Social Business Talk

Summary

The Social Business Talk held at Albukhary International University gathered distinguished guests and experts including Nobel Peace Laureate Professor Muhammad Yunus. The talk highlighted the crucial role of social businesses in addressing global issues such as poverty, unemployment, and environmental degradation. Emphasizing the concept of the "three zeros" world—zero wealth concentration, zero unemployment, and zero net carbon emissions—the event underlined the importance of redesigning modern economies to prioritize social impact over profit maximization. The session encouraged the youth to participate in social entrepreneurship as a means to create meaningful change.

Highlights

• Nobel Laureate Professor Muhammad Yunus discussed the role of social businesses 🌟.
• AIU hosted a vibrant discussion on creating a 'three zeros' world 💬.
• The talk encouraged young generations to innovate through social entrepreneurship 🚀.
• Microcredit as a tool for empowerment and its impact on communities was a focus 💰.
• The importance of sustainable practices in industries like fashion was emphasized 👚.

Key Takeaways

• Professor Muhammad Yunus emphasized the importance of social businesses in solving world problems 🌍.
• The 'three zeros' concept is pivotal: zero poverty, zero unemployment, zero carbon emissions 💡.
• Social business empowers individuals by providing financial access without traditional banking constraints 💪.
• Youth are encouraged to engage in social entrepreneurship for impactful global change 🌿.
• Redesigning industries like fashion for sustainability was highlighted during the talk 👗.

Overview

In an inspiring gathering at Albukhary International University, Nobel Peace Laureate, Professor Muhammad Yunus, captivated the audience with his insights on social businesses. He detailed the transformative power of social entrepreneurship in creating a world free from poverty, unemployment, and harmful carbon emissions, famously known as the 'three zeros' world.

Professor Yunus shared the journey and challenges of implementing microcredit systems, emphasizing how financial empowerment can drastically change lives. The interactive session allowed guests to delve into questions about trust-based lending and its scalability, showcasing innovative models of social business thriving globally.

The highlight of the event was the focus on youth involvement in driving change through social entrepreneurship. The participants were urged to harness creativity and innovation to solve pressing global issues, particularly in areas such as sustainable fashion, signifying the critical need for environmentally conscious business models in today's world.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 01:30: Introduction and Opening Remarks The chapter titled 'Introduction and Opening Remarks' is primarily dominated by the presence of foreign music, as indicated by the transcription 'foreign [Music].' This suggests that the chapter functions as an ambient or musical introduction, setting the tone or atmosphere for the subsequent sections of the content. No further details or spoken content are provided in the transcript, implying an emphasis on the auditory experience rather than verbal exposition.
• 01:30 - 07:00: Welcome and Guest Introduction The chapter titled 'Welcome and Guest Introduction' lacks substantive content in the provided transcript, containing only placeholder text commonly used during transitions or unfilled audio segments. As such, there is no specific summary to create based on the available information. A more detailed transcript would be necessary to derive any meaningful insights or information from this chapter.
• 07:00 - 09:00: Introduction to Social Business The chapter introduces the concept of social business, where businesses aim to solve social problems while being financially self-sustainable. It emphasizes the dual goal of achieving social impact alongside financial success. Various examples illustrate how companies are addressing social issues through innovative business models and strategies. Key themes include the importance of purpose-driven business, stakeholder engagement, and measuring social impact. The chapter sets the stage for exploring deeper insights into the operational and strategic aspects of social business.
• 09:00 - 15:00: Role of Young Generations in Social Business This chapter discusses the role of young generations in social business. While no specific details are given, the focus likely involves exploring the impact, contributions, and potential of younger individuals in driving social change and business innovation.
• 15:00 - 18:00: Sustainable Fashion Industry Challenges and Solutions The chapter titled 'Sustainable Fashion Industry Challenges and Solutions' begins, but the transcript provided consists of placeholders and music cues, lacking substantive content to generate a meaningful summary.
• 18:00 - 26:00: Introduction to 3-0 Clubs and Social Ventures The chapter introduces the concept of 3-0 Clubs and their role in promoting social ventures.
• 26:00 - 37:00: Welcome Remarks by Vice Chancellor The chapter titled "Welcome Remarks by Vice Chancellor" appears to be the introductory segment of an event, possibly an academic or ceremonial occasion. The transcript provided is immediate and limited, showing some musical interlude and possibly disruptions marked as 'foreign'. The Vice Chancellor likely initiated a welcoming address, though details are not provided, indicating it might be a formal opening or greeting to attendees. Given the lack of detailed text, observe surrounding context or other chapters for a complete understanding of the proceedings.
• 37:00 - 42:00: Introduction of Saba Social Entrepreneurs Association An introduction to the Saba Social Entrepreneurs Association, likely providing an overview of its mission, values, or key figures.
• 42:00 - 102:00: Talk by Professor Muhammad Yunus The chapter features a talk by Professor Muhammad Yunus.
• 102:00 - 163:00: Question and Answer Session The chapter titled 'Question and Answer Session' begins with a brief musical interlude, setting the stage for an engaging dialogue. Throughout this section, questions are posed to various experts, addressing a wide array of topics relevant to the audience. Each question is met with detailed and informative responses, offering insights and clear explanations. The session fosters an interactive atmosphere, inviting participation, and enhancing understanding on the subjects discussed. Occasional humorous anecdotes and light-hearted exchanges intersperse the session, keeping the tone lively and engaging. This chapter serves as an informative and dynamic segment within the broader context of the book or presentation.
• 163:00 - 186:00: Closing Remarks and Video Presentation The chapter titled 'Closing Remarks and Video Presentation' seems to consist predominantly of repeated expressions of gratitude, accompanied by music tracks. It indicates the conclusion of an event or presentation where acknowledgments are being made. The presence of music suggests a ceremonial or formal ending to the session.
• 186:00 - 220:00: Social Business Exhibition and Conclusion The chapter details the events and outcomes of a social business exhibition. It explores the roles and impacts of various stakeholders involved, and highlights innovative solutions presented to address social issues. Attendees' reactions and interactions are also covered, demonstrating the overall atmosphere and success of the exhibition.

