangana. Where is Hampi, the ancient capital of Vijayanagara, located? Now we have known a lot of things about Vijayanagara, such as
• 08:30 - 09:00 who was the founder of Vijayanagara Empire. He was Harihar Bukka. He founded it in 1336 AD and Hampi was the capital. It was ruled by four dynasties, Sangam. Sulaf Tav Arivadu We had learned about the travelers who had come during the time of KDR, Durate Borboson, Domingo Peace, Achut Fernandes, during the time of Devaraya, all these were Portuguese travelers, then you had an Italian traveler named Niccolo di Conti, who had come during the time of Devaraya One and the Persian traveler Abdul Razak, who had come during the time of Devaraya One. We had read that Devaraya One had married his daughter. Who did it get done? Please tell me which ruler of Bhavani Kingdom
• 09:00 - 09:30 which we saw yesterday. If we talk about Hampi, it was their capital and Hampi was actually named after Goddess Pampa Devi. Pampa Devi is the local goddess of that place who is compared with Parvati ji. There you will get to see Virupaksha Temple, Virupaksha Temple is two of them, one is in Patta Dhakkal. One is in Dhakkal and the other one is yours here in Hampi.
• 09:30 - 10:00 Now this Patta is from Dhakkal, it was built by Queen Lakkan Queen Lok Mahadevi, it is ok, Queen Lok Mahadevi which is related to Chalukya Dynasty, it has no connection with Vijayanagar, it is related to Chalukya, the one from Hampi is the one, this one is built by Lakkan Dandesha, who built it Lakkan Dandesha and this is from your Vijayanagar, so they were the rulers of Vijayanagar Dynasty. It was their belief that
• 10:00 - 10:30 they were ruling on the Behalf of Virupaksha who is the incarnation of Lord Shiva. Well, the rulers of Vijayanagara Dynasty, their contemporaries knew them as Karnataka, Karnataka Empire, who were their contemporaries, like for example, what were their Bahmanis, their contemporaries means at the same time when they were existing.
• 10:30 - 11:00 The people who were existing around them knew them as Karnataka Kingdom of Jammu. They were also known as Narapati. Keep in mind that these were Narapati, but if you ask who was Ashwapati or Gajapati, who were Ashwapati and Gajapati, then Ashwapati, keep in mind that Ashwapati Ashwa means horse. Those who were from Bahmani Kingdom were known as Ashwapati and those who were Gajapati were not known but the local dynasty that was there in Orissa. The rulers of Hampi
• 11:00 - 11:30 were known by the name of Gajapati. If you are asked who Kudirai Chatti used to be, then keep in mind that those Kudirai Chatti used to be horse traders. Which horse traders used to be then the correct answer will be clear here and about Hampi, keep in mind that it is situated on the banks of it was situated on the banks of Tungabhadra River and Answer will be your option number C
• 11:30 - 12:00 Karnataka will remember so many things after the breakup of the Maha Bahmani Kingdom How many Independent States Today, how many independent states emerged after the disintegration of Bahmani Empire? If we talk about three, six, four or five Bahmani Kingdom, then when was this Bahmani Kingdom formed? It was formed in 1347 AD by Alauddin Bahman Shah. Okay , Alauddin Bahman
• 12:00 - 12:30 Shah then, we saw who shifted its capital from Gulberg to Bidar. Ahmed Wali Shah or Ahmed Shah was the first to shift the capital from Gulberg to Bidar. Which name was given to Humayun Shah? They knew the name of Jalim Lotion, meaning they knew the name of Jalim. Okay, and to whom did Humayun Shah give the title of Master of Ceremonies of Malikut Tatzur? Who was given the title of Malikut Tajzur, then this title was given to Mahmood Gavan, we have seen all these things yesterday and also we have seen that the Bahmani Kingdom
• 12:30 - 13:00 was divided into five states, which are these five states, so five are Berar, Vidar, Bijapur, Golconda. And Ahmednagar now asks here which dynasty was ruling where, okay, so for example, if I talk about Berar, then in Berar, your Imadshahi dynasty was ruling, in Berar, if I talk about Ahmednagar, then Nizamshahi dynasty was ruling, and if I talk about Bijapur,
• 13:00 - 13:30 then Adilshahi dynasty ruled here, Adil Shahi. Qutubshahi in Golconda is fine. Bijapur has happened and Bidar is Bidar. No, yes, if we talk about Bidar , then Barid Shahi is fine in Bidar. Barid Shahi, this Qutubshahi, which is a dynasty, is fine. Take care of this. The four minarets in Hyderabad are those of Quli Qutubshah, who was the founder
• 13:30 - 14:00 of the Qutub Shahi dynasty. He had built them. The four minarets in Hyderabad are fine and what do you say, Gol. Gumbaz is OK, Gol Gumbaz which is the second largest dome structure in the world, it was built by Yusuf Adil Shah, the founder of Adil Shahi dynasty, but the architect in it was named Yaku, OK, it was from Dabul, OK, it was Yakut of Dabul, its architect was Golgumbaz,
• 14:00 - 14:30 the architect was clear, so many things are moving ahead and now we will see further when we read about the Mughals, who captured it? Finally, on Berar, on Bidar, Ahmednagar, Golconda, Bijapur is fine and rest we have seen that Bijapur, Ahmednagar and Golconda, these three together defeated Bag, which we know by the name of Battle of Talikota, Battle of Talikota or the Battle of Rakshasi Tangri, which happened in 1565, in which Vijayanagar
• 14:30 - 15:00 Dynasty was completely destroyed. Vijayanagar Dynasty is yours in the South. It was located there and the Battle of Rakshasi Tangad or the ruler of Talikota at that time was Sadashiv Rao, Bajirao was the first and Bajirao Ballal was the son of, so Bajirao is the first or whose son was Bajirao Ballal? Think about Hindi,
• 15:00 - 15:30 what is Hindi Bhaiya in it ? If there is more than this then I will not be able to do it, should I even speak the name in Hindi? Alauddin Bahman Shah Gulberg, the question is written in Hindi. If you are adamant on that or not, Hindi Hindi, what Hindi should I tell in this, Yaku of Dabul Architect, Architect's Hindi. You are not able to understand. If you want that I will speak in pure Hindi, then that will not happen. Sorry, okay, I will try my best so that Hindi medium
• 15:30 - 16:00 people do not face any problem. Yes, but if you are facing problem then you can leave it. Okay, Bajirao the first and Bajirao Ballal was the son of then whose son was this Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath Raghunath Rao Shivaji or Madhavrao, the correct answer would be here Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, if asked whose son was Bajirao the second then Raghunath Rao who is also known as Raghoba would be the answer, okay he was the son of Raghunath Rao. Bajirao the Second, who is known as Raghoba
• 16:00 - 16:30 and he was the adopted son of Bajirao the Second. Who was his adopted son ? Nana Saheb, who led the 1857 Revolt from Kanpur, Nana Saheb was the adopted son of Bajirao the Second and Bajirao the Second was the son of Raghunath Rao. Bajirao the First is the same whom you might have seen in the movie Bajirao Mastani. This is Bundela in actual, Bundela was the ruler of Bundela,
• 16:30 - 17:00 Chhatrasal is right, Chhatrasal was the ruler of Bundela, he had helped them, right, he fought against the Mughals, right, and he was their daughter, this is right, Bajirao Mastani, and keep in mind that Bajirao was the first, he was one of the greatest rulers, which means that you understand that you have not read the address. You have not read that but you should know this and that is that these two types of people used to levy taxes, one was Chauth and one
• 17:00 - 17:30 was Sardeshmukhi Chauth, they used to collect Chauth, they used to conduct Chauth raids because these people who were Maratha Kingdom Marathas, they were well known for guerrilla warfare. If you have just seen the movie which is made on Sambhaji Maharaj, then you must have seen in it how many small tactics they used, hidden somewhere in the water. They are sitting somewhere in the tree, okay, so this method is called guerrilla warfare technique, where you do a surprise attack on the enemy, so surprise that because their troops used to be small, but still
• 17:30 - 18:00 how did they become so effective because they used to use guerrilla warfare technique, okay , even Bajirao who was the first, he had defeated the Mughals, he attacked Delhi and defeated the Mughals, he just used that thing in that You did not occupy the throne due to some reasons, otherwise you should understand that you had defeated the Mughals. Defeating the Mughals means challenging the sovereignty. Now all that is left is to simply defeat them. So, it is a big thing in itself and only after Shivaji,
