Our Planet | From Deserts to Grasslands | FULL EPISODE | Netflix

Summary

Highlights

• Deserts are more than barren landscapes; they are vital refuges for wildlife. 🌵
• Socotran cormorants nest in harsh desert conditions, showcasing the tenacity of life. 🐦
• Arabian leopards and desert elephants are struggling yet persevering icons of desert life. 🐘
• The Serengeti's grasslands support incredible biodiversity, like vast wildebeest herds and coalitions of cheetahs. 🐆
• The successful reintroduction of Przewalski’s horses in Mongolia offers hope for conservation. 🐴
• Grasslands in India show how thriving ecosystems can exist even in densely populated regions. 🐅
• Each ecosystem is unique yet intricately connected, relying on protection and thoughtful human intervention. 🌿

Key Takeaways

• Deserts, seemingly barren, are vital sanctuaries for unique wildlife. 🌵
• The Arabian leopard and desert elephants symbolize the struggle and hope for species in arid regions. 🐆
• Grasslands are crucial ecosystems, supporting massive herds and unique species like the wildebeest and Przewalski’s horses. 🐎
• Human intervention and conservation can make a significant difference in preserving these habitats. 🌍
• 'Our Planet' encourages us to 'connect the dots' and take action to protect these amazing ecosystems. 🔗

Overview

Chapters

• 00:00 - 00:30: Introduction Chapter Title: Introduction. The chapter begins with a quote from David Attenborough discussing humanity's venture to the moon 50 years ago.
• 00:30 - 01:30: The Importance of Natural Wonders In the chapter titled 'The Importance of Natural Wonders,' the narrative begins by reflecting on humanity's first view of Earth from space, an event that profoundly changed our perspective of our planet. This transformative experience coincides with significant demographic changes, as the human population has grown exponentially, more than doubling since that iconic moment. The chapter likely explores the implications of this growth in relation to the planet's natural wonders, emphasizing their intrinsic value and the critical need for their preservation amid rapid population expansion.
• 01:30 - 03:00: Deserts and Wildlife The chapter titled 'Deserts and Wildlife' in this series focuses on celebrating the natural wonders that still exist in the world. It emphasizes the importance of revealing these wonders to ensure their preservation, highlighting the necessity for both people and nature to thrive.
• 03:00 - 06:00: Challenges of Nesting in Deserts The chapter explores the concept of Earth's sanctuaries as crucial habitats for wildlife, which sometimes host remarkable congregations of animals. It emphasizes the importance of these spaces for biodiversity, while also highlighting the alarming rate at which these natural havens are vanishing.
• 06:00 - 12:00: Oman: Monsoon and Arabian Wildlife This chapter explores the intricate connection between Oman’s monsoon season and its vibrant Arabian wildlife. The monsoon, known locally as the Khareef, brings a burst of life to the barren desert landscapes, transforming them into lush, green paradises. The chapter begins with the sounds of wildlife, such as wildebeests lowing, showcasing how various species have adapted to this unique climate. It delves into the ecosystems that thrive during the monsoon, highlighting the flora and fauna that depend on this seasonal weather pattern. The narrative emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between the region's weather and its wildlife, offering insights into the conservation efforts to protect these natural habitats.
