Industrial Fishing Methods, Tööstuslikud kalapüügiviisid ENG

Estimated read time: 1:20

Summary

This video explores the rich history and diverse methods of industrial fishing in Estonia. It covers various fishing techniques employed throughout Estonian waters, highlighting the evolution from traditional methods to modern practices under regulated quotas. Techniques like net fishing, trawling, trap nets, and long lines are detailed, emphasizing their roles in the local and industrial fishing sectors. The video underscores both the advancements in fishing gear and the need to preserve and protect fish resources for future generations, showcasing the importance of sustainable and cooperative fishing practices.

Highlights

Estonia's coastline and inland waters have been central to its fishing culture. 🏞️
Fishing cooperatives emerged in the late 19th century, organizing local fisherman. 🤝
Gill nets, used in coastal areas, are effective but require careful handling. 🎣
Trawling involves sophisticated equipment and is used for mid and bottom water fish. 🚤
Trap nets provide a sustainable way to catch fish by guiding them into traps. 🌍

Key Takeaways

Estonia has a long fishing tradition, crucial for coastal communities' livelihoods. 🌊
Fishing evolved from local cooperatives to industrial methods during the Soviet era. ⚓
Net fishing is a primary technique, using gill, trap, and seine nets. 🐟
Trawling helps catch herring and sprat, guided by echosounders. 📡
Sustainable practices and scientific cooperation are key for the future of fishing. 🐠

Overview

Estonia's fishing history is as diverse as its waters, boasting a reputation long upheld by various methods suited to different aquatic environments. From traditional shorelines to intricate inland waterways, the nation's fishing practices underscore both a cultural heritage and economic necessity. As the 19th century drew to a close, Estonian fishermen banded together in cooperatives, laying the groundwork for today's organized efforts to harvest the rich marine life the area is known for.

Fishing techniques have evolved significantly, particularly during the Soviet era, where emphasis on meeting quotas led to mass harvest strategies. Tools like gill nets, known for their discreet mesh quality, catch fish without alarming them but require specific placement and maintenance to ensure effectiveness. In deeper waters, trawling remains a crucial industrial tool; guided by electronic echosounders, it targets shoals of fish, using large funnel-shaped nets to maximize output.

Modern Estonian fishing thrives on technology and tradition, balancing both industrial potential and sustainability concerns. While trap nets and other conventional methods have given a nod to environmental considerations, the real push forward lies in collaboration with scientific communities to monitor and preserve fish stocks. This blend of innovation with tradition shelters not only current fishermen's livelihoods but also ensures that future generations will have the bounty of the waters to enjoy.

Chapters

00:00 - 02:30: Introduction and Historical Context The chapter titled 'Introduction and Historical Context' begins with an overview of Estonia's geographical features, highlighting its approximately 3,800 km of coastline. It mentions significant bodies of water such as Lake Bapy, Lake Wer, the Amayi river, and the Narva river, and notes the presence of many smaller inland bodies of water.
02:30 - 05:30: Fishing Methods: Gill Nets This chapter discusses the historical significance of fishing in the development of culture and nation in Estonia. It highlights how fishing has served as a primary livelihood for communities living near water bodies, supporting their economic and social well-being, including housing, education, and future security. The chapter also touches upon the establishment of fishing cooperatives in Estonia at the turn of the 20th century.
10:00 - 18:00: Fishing Methods: Trawling Trawling, a fishing method, traditionally involved mainly men from a particular village, organized into three or four boat crews. Despite being called fishermen societies, these cooperatives were made up of professional fishermen, aligning with the modern understanding of the term.
18:00 - 23:30: Fishing Methods: Trap Nets The chapter 'Fishing Methods: Trap Nets' discusses the historical and organizational development among fishermen during the Soviet period.
22:00 - 26:00: Fishing Methods: Eel and Smelt Nets The chapter discusses fishing methods specifically focusing on eel and smelt nets during a transition period. It highlights how, during this time, mass fishing was conducted both from the sea and inland bodies of water. The primary objective was to fulfill Soviet harvest quotas. This activity took place during a transitional phase when Estonia was regaining independence.
30:00 - 35:00: Fishing Methods: Seine Nets The chapter discusses the use of seine nets in fishing, particularly within the context of Estonian fisheries. It highlights the transition period after the Soviet era, wherein old regulations were obsolete and new ones were not yet established, leading to challenges in managing fish resources. The situation improved when Estonia joined the European Union, as control over fish resources was restored and scientific assessments were reintroduced to ensure sustainable fishing practices.
36:00 - 38:00: Protection and Preservation of Fish Resources The management of fish resources is guided by catch limits developed based on international quotas. These quotas are informed by data gathered through monitoring activities of fish stocks. One prevalent method of fishing in both coastal and inland waters involves the use of nets, known as gill nets in particular.
35:30 - 37:00: Recreational and Long-Line Fishing The chapter titled 'Recreational and Long-Line Fishing' delves into the specifics of gil nets, traditionally used by professional fishermen. The use of these nets involves fish getting entangled or wedged in the mesh. Modern gil nets are made from monofiber, akin to horse hair. The positioning of these nets, whether in the upper, middle, or bottom layers of water, depends on the swimming level of the targeted fish species.
37:00 - 38:00: Future of Fishing and Sustainability The chapter explores the future of fishing and the importance of sustainability. It discusses the placement of gil nets in the lowest layer of the water to catch fish primarily from the coastal sea. The effectiveness of these nets depends on their visibility to fish and the tension in the net's thread. Loosely arranged nets tend to allow fish to pass through, while tightly knit meshes can deter fish. Additionally, the fineness of the net thread plays a crucial role in ensuring that fish do not detect and avoid the nets.