• 18:00 - 18:30 he is considered as the one of the greatest ruler meaning Chauth and Sir Deshmukhi. If you keep in mind, then whatever Chauth used to be, this is Chauth. It means 1/4 i.e. 1/4 part of whatever revenue used to come, like for example, they raided a place and defeated him, then they used to collect Chauth from him that brother, give us Chauth otherwise there will be problem, Sardeshmukhi was additional levy of 10%, the one who took additional 10% was Sardeshmukhi and those who took 1/4 part, that was called as Chauth, this thing. Will keep in mind,
• 18:30 - 19:00 okay clear, let's move ahead, which of the following comes under the Union List of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution. Which of the following comes under the Union List of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, the options in front of you are Public Order Establishment of Standards of Vets and Major Hospitals and Dispensaries or Public Health and
• 19:00 - 19:30 Sanitation. So we have seen that there are three lists in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. State Concurrent Raj, Union State and Concurrent subjects are written in it and those subjects are written on the subjects of Union List, only Parliament, on the subject of State List, only State Legislature and Concurrent Pay can be made both. We have discussed this many times, we are not going to discuss it any more, now we
• 19:30 - 20:00 will see which subjects are there in it and what kind of subjects are there. What is the answer now? B, we are not A, A people are wrong. C is wrong, B is the correct answer, Public Order, Hospital, Dispensaries and Public Health and Sanitation are all subjects of the State List, so let me first tell you how many subjects are there in the Union List, after that let us see which subjects are given. Okay, so keep in mind that originally there were 97 at present, there are 100 in the State List. If we talk about it, then
• 20:00 - 20:30 originally there were 66 at present. It is 59 i.e. the number of subjects has decreased, in concurrent it has increased, there were 47 and how many are there now, 52. In the union list, you will see those subjects which are very important and complete. If we see, they have to do with the country, like for example, defence, arms and ammunitions
• 20:30 - 21:00 is fine, atomic energy is fine, these will come to you and citizenship, we had also seen one about this. The article is article number 11 which says that only our Parliament can make laws regarding citizenship. Railways which are related to the whole country will be fine. And what can be your airways, currency
• 21:00 - 21:30 and what can be other than currency. So friend, look, there are 100 subjects like I told but we cannot memorize 100 of all 100 but we can know the base and the crux of it. Interstate migration when between two states. If there is anything related to it, then it is obvious that it cannot be in the state list because if there are two states, then who will make a law regarding that thing, one state cannot make a law, then that is why whatever interest is migration, if you see any interest,
• 21:30 - 22:00 then keep in mind that in the case of interest, you have to tick the union list, okay, if we talk about it in the state list, then your police will come in the state list, health and sanitation is okay, police is done, health is done and in the case of Delhi, the police. It is in the hands of the Centre, take care of Health and Sanitation and Pilgimage is done, Pilgimage is done, your intoxicants are leaked, etc., all this
• 22:00 - 22:30 comes under the State, Library, Burial Grounds are fine. Library, Burial Grounds, all the small things will come here, Fisheries, all these things will be given here. If we talk about which subjects come in the concurrent list, then education comes first among the concurrent ones, yours and insolvency and end bankruptcy, insolvency and bankrupts, marriage and divorces. Remember this
• 22:30 - 23:00 that poor union will not be able to solve marriages and divorces when no one else. If it could be solved , then how can the Parliament and the State Legislature be able to solve it? Then these people said, brother, whoever you feel like making it, it is not a problem, so I kept the list in the concurrent list. Where did we borrow the concurrent list, please tell me, forest comes in this, forest and wildlife is fine, family planning will come in this, family planning, population control,
• 23:00 - 23:30 all this will come in this, yours is fine, trade union, all this is concurrent. The subjects of the list are and are concurrent from where we have taken it We have taken it from the Constitution of Australia We have mentioned it Sixth article of the Constitution makes it clear that DPSPs are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply this principle in making laws Tell which article of the Indian Constitution makes it clear that the Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental in the governance of the country These are fundamental in law and it will be the duty of the state to implement these principles in making laws. 46 37 44
• 23:30 - 24:00 or 40 tell us what all the things we have read about DPSP, then the first thing is that it has been borrowed from Ireland, it is in Part Four of the Constitution, it is in Articles 36 to 51 and they are divided into three parts - Gandhian Socialist and Liberal Intellectual. This bifurcation is somewhere. But there is no mention in the Constitution, we do this classification only according to our reading and DPSPs are of your non-justiciable nature, we should know this,
• 24:00 - 24:30 who called them Conscience of the Constitution, Grandville Austin had said and Katie Shah had said that they are like blank checks payable on the will of the bank, then Karachi Revolutions, we can trace them back, they seek to establish a Welfare State Welfare State They seek to establish social and economic democracy So far we have seen all these things, now we have to see the articles, so the article number is the first thing, which is 36, which I said is from 36 to 51, so the definition of state is given in article 36 and it is written in it
• 24:30 - 25:00 that the meaning of state is the same as it is written in article 12. The definition of state is written in article 12. What is the meaning of State in Part Three of the Constitution i.e. Fundamental Rights, it is written in Article 12, Article 36 says that here also the meaning of State is the same as in Article 12, that is, Parliament will come, State Legislature will come, Central Government will come, State Government will come, which are government bodies, LIC ONGC, all these come under the state, so this is right 36. Article 37 says that whatever
• 25:00 - 25:30 is in our DPSP fundamental governance is fine and the state has to apply all these principles when they are making laws, when they are framing the laws, and this Article 37 itself tells us that these are what they are, how they are of non-justifiable nature, how they are non- justifiable, we see the rest of the articles like Article 39 but before that, pay attention to Article 38. We will keep Article 38 which talks about creating a welfare state,
• 25:30 - 26:00 plus a provision was added to it through 44 Amendment and that was To Minimize Inequality in Income Status, Facility and Opportunity, Facility and Opportunity. This particular provision
• 26:00 - 26:30 was added to Article 38 through 44 Amendment. If we talk about 39, then Article Number 39. One is quite big but we remember it in short like this: LDC goes to PHC . Material Resources: Whatever material resources there are, there should be equal distribution. There should not be concentration of wealth, that is,
• 26:30 - 27:00 the money that is there should not be in the hands of only a few people. D is your A. Sorry, P is D is not P, P is equal pay for equal work for men and women . Given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner i.e. we have to provide opportunities to children so that their development is healthy. It is possible in the manner that article number 39 says 40 41 42 43 43
• 27:00 - 27:30 We will understand what is written in 43A through a story. Understand it easily. In article 39 we read that there is an LDC. Compare LDC with a lower division clerk who works in a public health center. Now what does he have to do? He has to do good to the people. So what did he do? First of all, what did he do? Article Number 39 A, after this 39 will come 39 A. First of all, he provided free legal aid to whom to provide to the poor. What is written in it, To provide free legal aid to the poor, which