• 12:00 - 21:00: Empty Quarter and Desert Survivors This chapter highlights the vast expanse of desert covering one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. It focuses on the challenges faced by ecosystems and species that survive in these harsh and arid conditions. The narrative delves into the unique adaptations and survival strategies of plants, animals, and human communities that have evolved to thrive in the desert environment, with a special focus on the Empty Quarter, or Rub' al Khali, known for its picturesque yet challenging landscapes. Through these tales of resilience, the chapter sheds light on the delicate balance required to sustain life in some of the planet's most inhospitable regions.
• 21:00 - 25:00: Grasslands and Transformation The Atacama Desert in South America is highlighted as the driest place on Earth, with some areas never having recorded rainfall.
• 25:00 - 31:30: The Serengeti and Its Protectors In this chapter, the focus is on the Serengeti and the individuals or entities that work to protect it. Despite common misconceptions, it highlights how deserts, although seemingly barren and devoid of life, are actually vital ecosystems.
• 31:30 - 36:00: North America's Lost Prairies This chapter discusses the challenges and importance of the prairies in North America, highlighting their role as a vital refuge for certain species.
• 36:00 - 45:00: The Richness of Hungarian Meadows In the chapter titled "The Richness of Hungarian Meadows," the focus is on the Socotran cormorants amidst a dust storm in the Arabian desert. These birds have flocked in large numbers to this barren landscape, suggesting a unique adaptation or migration driven by the desolate environment.
• 45:00 - 58:30: Grasslands from Europe to Asia The chapter titled 'Grasslands from Europe to Asia' discusses the migration of birds to the grasslands, where fifty thousand, constituting a quarter of the total population, gather to breed undisturbed.
• 58:30 - 68:00: Mongolia's Wild Horses The chapter titled 'Mongolia's Wild Horses' explores the challenges faced by wildlife in the Mongolian desert. Despite harsh conditions, with temperatures soaring to 40 degrees Celsius, both adult animals and their young, represented by the white chicks, are prepared to confront these adversities.
• 68:00 - 77:00: Indian Grasslands and Wildlife The chapter 'Indian Grasslands and Wildlife' explores the behavior of birds in the grasslands as a form of climate adaptation. It describes how birds use panting as a cooling mechanism during hot weather. The narrative illustrates a scene where adult birds that appear to be carrying food are mobbed by others. However, these adults will only feed their own chicks, indicating a selective feeding behavior prevalent among the grassland birds. The chapter thus provides insight into the unique adaptive strategies and social behaviors exhibited by wildlife in Indian grasslands.
• 77:00 - 81:40: Conservation Call to Action The chapter titled 'Conservation Call to Action' describes a situation where chicks chase an adult bird out into the desert, but they are unsuccessful. Realizing this, they need to return quickly to the safety of their colony.
• 81:40 - 84:10: Closing Message The chapter titled 'Closing Message' discusses how the desert serves as more than just a safe haven for the cormorants.