Social Business Talk Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 foreign [Music]
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• 11:00 - 11:30 [Music] ladies and Gentlemen please rise
• 11:30 - 12:00 you may all be seated thank you Salam sajatra and a very good afternoon to our distinguished guest The Honorable Chancellor of AAU Nobel Peace Laureate Professor Muhammad yunus The Honorable member of Board of
• 12:00 - 12:30 Governors sharifa Sophia shad mokhter al-bukhari The Honorable Vice Chancellor of AAU professor emeritus Dr Abdul Aziz tajudin The Honorable Vice Chancellor of AAU Deputy Vice Chancellor of research and Innovation registrar and The deans of AIU the delegation from Saba social
• 12:30 - 13:00 entrepreneurs Association and all the guests [Applause] ladies and gentlemen it is a great honor to welcome all of you to our social business talk today but Professor Muhammad yunus with the title towards a world of three zeros what is our role
• 13:00 - 13:30 ladies and gentlemen my name is ogre papadum Cinema I'm from Zimbabwe currently I'm enrolled in my third year of Bachelor of Business Administration majoring in marketing ladies and gentlemen a word of three zeros is the new economics of zero wealth concentration for ending poverty zero unemployment and zero net carbon
• 13:30 - 14:00 emissions by Professor Muhammad yunus a social business as defined by Professor Muhammad yunus is a business created to solve social issues in a financially sustainable way a social business is established primarily to pursue social or environmental goals rather than personal
• 14:00 - 14:30 economic gain the concept of social business is still very new in Malaysia and some parts of the world however the covid-19 pandemic has shown that the world needs more social businesses and innovative ideas to redesign the economy we believe that schools and universities are the best platforms for promoting social business entrepreneurship and
• 14:30 - 15:00 cultivating a social business culture which believes in the potential to do good in an entrepreneurial way there will be more young Generations who want to make a difference and improve the world and what is our role in supporting them for instance in this year's challenge of the how price competition it is about
• 15:00 - 15:30 redesigning fashion to become more sustainable ladies and gentlemen let me share something clothing is a basic need it keeps us warm and dry it protects us against the Sun what we wear also feels a very important social need helping us to express both our personal as well as cultural identities
• 15:30 - 16:00 today's fashion industry is huge it's the world third largest manufacturing sector contributing 2.4 trillion dollars to the global economy over a hundred and fifty billion articles of clothing are produced each year fashion employs 300 million people across its value chain a sixth of the world's Workforce
• 16:00 - 16:30 unfortunately all this comes at a terrible environmental and social cost the fashion industry is responsible for up to eight percent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions more than all international flights and Maritime shipping combined it consumes 215 trillion liters of water a year and accounts for nine percent of
• 16:30 - 17:00 the microplastics found in our oceans for the majority of workers conditions are dangerous and exploitative compensation is often below a livable wage especially for women who comprise 80 percent of the workforce the industry must change if not the United Nations has little hope of
• 17:00 - 17:30 meeting its sustainable development goals but the 2030 deadline it's time to rethink redesign every stage of the fashion Industries ecosystem from how we Source textiles and manufacture garments to how we buy them and dispose of them so it is vital to redesign rethink and
• 17:30 - 18:00 reimagine fashion Now to create a world of three zeros ladies and gentlemen the hot prize is a global movement for impact that challenges the youth to solve the world's most pressing issues through Innovative social Ventures according to Professor Eunice the heart prize is a Nobel Prize for students and it is a great honor for me to become
• 18:00 - 18:30 the hall price campus director here at AIU [Applause] ladies and gentlemen to start off our session I am very pleased to welcome the honorable Vice Chancellor of AIU professor emeritus Dr dato Dr Abdul Aziz bintajudan to give the welcome remarks
• 18:30 - 19:00 [Applause] [Music] alhamdulillah honorable Professor Muhammad yunus
• 19:00 - 19:30 Chancellor of albuqueria International University members Board of Governors AIU our friends from Association welcome to AIU and our friends from uh yunus Thailand in Bangkok again thank you for
• 19:30 - 20:00 staying back uh my fellow clicks uh ladies and gentlemen um