• 27:30 - 28:00 can be said in Hindi as Free Legal Aid, Free Legal Aid, Free Legal Aid to whom, for the poor, so what did he do first of all, he provided legal aid to all, so that those who are having disputes, all can be acquitted from the court case. After that, what did he do, he formed the Panchayat, you just have to remember this story, you will remember it all, there is an LDC who goes to PSC and works, he has to do good for the people, so what did he do first of all, because
• 28:00 - 28:30 remember, he was preparing for UPSC, he could not get selection in it, but still his passion is still intact that he has to do something for the people, so he first got the people's cases solved, gave them free legal aid and formed the Panchayat. If done, it is written in it that the state has been given a direction to organize the Panchayat at the village level. Okay, what is this? DPSP, this is one of our non-justiciable rights. These are the directions given to the state that you have to follow these things. Okay, then what is there in 41? What is there in 41? To secure right to work. I am not writing it completely. Okay,
• 28:30 - 29:00 in the notes you will get the complete thing. To secure right to work. Education Public. Assistance in certain matter i.e. just remember this, Right to Work, now after forming the Panchayat, he called the people together, he gave the right to work to the people and only after that they got insured, so here to insure, here I write completely to insure human work conditions, that is, where these workers are working, there should be suitable working conditions, plus at the same time, there should be a concept like maternity relief for the women,
• 29:00 - 29:30 not when they If we talk about motherhood i.e. when she is pregnant or has a baby, then she should get maternity relief at that time. If we talk about it in 43 A, it is written to secure a living wage, that is, to ensure one's livelihood, allowance should be given only to the extent that one can survive. In 43 A, it is to ensure participation of workers in the management of industries. To
• 29:30 - 30:00 ensure participation of workers in management. There should be participation of workers in the management of industries i.e. there should be participation of workers in managing the industries. Let me relate it to you again. There is an LDC who works in PAC. He first provided free legal aid to the poor, formed charity panchayats and gave them the right to work. Then he got them insured
• 30:00 - 30:30 that it is okay that they have got the right to work, but where they are working, are there conditions for working there, whether they get that much money or not. Whether it is there or not and I will be there all the time to take care of the people, so what did he do that brother, whatever is the management, whatever is the management of the company, if any decision has to be taken then there should be participation of workers in it, then by doing 43 A, you can remember all the things in this way. If we talk in 44, then it is about Uniform Civil Code, which we
• 30:30 - 31:00 call Uniform Code of Conduct, Uniform Civil Code i.e. Uniform Code of Conduct i.e. Things will be implemented in the same way for everyone Since Complete Equality is Impossible Dash of the Constitution Deals with the Right to Equity and Equal Protection of Law Subject to Appropriate Classification Equal Protection Subject to Appropriate Okay, it has happened twice, is it okay, so tell me what will be the right answer to it Everyone's right Viplala Aditya Divya Muskaan Rikki Pratiksha Amrit Yes Yes Sir Article 15 So we have seen,
• 31:00 - 31:30 do you remember what was there in Article 15, in Article 15 it was that the state shall not discriminate only on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth, this was the clause one in Article 15, what was the second clause that no citizen, I will not write this, now you have to revise, you are fine, the second clause has no citizen shell only on the ground of religion. Race, sex and place of birth should be subject to any
• 31:30 - 32:00 disability, that is, it is written in the second clause that no one can be prohibited from using shops, public restaurants, hotels, well tanks, bathing guards, then we had seen in the third clause that special provisions should be made to women and children. Equality of opportunity in matters
• 32:00 - 32:30 of public employment This was the same and what was there in the second clause that disc, the first clause was that there should be equality of opportunity, equity of opportunity in public employment, the second clause was that discrimination cannot be done on the same basis of religion, race, caste, place of birth residence and in the third clause, again the exception was there, okay, the exception of the third clause was this 16 If we talk about clause three, then it can be said that
• 32:30 - 33:00 Parliament can make any law and residence can be made an eligibility criterion, for example, if you want to apply for this job, then you should have residence here, there should be residence and end of it, there will be no violation of 16. What is written in the fourth clause, it is written in the fourth clause that special provisions can be made for the backward classes. And there will not be any violation again. You should also keep in mind the clause of Article No. 16. It is written in Article 13
• 33:00 - 33:30 that any law made by Parliament or State Legislature, if it contravenes a fundamental right, then it can be declared null and void. The correct answer to this would be Right to Equity, Article No. 14. Now by the way, when I Article No. Sorry, when by the way, when I When I say right to equality, it means that there are five rights from Article 14 to 18, but what is specifically given in Article 14, there are two things in it, Equality before
• 33:30 - 34:00 law, that is, protection before law, equal protection before law is right, equality before law and one is equal protection of laws, we will call it equal protection of laws, now what does it mean, it means equity. Meaning of Before Law, you must have seen that earlier Lady Justice used to have a blindfold on her eyes, there was a sword, there was a sword, isn't it like this, but what is happening now, do you know that
• 34:00 - 34:30 when DY Chandrachud ji was there, he had removed the blindfold and had given the book of Constitution in his hand, right, to the Justice Lady, so equality before law means all people are equal before the law, it is not that if you are a female, then something else happens to you. Well, but what can we do now, but it is written in the Constitution that it is equal for all, whether it is poor or rich, but
• 34:30 - 35:00 where is equality? It is equal for the rich, it is equal for the poor, it is equal for men and women, that is, everyone is equal before the law, some are not given special protection provisions, if we talk about equal protection of laws, then it says that brother, we cannot treat everyone equally. For example, suppose that as you know, if an 18 plus person commits a crime, then there is a different punishment for the person who is not an adult, if he is 18 minus, there is a different punishment for him, there is a provision, this one
• 35:00 - 35:30 gets less, this one gets more, again why is it so here, there is a violation of right equity or for example, suppose a is a very poor person, he has committed a crime, it is okay and the same crime is committed by a very rich person. For example, let us assume that a person has violated the traffic rules. One person whose monthly income is, let's say, Rs. 10,000 and one whose monthly income is Rs. 10 lakh has violated the traffic rules. Now think, if a fine of Rs. 1 lakh is imposed, then who will be hurt more, if it is Rs. 10,000, then it is obvious that here we cannot treat the same
• 35:30 - 36:00 but. Yes, people of the same group will be treated the same. The meaning of group is that if yours is 10,000, mine is 15,000, someone's is 8,000, then it means that if we belong to the same group, then we will be treated equally. No, like should be treated like, it has been said that equality before law is a negative concept, right and it has been taken from Britain, it is based on the Concept of Rule of Law that rule of law will prevail is okay and this concept was given by AV Dicey Rule
• 36:00 - 36:30 of Law Equal Protection of Laws This is your positive concept, it has originated from USA, this is the thing you have to keep in mind. Okay, the next question is in which layer of atmosphere does the meteorites burn upon entering from space. Meteorites are atmospheric when entering from space. In which layer of the atmosphere do they burn? Tell us about what we saw in detail yesterday. Okay, I have to tell you quickly. Yesterday we saw it in detail.