Our Planet | From Deserts to Grasslands | FULL EPISODE | Netflix Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 [David Attenborough] Just 50 years ago, we finally ventured to the moon.
• 00:30 - 01:00 For the very first time, we looked back at our own planet. Since then, the human population has more than doubled.
• 01:00 - 01:30 This series will celebrate the natural wonders that remain and reveal what we must preserve to ensure people and nature thrive.
• 01:30 - 02:00 The Earth still has sanctuaries, and, on occasion, they hold spectacular gatherings of wildlife. They provide vital space, but they're disappearing fast.
• 02:00 - 02:30 [wildebeest lowing]
• 02:30 - 03:00 A fifth of the land  on our planet is covered by desert.
• 03:00 - 03:30 The driest of all is the Atacama in South America. There are places here where rain has never been recorded.
• 03:30 - 04:00 Deserts may appear to be barren and empty, but they are of crucial importance to life.
• 04:00 - 04:30 For those that can overcome their challenges, they provide a vital refuge. [wind whistling]
• 04:30 - 05:00 Socotran cormorants, emerging from a dust storm in the Arabian desert. It is the very emptiness of this landscape that has brought them here, and they have come in immense numbers.
• 05:00 - 05:30 [birds squawking] Fifty thousand of them. A quarter of the total population. They have come because here they can breed... undisturbed.
• 05:30 - 06:00 But nesting in a desert is difficult. Temperatures can reach 40 degrees Celsius. Yet, both the adults and their white chicks are ready for this challenge.
• 06:00 - 06:30 [birds panting] They cool themselves  by panting. Any adult that appears to have food in its crop is mobbed. An adult will only give food to its own chick, which must be here somewhere.
• 06:30 - 07:00 The chicks chase an adult out into the desert. No luck. Now, they must get back quickly to the safety of the colony.
• 07:00 - 07:30 This desert provides the cormorants with more than just a secure refuge.
• 07:30 - 08:00 Every morning, a mass movement begins. It's the rush hour.
• 08:00 - 08:30 A shallow arm of the sea, right beside the colony, is full of food. [cawing] This richness comes from the desert itself. Dust, blown from the land,
• 08:30 - 09:00 contains nutrients that fertilize the surrounding waters. So, it is the desert itself that enriches the sea.
• 09:00 - 09:30 In Oman, during the summer monsoon, fogs roll in from the sea, billowing over the Dhofar mountains.
• 09:30 - 10:00 The mists bring just enough moisture to sustain a little vegetation... and this sparse greenery becomes a focus for life. Ibex must cross the near vertical cliffs to reach one of the few springs.
• 10:00 - 10:30 But they're nervous... and with good reason. An Arabian leopard, one of less than 200 that survive in the wild.
• 10:30 - 11:00 This male's territory extends over 350 square kilometers of high mountains and deep wadis. The southern edge of the Arabian Peninsula is one of the few places left where there is enough prey to sustain a population of these leopards.
• 11:00 - 11:30 But even so, there are probably less than 60 individuals in over 15,000 square kilometers. These leopards have always been rare, but now conflict with people
• 11:30 - 12:00 is causing their numbers to decline still further. [bird chirps] Few leopards are left, so what our hidden cameras now capture verges on the miraculous.
• 12:00 - 12:30 A female leopard, and she is tracking a male. Such meetings are becoming increasingly rare.
• 12:30 - 13:00 [growling] This briefest of unions may ensure the short-term future for these leopards.
• 13:00 - 13:30 But in the longer term, their fate will depend on their territory being protected. To the north of the Dhofar mountains lies a place of almost unimaginable emptiness.
• 13:30 - 14:00 The Rub' al Khali, the Empty Quarter. The very name of the place resonates with the romance of these desert lands. This is the largest sand sea in the world.
• 14:00 - 14:30 There are parts where human beings never venture. Only the greatest desert specialists can survive here. Arabian oryx.
• 14:30 - 15:00 Their ranges are vast, extending for over 3,000 square kilometers. This is one of their last refuges. Once hunted close to extinction, they have now reclaimed their ancestral territory.
• 15:00 - 15:30 With the help of conservationists, they have returned home. But reintroduction cannot save all desert animals. [elephants huffing] Desert elephants.
• 15:30 - 16:00 Less than 150 survive, here in Namibia. This oldest of deserts is scarred by dry riverbeds, carved by water that flows for only one or two days in a year. An adult elephant
• 16:00 - 16:30 must find up to 200 kilos of food each and every day if it's not to starve. So, for these last survivors, life is an endless trek. The herd is guided by a single old female, the matriarch.