Industrial Fishing Methods, Tööstuslikud kalapüügiviisid ENG Transcription

00:00 - 00:30 [Music] there are approximately 3,800 km of Coastline in Estonia we also have Inland bodies of water lake bapy and Lake wer the amayi river and the narva river these and many many smaller Inland
00:30 - 01:00 bodies of water have played a significant role in the development of our country nation and culture throughout history fishing has been the main source of livelihood for those who live on the water's edge fishing has helped us to build houses educate our children and create a secure future for our families the first Estonian fishing cooperatives were set up at the end of the 19th the beginning of the 20th
01:00 - 01:30 century these consisted mainly of men from one given Village and three or four boat Crews though the cooperatives were called fishermen societies they were constituted of professional fishermen in the modern sense [Music]
01:30 - 02:00 due to the development of more effective fishing gear increases in catches and the development of a national catch plan fishermen formed larger structures power liing Collective action was the slogan under which Collective organizations of fishermen were constituted during the Soviet period
02:00 - 02:30 during this period random Mass catches were made from the sea and Inland bodies of water emphasis was placed on simply fulfilling the Soviet Harvest quote in the 9s during the transition period when Estonia regained her
02:30 - 03:00 independence though rules from the Soviet period no longer functioned in the fishing industry but new ones hadn't been created yet either because of the random nature of fishing no overview of Estonian fish resources existed when Estonia joined the European Union the situation changed control over fish resources was restored and the assessment of fish resources was once again carried out by scientists
03:00 - 03:30 catch limits have been developed on the basis of international quotas pursuant the data collected through the monitoring of fish [Music] resources one of the most common catch methods in our Coastal sea and Inland water bodies is net fishing fishing nets are also So-Cal Gil Nets fishing with
03:30 - 04:00 Gil Nets has always been considered the domain of professional fishermen the principle behind Gil Nets involves fish getting entangled in the net or becoming wedged in the mesh today's gear is made from monofiber roughly resembling horse [Music] aair the depth at which Nets are placed depends on whether the fish are swimming in the upper middle or bottom layers of
04:00 - 04:30 the water since fish caught from the coastal sea tend to stay in the lowest layer of the water that's where Nets are placed the catch properties of Gil Nets depend on whether the net is visible to the fish and how tense the net thread is when fish notice a Loosely arrayed net they try to pass through it while tense mesh makes fish cautious the reaction of fish also depends on the visibility of the giln net thread the thread should be SU fine
04:30 - 05:00 that fish don't notice it but it also needs to be strong enough that it won't break when the catch is hauled in the net is deployed from the boat and moves slowly forward across the underwater contour lines as fish usually swim along the contour lines Nets are put in place with anchors once an anchor has been dropped into the water a boy is tied to it several Gil Nets connected to one another are called a line of net at the
05:00 - 05:30 end of the net line another boy is dropped in and tightened with a trip line the net Line's end boy is dropped with the symbol of the owner of the fishing gear and details about his fishing rights [Music]
05:30 - 06:00 ice fishing isn't merely a hobby of Anglers fishing with a line and hook but the everyday work of fishermen at Lakes PSY and verer where fish are caught with Gil Nets in Winter fish are drowsy sleeping more and moving around near the bottom ice fishing begins when the surface of the water freezes over and continues for as long as the ice condition are suitable
06:00 - 06:30 light
06:30 - 07:00 for spe [Music]
07:00 - 07:30 for [Applause] [Music] e
07:30 - 08:00 [Music] you me no don't give me a know
08:00 - 08:30 for for spee
08:30 - 09:00 fore for fore
09:00 - 09:30 [Music] [Music]
09:30 - 10:00 fore
10:00 - 10:30 in the Baltic Sea midwater p magic as well as demersal meaning bottom trolls
10:30 - 11:00 are used these work on the principle that fish are directed into the troll bag trailing behind a ship in Estonian Waters it's mainly Baltic Herring and Sprat that are caught with trolls an echosounder is an important tool of troll fishing it indicates the water layers in which fish holes are swimming the troll is deployed on the basis of the echosounder depth indications
11:00 - 11:30 a troll net is fishing gear in the shape of a funnel pulled behind a boat consisting of towing wires troll boards and cables connecting them with the gear Wings the body of the net and the Cod end the task of the boards is to keep the troll open the middle part of the gear is made of a large mesh net and a Cod end of a small meshnet that fish can't swim through the moving net wall