• 36:30 - 37:00 So, what did we see about the atmosphere yesterday? First of all, we
• 37:00 - 37:30 saw the evolution of the atmosphere. It happened in three stages. The first thing that happened was the loss of the primordial atmosphere which was hydrogen helium. That loss took place in the atmosphere. The second stage was that degassing happened from inside which are gases etc. It came out through magma, through volcanism. The third stage was that which was modification by the living world. There were three stages in the atmosphere. We had seen that it
• 37:30 - 38:00 is an envelope of gases. It makes life possible. It is sustained due to gravity. We had seen the layers. We had seen the troposphere first. What had we read in the troposphere? First let us revise it. Tropos means region of The temperature decreases as the mixing goes up, it is called lapse rate. It decreases by 6.5° Celsius in 1 km or else you remember it, the temperature decreases by 6.5° Celsius in 1 km. Its average thickness is 13 km because it is less at the poles, it is 8 km and at the equator it is 18 km. Why is its height higher at the equator because it is very high here? Convection
• 38:00 - 38:30 currents develop due to excessive heating. It is right here that all the weather phenomena occur. We had read about the troposphere. In the stratosphere, we had read that the temperature decreases as we go higher. Here we get to see the ozone layer up to 50 km. We get to see it here. The jet planes we have here fly and go higher. As we have just seen, the temperature increases which comes above it, that is the mesosphere, which is called the mesosphere. It is the coldest layer and M means mesosphere and M means meteorites get burnt here.
• 38:30 - 39:00 We know thermosphere as ionosphere and it is from here that your radio waves get reflected and come. The temperature decreases while going up in the mesosphere and It increases in the thermosphere or ionosphere, decreases in the troposphere, increases in the statos, then decreases in the mesos, and then increases in the thermosphere, so things go on alternately, then we also saw what is the composition of the gases, then we saw that nitrogen is the highest, 78%, then oxygen is 21% and argon is 0.9% and apart from this, carbon
• 39:00 - 39:30 dioxide is that. 0.036% So you should remember these percentages Tropical cyclones originate over which of the following regions So where are these tropical cyclones originate in which of the following regions So first of all what are cyclones? Well, there are two types of tropical cyclones but we are not going to that difference right now, we are just knowing about cyclones, why does a cyclone come
• 39:30 - 40:00 ? If there are favorable conditions, then the favorable conditions for cyclone are that there should be warm ocean water, it is not that if water collects somewhere near your house, then cyclone will come there. Warm ocean and large sea surface temperature is required, in a way it is okay, low level disturbances, upper air disturbances, wind share, there should be high humidity and the speed of vertical wind should be low, it is okay and Corellis wave. Why should it be like this? Now let's see what happens
• 40:00 - 40:30 that a cyclone comes around a low pressure. Always remember a cyclone comes around a low pressure, an anticyclone builds around a high pressure. It builds around a low pressure. Cyclones and cyclones and anticyclones build around your high pressure. So the low pressure will be in the center then there will be high pressure and high pressure. There will be high pressure all around. What is wind? What is wind? What is wind here? There is low pressure here.
• 40:30 - 41:00 Meaning of low pressure. I told you that wind always blows from high to low. Okay, so to fill this low pressure, wind will blow here from high to low, from high to low. Okay, but now what will happen is that when it blows like this, then the Corellis Force. We had read that it deflects things towards the right. Northern Hemisphere in the Northern Hemisphere . Now we are talking about the Northern Hemisphere, so what will happen to them in this way, this is how they will rotate, but since the vacuum is here, then
• 41:00 - 41:30 what are they doing there, then this vacuum, whatever it is, will pull it here, this vacuum, whatever it is, will pull it here, this vacuum will pull it here, this vacuum will pull it here, so if you see, some kind of movement has taken place, which we call anti-clockwise movement, which we know what Let's say anti-clockwise movement That is to say, cyclones rotate anti-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere they rotate clockwise and just the opposite will happen in the case of anti cyclones, where they will rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the Southern. Your anti cyclones are clear, this much thing which
• 41:30 - 42:00 is the center part of the cyclone, we call it the eye of the cyclone and this Re is Kam region in cyclone. Kam region means that there is no cloud formation here. I means the center of cyclone. So many things are clear there and what kind of cloud is formed here, then keep in mind that cumulonis cloud is formed here. Cumulon nimbus cloud is the cloud
• 42:00 - 42:30 in which there is extensive vertical development. Extensive vertical development. It means that they go to very high altitudes and develop very high altitudes. This is fine, then your tropical cyclone will not come on the Mediterranean Sea because it falls in the temperate region. Tropical cyclones are those which come in the tropics, i.e. between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, Mediterranean. So you can remove it like this.
• 42:30 - 43:00 The answer will be here. What are the differences between Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean cyclones? There are names in different regions of the world, like for example, we know them by the name of Willywilly, they are also known by the name of Typhoon, they are also known by the name of Hurricane, if we talk about Willywilly, that is Willywilly, your one second is
• 43:00 - 43:30 Willywilly, your is Typhoon in Australia, which is South China Sea or you can call it Western Pacific , Western Pacific can be called Pacific and Hurricane. If we talk about whether it is in the Atlantic or the Eastern part of the Pacific, then you have to keep this thing in mind that it is completely
• 43:30 - 44:00 correct and in the Indian Ocean, it is known by the name of Cyclone. In India, it is Willowly Australia, Typhoon Western Pacific or whatever is your part of Japan, Japan China. Let's move ahead and the next question is which of the following determine the color, texture, chemical properties, mineral. Content and Permeability of the Soil: Which of the following determines the soil color, texture, chemical properties, mineral content and other permeability? Options are in front of you,
• 44:00 - 44:30 all the factors which are parent rock, time, relief, climate, okay, all these factors which determine are the factors of soil formation, okay, but you are asking, who determines the texture, then the texture will determine which will be the parent rock, from which rock it is made, like if we red When we talk about soil, the rock it is made of will be of red color because the soil has different horizons. Soil has different horizons.