• 16:30 - 17:00 She is leading her family to a special place where food should be available even in a drought. She learned of its existence from her mother, many years ago. Now, she's teaching her own calf how to get there.
• 17:00 - 17:30 The elephants are not alone in their search for food. Desert lions. They are just as rare as the elephants.
• 17:30 - 18:00 The calf is protected by its mother. So the lions let them pass. Distant trees are a sign of water. [brays]
• 18:00 - 18:30 The riverbed is dry. The ana trees, however, are still green.
• 18:30 - 19:00 But there is a problem. At this time of year, seedpods from the ana trees usually litter the ground. Rich food for elephants. But this year, the crop has failed.
• 19:00 - 19:30 The matriarch has led her herd here for nothing. Even the trees' leafy branches are out of their reach. The family has no option but to move on.
• 19:30 - 20:00 A bull, standing nearly four meters tall. He can reach into the canopy, and he could be the solution to their problem.
• 20:00 - 20:30 The old female has known him all her life and turned to him for help before. Elephants can only survive here because of knowledge passed down over generations. But less than 20 matriarchs still survive,
• 20:30 - 21:00 and if their knowledge is lost, elephants may no longer be able to live here. Deserts cannot support large numbers of animals the year round, and even those specially adapted to these conditions can only survive in small numbers.
• 21:00 - 21:30 But on very special occasions, deserts are transformed. [thunder rumbling] Once in a decade, there may be a cloudburst.
• 21:30 - 22:00 A single one can turn the desert green. In southern California, the change is visible from space.
• 22:00 - 22:30 Hundreds of square kilometers suddenly bloom. If such transformations become regular, a new habitat may develop.
• 22:30 - 23:00 Grasslands. One of our planet's most productive landscapes. They support the greatest aggregations of large animals on Earth. The Serengeti sustains herds of over a million wildebeest.
• 23:00 - 23:30 They follow the rains to crop the newly sprung grass. These vast herds attract predators.
• 23:30 - 24:00 Five male cheetahs. One of the largest coalitions ever observed. They dominate a territory of 450 square kilometers. They patrol it together,
• 24:00 - 24:30 and that attracts attention. [birds chirruping]
• 24:30 - 25:00 [braying] A change of strategy is needed if they're to hunt successfully.
• 25:00 - 25:30 They need cover.
• 25:30 - 26:00 An adult wildebeest is a formidable opponent.
• 26:00 - 26:30 Four of the cheetahs start the stalk, walking directly towards the prey. The fifth creeps around the side.
• 26:30 - 27:00 They need to get really close before making their final sprint.
• 27:00 - 27:30 They're nearly there.
• 27:30 - 28:00 All five break cover, each cat chasing a different target.
• 28:00 - 28:30 It's chaos. A single cheetah is not strong enough to defend its prize.
• 28:30 - 29:00 They must work together.
• 29:00 - 29:30 These dramas only continue because the Serengeti is protected, and has been for over 65 years. But the Serengeti is an exception.
• 29:30 - 30:00 Across the planet, space for grasslands has been steadily disappearing. [huffs] A hundred and eighty years ago, herds of bison, millions strong, grazed the Great Plains of North America. They roamed across a prairie a hundred times larger than the Serengeti.
• 30:00 - 30:30 This was the true wild west. [roaring] Every summer, the males roared their challenges
• 30:30 - 31:00 and fought for possession of the females. As the rut intensified, the fights became more brutal.
• 31:00 - 31:30 Today, however, most of the prairie is silent.
• 31:30 - 32:00 Humans slaughtered the great herds. Less than 30,000 wild bison remain, and 90 percent of the prairie has been lost,
• 32:00 - 32:30 most of it to agriculture. What we eat, and how we produce it,
• 32:30 - 33:00 will determine the future of our planet's grasslands. Our past could show us how we can feed ourselves and still leave room for nature. The ancient hay meadows of Hungary, still farmed in the traditional way,
• 33:00 - 33:30 provide habitats of extraordinary richness. Butterflies are abundant. One species has an almost unbelievably complex life cycle.
• 33:30 - 34:00 The Alcon blue. Each female must mate and lay eggs on just one species of plant, the marsh gentian. The eggs soon hatch into caterpillars. High up on the plants, they're safe from predators below.
• 34:00 - 34:30 But then, the caterpillars do something seemingly suicidal. They abseil down on threads of silk to the ground below... and into danger.
• 34:30 - 35:00 They have no defense against the marauding ants, which carry them off. But this is exactly what the caterpillars need to happen. They're producing a scent like that emitted by an ant larva.