11:30 - 12:00 scares the fish and the school that tries to escape is gathered into the ever narrowing part of the gear from there tired fish finally end up in the Cod [Music] end a trap net is another form of fishing gear widely used all over the world traps can be left on the bottom for a long time without removal from the water
12:00 - 12:30 the pot is checked constantly in order to remove living fish trap Nets can be located in a place where it's impossible to use other types of fishing gear trap Nets are like fish traps fish swim into them easily but it's difficult for them to get out an industrial trap net uses complex traps that are hundreds of M long [Music]
12:30 - 13:00 a typical trap net consists of a net wall extending from the bottom to the surface this is called the leader the leader directs fish Into the Heart of the Trap the v-shaped wings of the heart don't allow fish to find an exit and direct them towards the mouth of the Trap the mouth and body of the Trap net
13:00 - 13:30 are joined by a narrowing tunnel round or quadrangular structural elements keep the body of the Trap net open in the body there are funnels fish that can't find their way back move towards the pot and finally get caught in it trap Nets are classified as either pelagic or fik Nets depending depending on their placement depth the cut off
13:30 - 14:00 point is 3 m pelagic Nets are used when the water is deeper than 3 m
14:00 - 14:30 fore
14:30 - 15:00 [Music] for
15:00 - 15:30 for say
15:30 - 16:00 fore spee speee [Music]
16:00 - 16:30 [Music] fik Nets are used in a manner similar to pelagic nets for fishing in the sea as well as in Lakes while the minimum catch depth of pelagic Nets is 3 m Fike Nets are used in shallower waters fore
16:30 - 17:00 fore fore [Music]
17:00 - 17:30 Coastal fishermen who fish alone on the sea prefer simple trap Nets that can easily be handled from a rowboat
17:30 - 18:00 [Music] [Music] the the pound net or kakami is a passive
18:00 - 18:30 fishing device originating from Japan the kakami was brought to Estonia in 1938 from the Far East this turned out to be an exceptionally efficient form of fishing gear and remains in use a pound net is the largest fish trap that stays in the same place for the entire season it consists of the leader the heart with its v-shaped wings the path one or two funnels and the open topped pot the path that starts from the
18:30 - 19:00 heart directs fish from the funnel which is situated several meters higher to the spacious Fish Box pound Nets are used when fishing for Baltic herring in springtime this is a traditional and environmentally friendly form of fishing gear compared to the regular trap net it's possible to catch larger numbers of fish with a pound net
19:00 - 19:30 there is more oxygen in the spacious fish box which has an effect on the quality of the catch it's easier to empty a pound net fishing with a pound net is one of the most efficient methods of [Music] all pound nuts are also used for catching garfish garfish are the most active travel Travelers of Estonian fish
19:30 - 20:00 it's the only fish species that migrates regularly between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in Winter during Christmas time they live in the North Sea during spring and Autumn they visit the Baltic Sea to spawn [Music]
20:00 - 20:30 when the fishing season is over pound Nets are taken out of the water then they're cleaned repaired and prepared for the next season
20:30 - 21:00 for no on it the
21:00 - 21:30 for spee [Music]
21:30 - 22:00 said [Music]
22:00 - 22:30 [Music] [Music] people began fishing for eel more widely along the coastal areas and from Inland water bodies at the beginning of the
22:30 - 23:00 20th century when eel could be marketed as a delicacy in cities and abroad Estonian peasants didn't usually use this snake-like fish for food at the beginning of the 20th century soap was boiled down from eels on the island of Sara in the 1970s eel tended to be caught more from internal bodies of water mainly from lake verer eels are caught with a trap called the eel
23:00 - 23:30 fight eel traps are small traps without wings consisting of two low frames placed opposite to each other and a short leader up to a half a meter high connecting the frames when eel traps are joined together a chain is formed this is called an eel fik
23:30 - 24:00 for
24:00 - 24:30 [Music] [Music] for smelt Nets were historically known as smelt traps smelt which belong to the salmon family come to Paran in Spring
24:30 - 25:00 and from there they swim to the paru river to spawn smelt are an anadromous fish they live in the sea but spawn in rivers [Music] [Music] the working principle of sen Nets is the
25:00 - 25:30 following a section of a body of water is surrounded with a send net and the net is drawn together in order to secure the catch there are two types of demersal sends in the sea demersal SS are used for catching flounder and also to fish for pipe perch and perch in Lake pesy at a distance from its banks the construction and the functioning principles of these two are simp similar a symmetrical net resting on the