• 44:30 - 45:00 CB and AC horizons are B horizon and A horizon is C, where we call it bed rock. Where the parent rock is lying, there is semi weathered rock here which is a little broken. I told you about weathering. What is weathering? Weathering is an integral process where there is rock, if it breaks then it is called weathering. If someone carries it like wind water glacier, then we call it erosion, we call it erosion and whatever happens,
• 45:00 - 45:30 it is your top soil. If you can see a layer above it, then we call it O layer. O layer means organic layer where humus will be seen. What is humus, it is dark colored. Amorphous solid compound is dark colored amorphous solid compound. Humus is okay. We will discuss about it in the section on environment. So, it got the texture from the parent rock. Like what you get from your parent, brother, what kind of nose is yours, what is the skin color,
• 45:30 - 46:00 how is the hair, so understand that the thing is coming from the parent rock. Understand that the time that comes from the parent determines the thickness of the soil. It is okay because the soil. It takes many years to form. Okay, so the thickness of the soil determines the relief. What is the meaning of relief? For example, if I talk like, why don't we take ravines as an example? What is ravines? So actually, our Chambal river, what Chambal river does, it performs gully erosion, it cuts away part of the land, we call it gully. Erosion
• 46:00 - 46:30 is fine and because of that gully erosion, ravines are created. Ravine means such a part of land, part of land and this is what we call bad land topography. Okay, bad land topography is a relief in a way, due to which if you see Chambal. The farming done in the areas around is not that good, it is of very poor type. Well, if we see the Western Ghats, or any mountain of yours, if we take the example of the Western Ghats, then what
• 46:30 - 47:00 are moisture laden winds, they rise, form clouds here, there will be a lot of rain here, but here we know that there is no rain, this is called the windward side, this is called the leeward side, there is no rain in this leeward side. So it is obvious that the soil will be of a different type here. Why is it good because of the relief? Climate also determines the formation of soil somewhere. This is also a factor in the formation of soil. If we talk about the study of soil, then we call its study as Pedology. What is Pedology? Next question is Consider the following statement and select
• 47:00 - 47:30 the correct option Marginal Worker and Main Worker. Statements have been given about it, you have to tell me , Ah Raj, son, yes, and Parmar sir, now you must be feeling relieved, after funding, you have got the clause added, son, you are saying scared, if you, if I know, it is okay, if you are selected, you are selected correctly, then you are trembling, son, yes, the court is wrong, if it is wrong, then
• 47:30 - 48:00 it will correct the same, first of all, no one like me or any other teacher has done anything like this, it has nothing to do with any court case, okay, it is okay with us. Teachers also keep discussing the same thing that some students are blaming the teachers who are selected because the teachers have added the clause. So first of all, son, teachers have no role in this, the students are doing the selection separately and it is okay and if you have taken the selection properly then
• 48:00 - 48:30 you are saying trembling. I have to say that why are you so afraid, even if the clause has been added then the court will correct the wrong, if it has been wrong i.e. If those who should have got the selection have not got it, then they will get it and those who got it by mistake will be removed, then it is being right, now your thinking is small, don't you blame any teacher for that, now your thinking is small, brother, we got the job, even if it was done in a wrong way, but our life is not worth it. Okay, and for your comfort,
• 48:30 - 49:00 let me tell you that neither I nor any teacher is involved in this, no teacher is involved in this, some teachers are okay with it. And you people are also blaming, apart from me, there is no one involved, they are doing it on their own, it is okay, they are students, so what is the difference between marginal worker and main worker, marginal worker is also the worker who is employed for less than 183 days, he is employed, he is not unemployed but it is less than 183 days and what does 183 mean by 183 days, 6
• 49:00 - 49:30 months. Well, it is written the same, it is 6 months and if it is more than 6 months, then he will be the main worker. Here 300 days have nothing to do with 183 days. If it is less than 183 then marginal is more then main is ok. So the first one is correct but the second one will be wrong. Here only one is correct and yesterday we had read about different types of unemployment and we understand all the things that we saw about unemployment. Regarding how many types of unemployment are there, then it
• 49:30 - 50:00 is structural. Firstly, it is called structural unemployment. I think we have not seen it. Structural unemployment is the one where there is a skill gap which is the skill demanded by the industry. If you do not have it, then it is called structural unemployment. For example, if a new technology is introduced, then in that case, if someone becomes unemployed, then he We will call it structural unemployment, it is disguised, which we call disguised unemployment, where it is fine, it is fine, disguised unemployment means where
• 50:00 - 50:30 it seems that people are employed but in reality they are not employed. As an example, in agriculture which is our sector, we feel as if five laborers are working, but it is possible that if we remove two of them, then There will be no difference on productivity, so we call it disguised or hidden unemployment. It is not visible but it comes at the time of cyclical recession, as you know right now Donald Trump has imposed tariffs etc. on US and because of that, like Gold Man Sachs, all of them have given this estimation that recession
• 50:30 - 51:00 is going to come soon, so what happens at the time of recession, recession comes like it happened in 2008 . At the time of 208, more countries were affected globally and at that time, most of the people lost their jobs, so it is called recession, it is a cyclical seasonal phenomenon which is seen in agriculture. Is there unemployment in a season or is there no unemployment, okay? And one was our frictional, where when you switch from one job to another, the time period in between, when you are unemployed, we call it frictional unemployment.
• 51:00 - 51:30 Frictional itself is called frictional unemployment, search unemployment or voluntary unemployment. Okay, the next one is which of the The following options best describe the primary cost of the per capita income decline. Which of the following options best describes the primary reason for the decline in per capita income? Tell me quickly. Yes, educated unemployment
• 51:30 - 52:00 is seen in urban areas where people have degrees but do not have employment. They are educated. I told you yesterday, right, so here we are asking what is the primary cost. If the capita income declines, then what is the capita income? But the meaning of capita income is that how much is the total income and how much is the total population, so that is what we call it.
• 52:00 - 52:30 But it is obvious that if the population increases, then the capita income will decrease. Option number B will be the correct answer. Yes, let's come to the question of science and that is biology. Which muscle type of muscles does the uterus iris of the eye and bronchi contain?