• 35:00 - 35:30 The ants respond by taking them back to their nest. There, they deposit them in the colony's brood chamber. The purple-colored caterpillars, lying among the ants' own white larvae, give off just the right signals. And the nurse ants rush to feed them.
• 35:30 - 36:00 But there is more. The caterpillars now start to mimic the sounds made by the queen ant, and, as a result, the ants treat them like royalty. If food gets short, the ants will even feed the caterpillars instead of their own young.
• 36:00 - 36:30 They give them such quantities of food that the caterpillars grow hugely. And there, underground, the caterpillars feed and grow for nearly two years. Until, one day, there is nothing for the ants to feed.
• 36:30 - 37:00 The caterpillars have pupated. But a few weeks later, out crawls an Alcon blue butterfly.
• 37:00 - 37:30 Now, they begin to leave the nest that has been their home for the last 23 months.
• 37:30 - 38:00 The young adult makes its way out of the nest and clambers up a grass stem. Its wings expand as it prepares to fly off and find a mate. This complex life may be laborsaving for the butterfly, but it's risky. If anything happened to the ants or to the gentian, the Alcon blue would become extinct.
• 38:00 - 38:30 Only tiny fragments of these ancient meadows are left in Europe. But beyond them to the east, once stretched grasslands that extended for a fifth of the way around the world,
• 38:30 - 39:00 from Romania to China. Here, there are places where, for mile after endless mile,
• 39:00 - 39:30 there are no roads or fences. Here, where there are no trees, eagles nest on the ground. Once, these eagles would have preyed on antelope that numbered in millions.
• 39:30 - 40:00 And some are still here. These are saiga, antelope that live nowhere else in the world. Their extraordinary noses are specially adapted to filter out the dust kicked up by the immense herds that once lived here. Now, they're critically endangered.
• 40:00 - 40:30 Poaching and the loss of habitat have had a devastating impact on them. But conservation efforts have recently started to make a difference. There is still hope for these extraordinary plains dwellers. And the proof of this can be found further east, in Mongolia,
• 40:30 - 41:00 where the grasslands still remain largely intact. These are Przewalski’s horses. Fifty years ago, they were extinct in the wild, but a few adults survived in captivity.
• 41:00 - 41:30 Careful breeding from 12 of them increased their numbers until there were sufficient to release on the plains. These are their descendants. A stallion protects each harem. They must be vigilant, and they race to defend their herd...
• 41:30 - 42:00 or chase off bachelors trying to lure away a mare.
• 42:00 - 42:30 With their numbers now topping 300, the future for these wild horses looks more secure. Their recovery was only possible because the vast Mongolian steppe still remains largely untouched.
• 42:30 - 43:00 These grasses are some of the tallest to be found anywhere on our planet. They're so tall they can conceal elephants. They make the giants that live among them seem small.
• 43:00 - 43:30 A last hiding place for the highly endangered greater one-horned rhino.
• 43:30 - 44:00 This is India, one of the most populous countries on Earth. Yet here there is a great determination to protect these crucial grasslands.
• 44:00 - 44:30 What must it be like to live in this dense, claustrophobic world? Just moving about could mean walking into danger.
• 44:30 - 45:00 The grasses conceal tigers. Stripes and shadows blend.
• 45:00 - 45:30 Long grass may hide a tigress from her prey, but it also hides the prey from her.
• 45:30 - 46:00 She must get within 20 meters of it. And she must always know exactly where the prey are hidden.
• 46:00 - 46:30 She may have lost them.
• 46:30 - 47:00 She risks a look.
• 47:00 - 47:30 [bleats] [bleating resonates]
• 47:30 - 48:00 Every deer around now knows exactly where the tiger is. Others have heard the signal that announced her failure.
• 48:00 - 48:30 Her cubs. She had left them hidden in the grass. [growling]
• 48:30 - 49:00 In the last hundred years, the number of wild tigers has declined by over 95 percent. But here in India, despite the enormous pressure from poaching, and a growing human population,
• 49:00 - 49:30 tiger numbers are actually increasing. Protect the precious space that grasslands and deserts provide, and the animals will bounce back.
• 49:30 - 50:00 Please visit ourplanet.com to discover what we need to do now to protect wild grasslands. ♪ I can hear the whole world Singing together ♪ ♪ I can hear the whole world Say it's now or never ♪
• 50:00 - 50:30 ♪ 'Cause it's not too late If we change our ways ♪ ♪ And connect the dots to our problems ♪ ♪ I can hear the whole world Say we're in this together ♪ ♪ We're in this together ♪