25:30 - 26:00 bottom but not reaching the surface is thrown in a triangular or round shaped to the bottom of the body of water s Nets are dragged out simultaneously to both wings of an anchored boat the headline of the Wings and the Cod end are equipped with bobs at the mouth for opening the sand net weights are attached to the bottom headlines a thick heavy rope is used used for dragging the net which stirs up
26:00 - 26:30 Bottom mud when dragged along the sea floor the muddy water scares fish into a narrow Corridor with the clouds of silk approaching from two sides in muddy water where visibility is bad fish swim between the wings of the net and from there into the Cod end
26:30 - 27:00 for
27:00 - 27:30 fore
27:30 - 28:00 fore fore
28:00 - 28:30 foree spe fore [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music]
28:30 - 29:00 [Applause] [Music] [Applause] in the open Waters of Lake pesy a special net called a mutnik is used a mutnik or demersal sen is a form of fishing gear designed to catch fish that swim close to the bottom of a body of water the name mutnik comes from the Russian word mtit which means making
29:00 - 29:30 something turbid fishing with a mutnik differs from fishing for flounder with a demersal San only by virtue of using different materials for the hauling lines when fishing for flounder a soft rope is used for stirring Up Mud from the bottom but with a mutnik a net that has been folded and tied up is used instead [Music]
29:30 - 30:00 the clouds of Muddy Water that are stirred up by the dragging of the mutnik along the bottom of the body of water frighten fish of all sizes into the net the undersized fish that are found in the net are released back into the lake [Applause]
30:00 - 30:30 [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] along with modern fishing gear we should continue to honor old traditional
30:30 - 31:00 fishing methods as well the simplest toen net is a beach sen used for dragging the catch to the beach what characterizes a tow net is the fact that its net wall has to extend from the bottom to the surface when the net is hauled in fish are gathered in the Cod end a tow net with the simplest construction has equally long Wings on both sides of the codend there are hauling lines at the ends of
31:00 - 31:30 the Wings the line that's deployed first is called the heel line and the one deployed last is the running line in cases where the net wings are really of equal length the hauling lines are pulled out simultaneously [Music]
31:30 - 32:00 the ASP is the largest member of the karp family in Estonia and is the only Predator among them the ASP is found primarily in Lake pesi and Lake verer and in the larger rivers that these
32:00 - 32:30 Lakes are connected to such as the Emogi and the narva there is a yearr round ban on fishing for ASP and the species has been entered into the Estonian Red Data Book [Music]
32:30 - 33:00 [Music] a Lampe or sea Lampe is a jawless fish
33:00 - 33:30 the narva river is the biggest river in Estonia where lamp R are found at the end of July lamp R Gather in the narva river to spawn lampre are active at night during daytime they hide on the bottom beneath stones and [Music] Roots lamp R pots are tied to a main line both sides of which are anchored the anchors are equipped with boys that
33:30 - 34:00 Mark the location of the Trap the current holds the pot against the bottom facing the sea and lamp Ray swim into the pot in order to [Music] hide
34:00 - 34:30 fore foree foree spee fore [Music]
34:30 - 35:00 fore for
35:00 - 35:30 [Music]
35:30 - 36:00 people value their free time more and more trying to find hobbies that take them into nature and provide enough physical activity fishing is definitely an active way of spending your spare time if you've had enough of casting your SP spinning rod you can try a calmer activity which is definitely not
36:00 - 36:30 less exciting fishing with a bottom line also known as a long line This is fishing gear that is placed in the water in the evening using a long line in industrial fishing has lost its importance in modern times this is mainly an activity of jaob fishermen and of some Coastal fishermen too [Music] a long line is a trap and the way it
36:30 - 37:00 works involves baiting Fish Hooks a bottom long line consists of the main line and multiple hooks attached to the line by SNS putting a bottom long line in is carried out in much the same way as the putting of Nets into water at first a weight and signal flag are put in to which the long line has been attached earlier then the long line is deployed into the wall water finally another anchor and a signal flag go in
37:00 - 37:30 at the other end of the [Music] line using different fishing methods in gear calls for thorough knowledge of the way of life and movement of fish preservation of yield levels as well as the protection of fish resources requires close cooperation between fishermen and scientists only in this way will future future Generations have something to put on the table from the sea lakes and
37:30 - 38:00 rivers [Music] oh [Music]