• 52:30 - 53:00 So what kind of muscles are present here? In the uterus, eye and bronchus, keep in mind that there are three types of muscles: cardiac, skeletal, smooth, carefully, cardiac, skeletal and smooth, cardiac which is present in your heart, okay, skeletal will be present, part of the body attached to bonus. Wherever the bone is attached, it is okay. The part of
• 53:00 - 53:30 the body attached to the bone and smooth is present. In visceral organs, visceral organs means those which are smooth, so we call it smooth. Smooth muscles are called skeletal and cardiac is called heart. Now what are the differences in this, so the first difference is that in one cell you are getting to see a nucleus, in one there is one in one. One such is that in this also there
• 53:30 - 54:00 is one nucleus in one cell, so we call it Uninucleate, Uninucleate, this is yours, it is uninucleate, this is right, Uninucleate and this is yours, this is your multinucleate, okay , it is multinucleate because in this you are getting to see multiple nuclei in one cell, this
• 54:00 - 54:30 much is clear and if we talk about it here, then it is okay, which one has nucleate stations, which one doesn't, one second okay. So it is done and here you are getting to see these light and dark shades,
• 54:30 - 55:00 these are called striations so they are of striated nature, okay striated, this is also striated because in this also you are getting to see striations and in this you see there are no striations, no lines like this are being seen, okay so we call it unstriated, there is a third difference which is that which is voluntary. Which is involuntary, then you tell me, you can contract and relax the muscles of your heart, you can do all this, if you can't do it,
• 55:00 - 55:30 then it is of involuntary nature, that is, it is not under your control. Similarly, our visceral organs are where they are present. These are the things that come in the visceral organs: your bronchi, your intestines, your intestines, your stomach, so do all these work under your control, did your intestines become intestines? Stomach is not done, digestion works on its own, all this happens on its own. What is the function of iris etc.? Well, we have not seen it yet. It is like an iris, so it controls our people. People, you know, pupil, all these
• 55:30 - 56:00 things work on their own. So now we have not seen the function, we will see further but we will know that everything works on its own. These are also not in our control, they are involuntary, but where the bones are present, they are required to do so. Skeletal muscles are called they are of your voluntary nature. For example, I have bicep muscles, so I can contract them whenever I want. I can relax them. Okay, so it is skeletal. So the answer will be here. Option number A is smooth muscles. 14th is the motion of an object is dash if its velocity is constant. The motion of an object is dash if its velocity is constant. Is it only
• 56:00 - 56:30 accelerating, only decelerating, non-uniform or uniform? Tell me quickly , what is the speed of an object. If the velocity is constant, sir, then the meaning of acceleration is what is acceleration, what is acceleration, what is acceleration, change in velocity, change in velocity and in how much time did this change take place? That is called acceleration, acceleration change in velocity/time. We
• 56:30 - 57:00 can write it like this, DeltaV/t. Now velocity is constant. If DeltaV is zero, then acceleration cannot happen. And decelerating means negative acceleration. In a way, that too will not happen because the velocity is not changing. This is called uniform motion. Option number D. We will quickly tell you what is the unit of velocity and
• 57:00 - 57:30 we will also quickly tell you what is the unit of acceleration and you should know about what is a uniform circular motion. What happens in uniform circular motion? Keep in mind that in uniform circular motion, the speed that happens is constant. Speed ​​is constant and the velocity that happens keeps on changing. You are seeing something about the velocity at every point. In this way, it will keep changing at every point because if any thing is in uniform circular motion at every point, then its direction
• 57:30 - 58:00 will keep changing and the velocity, whose unit is meter per second, is a vector quantity. Those things which depend on things , we call them vector quantity and scalar , those are those which depend only on magnitude. For example, speed is your scalar, s is speed and s is
• 58:00 - 58:30 scalar, v is vector and v is velocity, like if I talk about distance and displacement, then distance is yours, it is your scalar, but the displacement is your displacement, which is Hindi. Let's say displacement, that is your vector, what kind of vector is your vector, what is the unit of acceleration, second square per meter, this will also be your vector quantity, now because there is a change in velocity, that is why it is happening, see, speed is constant, it means do you know what
• 58:30 - 59:00 is the magnitude, like if we say second at 10 meter, second at 5 meter, second square at 5 meter, what is the speed, but if I add the component of direction in it, then I will say velocity. It will happen because here the direction is changing at every point, so the velocity will also change due to which acceleration will come and if it asks you where that acceleration is directed, then it is directed towards the center, it will be directed towards the center and it is called centripetal acceleration, the formula of which is v² / r. Your centripetal force will also be acting inwards,
• 59:00 - 59:30 which we call centrifugal force, right. Speed ​​is constant in this uniform circular motion. Keep this thing in mind. Velocity is changing because direction is changing at every point, hence which dance form is associated with Natwari dance. Which dance form is Natwari dance related to? Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi or Kathakali and one more thing brother, all the same, if anyone is here, a Parmar sir's disciple or Prabhu
• 59:30 - 60:00 RRB. For NTPC Current Affairs, please tell me one more request, you give the questions of PYQ Part Five of the quiz which is done on Telegram . Well, how many people agree on getting the questions of PYQ Part Four, which is the quiz group of us where we do quizzes on daily basis, we and brothers, those who have doubts about the notes of PYQ series, whatever query-very was there, then you can give it. Get resolved, you will not have any problem, now
• 60:00 - 60:30 you will get proper notes in the notes, okay, we have hired a very good person, and he is quite a good person, we will make proper notes now and you will not have any problem, okay, in the notes, which dance form is associated with Natwari dance, if we talk to Natwari, then Kathak option number A will be the correct answer, Kathak, we had seen Katha, story, okay, story, its meaning and also dance of story tellers. Let's say where is the Dance of Story Teller from?
• 60:30 - 61:00 You know it is from UP and this is the only classical dance which is based on Hindustani music. Hindustani Yes, one thing that I was asking is that we are fine. One thing that I was asking is that if anyone here is a Hindi medium student who wants to do a little bit of work is okay with us then he can tell in the query number. Okay and there are some requirements. The requirement is that
• 61:00 - 61:30 he has given the mains exam this time and marks are above 300 in athletics, which means he has got decent marks. If he is above 300, then it is preferable, that is, it should be fine, don't just say no, sir, we have to do it, we have to do it. It has to be done in this way, not like this, then now you will be blocked, right ? Agree, you can include, okay, okay, everyone is agreeing. Okay, Agri, Agri, Agri, Agri, Sir, if PYQ is done only after part five, then revision will be done. Yes, we
• 61:30 - 62:00 are right, okay, and yes, whatever Parmar sir's disciple had said, for current affairs, let's watch the current affairs for NTPC, a little. Our people will also have to do current affairs. The reason for this is that there is news of vendor change. If there is a vendor change, then I had told you that then we will have to do current affairs. We will also have to do current affairs. This means there will be unemployment in this work also. Brother, it should be a proof reader of Hindi and preferably, that means we need a well-mannered
• 62:00 - 62:30 person. He should be of Hindi medium. That's fine, then you can see, you can send him a number, but please only you know this much. It must be that you are absolutely fine, how is it, not like this, Hi Sir, we have to work like this, tell us a little bit so that they hire you like this because many people say hi hello like this, okay, well, the story is Dance of Tros Trailer and this is the only classical dance which is based on Hindustani music, there is Hindustani music and
• 62:30 - 63:00 there is Carnatic music, there is Carnatic music which is the music of South India, I will write all the things here, right? Carnatic music, well, earlier teachers of our people did not make us write, write son and think, that was the period after lunch, I used to feel sleepy brother, in that I am writing normally, I am sleeping, amazing carnatic music, so is carnatic music still here, let's leave it, let's
• 63:00 - 63:30 move on to carnatic music, the music of South India is kinetic music, South India means Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka , Andhra and Telangana, these are the states here. The music that is played is Kantik music, Mohini Attam, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, all this is based on Kantik music, you go there, Manipuri and the Satriyas who
• 63:30 - 64:00 are from North East, they have their own music, Osa's Odissi, Hindustani music, which is your Kathak, take a little care and what are the three gharanas of Kathak, okay, which are the three gharanas, Lucknow, Jaipur and Banaras, okay Banaras. If we talk about Lucknow then Ishwari Prasad
• 64:00 - 64:30 Ishwari Prasad If we talk about Jaipur then Bhanu ji means this is the founder Ok who is the founder of which gharana If we talk about Banaras then Janaki Prasad Janaki Prasad Keep this thing in mind Remember like this, if you eat God's Prasad then you will get luck Okay and like Natwari dance stands for what Natwari dance means Dance of Krishna This is the dance of UP This Natwari dance is fine If we are from UP And if we talk about folk dance,
• 64:30 - 65:00 then let's talk about it, then there are dances of UP like Nautanki are done a lot, people of UP do not take it to heart, we are also from UP, Nautanki Khayal Charkula Rasleela and that's it, okay, what are the folk dances of UP? Well, keep this thing in mind that the last Nawab of Awadh, that is Wajid Ali Shah, that
• 65:00 - 65:30 means the last Nawab of Awadh was the patterned Kathak itself. Used to perform Gharehi is the folk dance which of the following in the state Ghui Where is the dance of Bengal, Himachal, Karnataka or Jharkhand, we are from West Bengal, brother Gautam Gambhir used to be the captain of his KKR, na Corborbo Jeet speaking,
• 65:30 - 66:00 Gambhir dance bowl dance is fine and what else can be Gambhir ball will be only from Himachal, your Gharehi will be from Himachal and what else will we be, Nata Chhora Aman to Nata to Nati Dance from Chora to Jhora Dance, so this is Down happens very quickly,
• 66:00 - 66:30 okay now, short boy, Aman is okay, Aman will not be considered bad, Dhaman is okay, sitting on the bull, wearing the demon's cloak, okay, then Rakshas dance, which is also known as demon dance, take care, demon dance is okay, Cholamambam dance from the cloak, what are you doing with the cloak, what are you doing splashing , okay, then Chapeli dance will be done, you see, I
• 66:30 - 67:00 have found a trick for you right out of the quiver. But sometimes now you people don't appreciate this thing, only the pain is due to that, well, no one above will see everything. When we come to Karnataka, we have to remember what is in Karnataka like this, there is a boy by doing Yash, okay and you are telling him, Yash said, reduce it, you guys are okay, then it will be done with Bola, it is Bolak Bolak, it is done with less BOLA, work, work, work, why dance, otherwise,
• 67:00 - 67:30 what will happen, dolls will come, dolls will come. How will Dolukonita come? Will she come as a ghost? Ghost worshiping ghost. Aradhana and she will come in the form of ghosts and will destroy all your bravery. And Gauri Humbaba is ok. Gauri Gauri Humbaba GombiHabba Hubba is ok. Gauri Habba Gombi Hubba. All these are from the same place. It is ok for you,
• 67:30 - 68:00 so you will remember. Yaksh will come and say less, you have to remember like this. Doll will come in the form of a ghost and will destroy all your bravery in this way. What is Jharkhand's name, let's write here the Ah of Jharkhand. Chhau is Chhau, right? I told you that there are three types of Chhau. Seraikela is Purulia and Mayurbhanj. Mayurbhanj is from Osa and Purulia is your Seraikela from West Bengal and this Seraikela is from
• 68:00 - 68:30 Jharkhand. Paika is a little martial dance type. Paika is Fagua. Where are all these from Jharkhand? Which Vitamin Deficiency Causes Rickets? Deficiency of which Vitamin causes Rickets? This question son has been placed here with a purpose so that I can tell you that today I got my blood taken out early in the morning for Vitamin D test.
• 68:30 - 69:00 What will be the answer? Vitamin D is okay because for a long time I was experiencing mood swings. You will also be experiencing it. Okay now as I feel like you. If I shake with force, I am fine, like if I shook some people, then he was experiencing mood swings, he was having a lot of pain in the back, so after taking all these things in the joints, he was getting a lot of pain in the neck, then one day aunty told me to get tested for Vitamin D, so today I got my blood drawn, now let's see, the results will be announced today in the evening, tomorrow the results will be shared with you,
• 69:00 - 69:30 so the answer will be Vitamin. D Now if we talk about vitamins, then vitamins were discovered by Casmir Funk in 1912. Who actually discovered it? Cashmir Funk, we will not say that naming was done, okay, naming was done and we can classify vitamins into two parts, one is called water soluble, water soluble vitamins which are BC, okay and one is
• 69:30 - 70:00 in your fat soluble fat. Soluble ones which are worm, ok worm, Vitamin K, Vitamin E, Vitamin D, Vitamin A, A, B, C, D. Our vitamins are named after the alphabet, Vitamin A was first discovered, then it was named Vitamin A, then B, then C, then D. This is how the discovery was made. Yes, nothing has happened to Kannada people, nothing has happened to Kannada too. All the best for
• 70:00 - 70:30 results. Yes, yes, thank you, thank you. What is the meaning of mood? I am also having swings. Good mood swings, as if I saw someone's comment, it is okay, it seems as if I am in full swing, as if I see someone in front of me, if someone says even a little thing, then I feel like I have to fight. I am immediately feeling like this. For the last few days, I have been controlling myself enough, so again Vitamin D is not responsible for this, so BC and worm will remember this. Now let us see what they say. We are leaving brother B and B now because B. There is one special case of ours, we will deal with it separately
• 70:30 - 71:00 here, otherwise here we will see their scientific names and what diseases are caused due to deficiency. Okay, here, if we talk about Vitamin A, then what is it called? Is it called Retinol? You cannot see at night, neither is Retinol nor any other disease. If you get any disease, then you get xeropathy. Due to this, whatever problem you have in your eyes, Vitamin C starts happening. We are not looking at B now
• 71:00 - 71:30 because B is very big, we will see it later. If we talk about Vitamin C, its name is ascorbic acid and when we boil things, it is okay and if there is Vitamin C in it, it gets lost. Okay, on boiling, it becomes scurvy, that is, it is called a skin disease, or it means that there will be rashes in the skin, there will be a problem of bleeding gums, okay, bleeding gums. If we talk about Vitamin D, then it is called as
• 71:30 - 72:00 calciferol and it will cause the problem of rickets. Brother, I do not have rickets. Rickets is fine. Rickets happens to small children, very small children, it happens to older people. Is Osteomalacia okay? Their bones become soft or if there are pores in the bone, then it is called osteoporosis. If we talk about Vitamin E, then tocopherol is okay. Antisterility from tocopherol and E. If we talk about anti sterility and case,
• 72:00 - 72:30 then your phylloquinone is fine and due to its deficiency, your blood does not clot. Don't think that blood clotting starts happening. It should be. It is a good thing but if there is a deficiency of K then it does not happen. That is the problem. Okay Jeevesh son, improve yourself, no, you will get beaten a lot. Come on, brother sir, then just give it a beating. Now you are thinking, friend, just give it to someone. If the Vitamin D test is correct and there is no deficiency of Vitamin D, then I will give it. Then
• 72:30 - 73:00 I will understand that the demon inside me has awakened now and whatever evil energy that demon has, that is negative energy. Demon energy, I will have to pacify him, for that I will sacrifice someone or the other, if I go in the night, then this is what will happen, then because of this, do not expect to meet me at all, if anyone has such a desire, because then if the negative energy inside me awakens, then you yourself should not
• 73:00 - 73:30 be sacrificed. Which of the Following Novels was written by George Orwell, then which of the following? The novel is written by George Orwell Brave New World Fahrenheit 451 Animal Farm If a Pride and Prejudice then it is It is It is it It is Animal Farm by George Orwell Who has read this Is it anyone here Who has read this I have read a little I have not read much but yes okay and this is Jane Austen's This is Jane Austen's This is Pride and
• 73:30 - 74:00 Prejudice Yes yes so according To Census of India 2011 What is the gap between male and female literacy rate in India? So what is the gap? First of all, what is the literacy rate? It asks you the question. How much is the index literacy rate? If it asks, then the literacy rate is anyone aged seven and above whose age is seven or above and can read and write, can read, can write in any of the Language in any
• 74:00 - 74:30 language, we call it literate, it is fine and according to 2011, India's literacy rate was 74.04%, in which if we talk about male literacy rate, it will be 82.14% and if we talk about female literacy rate, it will be 65.46%, if we find the difference, then this much will come out, similarly, you should be rote to find the difference, you will not sit there, you should be rote, 2001 If we talk about
• 74:30 - 75:00 what was the literacy rate then it was 65.38% literacy rate and if the literacy rate was 65.38% in the first census after independence in 1951 then it was 18.33% then if you ask highest and lowest highest lowest state and UT is ok then which state is the
• 75:00 - 75:30 highest if the state asks then it is Kerala Sir how much is 94% right now almost Kerala has reached 100% sir, sir, that is why it is said that if we talk about the lowest in the state, then who will be the lowest in the state, but before that, let us look at the UT, Lakshadweep, Lakshadweep, how much is it, about 91.9%, it is okay, in the lowest, if we talk about Bihar, it is around 61.4%, okay, and if
• 75:30 - 76:00 we talk about the lowest in the UT, then it is Dadra Nagar and Haveli, because the people of Haveli belong to them. There is no connection with studies, just come to the mansion, come to the mansion, people keep calling in the mansion and that is why now the population growth is highest in Dadar Nagar Haveli, now if you call in the mansion, then well you can understand the further things, now what should we tell you further, you
• 76:00 - 76:30 are already so intelligent or not, otherwise where will you be interested in studies, let's move ahead. The last question is in which of the following sports is the given? Shake hand ok Shake hand ok Grip used Very objectionable type You are not finding this keyword Well in which of the following sports shake hand grip is used Badminton Squash Cricket or Table Tennis So we use it in table tennis and I have also played table tennis Okay, you are associated with table tennis only, by the way, it is also there in tennis Your four handed back hand is ok,
• 76:30 - 77:00 it is four handed, it is back hand What do you have all these in? In table tennis, what did we see in badminton? What is the net height? It is 5 feet. In the center, it is 5 feet 1 inch. In badminton, we saw that there are three types of cards. Yellow is that brother, you have been given a warning. Black is okay, sorry. Then, red is okay. Brother, again warning for misconduct. After two yellow cards were given. Black then you will be removed ok crude birth rate
• 77:00 - 77:30 hum hum hum but no no no shake hand grip if asked then table tennis will be the answer ok then keep 5 feet in mind ok yes bad good that four hand back hand you will talk about yes that also happens in badminton in badminton we had seen some trophies like when did we see Thomas when did we see Uber ok when did we see Narang which is from badminton only Associated are one player from Squash. Associated are two whose names
• 77:30 - 78:00 You should know that these two are female players, one is Deepika Pallikal who is the wife of Dinesh Karthik and the other is Anahat Singh who is in the news a lot and keeps making some records etc. because Anahat Singh is of very young age, so what we had read yesterday about cricket, how many inches is the wicket which is 28 inches. If we talk about cricket, then the weight of the ball ranges from 159 to 163 grams minimum, 159 maximum. 163 Grams How was India's performance in cricket? Won the World Cup in 1983. ODI World Cup has
• 78:00 - 78:30 been won in 2011 and T20 World Cup has been won in 2007 and 2024. When have we hosted? If we won in 1983 then after 4 years we hosted in 1987. Hosted in 1996. Hosted in 2011 and 2023. 2023 was hosted solo; before that, Bangladesh or Pakistan had jointly hosted with them. We played the first ODI match of cricket between England and Australia at MCC Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971. The first Cricket World Cup was held in 1973 for women and in 1975 for men.
• 78:30 - 79:00 This is the end of today's lecture and you will quickly comment and tell us how much you scored in 20. We, son Himanshu, you don't watch ours, watch yours, son. It's okay with the selection, there is no need to worry about us, you look at yourself,
• 79:00 - 79:30 how many have we come, brother Marks has come quickly, 18, okay
• 79:30 - 80:00 , that's right, and you will get the notes here, if you go to the courses section, the rest PDF is freely available, you can go to Parmar SSC which is Telegram, you can take it, okay, you can take notes on Parmar SSC Telegram channel, okay, that means notes, not PDF, rest, you can go to the courses section and take notes, okay 16
• 80:00 - 80:30 20 Why won't there be a D in 12? Best describe the primary cause. What is the primary cause? Okay, so the primary cause is increase in the population growth. Okay, how many out of 25 are safe? There is no such thing, Sumanth, that brother, if you do so much, you will be safe. It also depends on the paper, that is, those who are on the relatively
• 80:30 - 81:00 easier side, those who are on the moderate side, those who are on the tough side, S. True, one cannot sit the exam with a rigid mindset. Whether or not we came in 25 thinking that we will definitely do 20, it depends , but now as per what is your opinion, ah, today, the competition has increased, it is okay in GK also, according to that, you will have to teach few attempts, so you will have to practice that thing in mocks and for that you know, we provide shining PTS, you are seeing shining PTS, it is shining from here too from here and From here, enjoy this glittering PTS,
• 81:00 - 81:30 enjoy it, Saturday Sunday is free, rest of the tests are done by paying 79 rupees, you are going to do all the tests and how and what tests are going on. Sir, Establishment of Weights and Measures will come in your union, okay, only Weights and Measures Mention has not been asked from you there, it is okay because the rest are given there, Public Health and Sanitation, Public Order, I think the hospital was given, hardly it was given. Neither are all of them included in the subject of your state list, so they
• 81:30 - 82:00 cannot be there under any circumstances, okay sir, how much are your biceps son, I have never measured them, yes sir, you have increased the competition, so it is us, we have increased it, so we are the ones who are telling, now okay, you will have to increase the number of attempts
• 82:00 - 82:30 and how to do that, I will tell you okay , Shivam Sharma is writing, you read girls' messages in 2 minutes and Shivam's. I spent 2 minutes reading the message, so tell me who is Shivam, everyone will tell the gender of Shivam , let's go brother, I want to visit Patna, okay fat man, little
• 82:30 - 83:00 boy, he will come soon, okay, he will come soon, he will come soon, let's go brother, thank you, see you tomorrow at the same time, thank you.