• 20:00 - 20:30 foreign [Music]
• 20:30 - 21:00 foreign
• 21:00 - 21:30 foreign zeros
• 21:30 - 22:00 foreign pleasure
• 22:00 - 22:30 programs
• 22:30 - 23:00 once again I take the opportunity to thank you I think your program is very hectic minimal rest always on on your toes and
• 23:00 - 23:30 um we are very fortunate that you are happy uh to be with us this morning and now uh with a slightly different audience for you to talk about towards a world of three zeros what is our Rule and I believe uh profit news will allow you to ask questions probably if you want to get clarification later once again thank you very much I hope you will uh not only enjoy the talk but will get a lot of benefit from the deliberation that profit you know is going to inform
• 23:30 - 24:00 us this afternoon [Applause] foreign moving on ladies and gentlemen today we are honored to have with us the representatives of saba social entrepreneur Association osocia
• 24:00 - 24:30 there are about six to two social entrepreneurs in Sabah today Socia is dedicated to connect sabahan social entrepreneurs for networking and collaboration we at AU are committed to work and collaborate with social to establish and strengthen the presence of social business and the 3-0 Club in Sabah
• 24:30 - 25:00 ladies and Gentlemen let's give a big round of applause for cyber social entrepreneurs Association delegation [Applause] the 3-0 Club is an initiative to what's achieving the Nobel Peace Lord Professor Muhammad yunus's vision of creating a world of three zeros
• 25:00 - 25:30 zero net carbon emission zero volt concentration for ending poverty and zero unemployment by unleashing entrepreneurship in all in AU itself we already have more than 10 3-0 clubs registered with the 3-0 Global Center in Dhaka and we would like to encourage all of you to form a club and together we can work towards creating a world of three
• 25:30 - 26:00 zeros ladies and gentlemen today is indeed a very special day for us to be having the opportunity to have a talk session with Professor Muhammad yunus Prof unions pioneered the Revolutionary idea of social business therefore with great enthusiasm we may start the talk session Now ladies and
• 26:00 - 26:30 Gentlemen please help me in welcoming Professor Muhammad yunus [Applause] I think it's easier here to talk this is too far away
• 26:30 - 27:00 thank you thank you I am absolutely delighted that we can spend some time talking about the work that we do and particularly excited to seeing these young people here let's give big Applause for the young people here fantastic thank you looking at you I was wondering
• 27:00 - 27:30 what I would be doing when I was at your age first of all I must tell you is English okay it's okay all right that's good that's good I was worrying whether I could do get through so I was wondering uh what I would have done at your age this city that I was growing up in Bangladesh it's called chittagan
• 27:30 - 28:00 when I was in Primary School even when I'm in high school there were no University in that City so I had no experience of seeing a university in the city when we go to uh travel in the capital city which is Dhaka Chittagong is a port city Dhaka is the capital city in the middle of Bangladesh
• 28:00 - 28:30 Dhaka has University so we'll watch the University from a distance without my card they have so much knowledge in this place and we look at the students who go in to the university look at it from a distance always standing looking at all they are going in they are never there
• 28:30 - 29:00 to enter the University so that's the kind of respect and distance we had for the University and unknown we don't know what they do they have lots of knowledge in this place so I'm very happy to see you are not only looking at the University from a distance you are inside it what a change that for me I never had that opportunity to come inside the university now you are lucky they're inside and you're
• 29:00 - 29:30 talking to people who are in the University so that gives you a lot of kind of a push to see things happening in front of you and make your own decisions about what this all these things mean to you so I welcome you for this discussion and feel free whenever you have a question we'll try to talk about it see what it is
• 29:30 - 30:00 now going back to the announcement part in What was shown about the Hulk price I should clarify something about the health price I have nothing to do with Hulk price absolutely nothing but they keep saying Dr do you know saved half price is the Nobel Prize of business could you believe that they said it again there's no reason why I should be
• 30:00 - 30:30 involved in Hull price because that's about making money passion and everything they said that you do the business to make money and that's what you do I have nothing to do with the world which makes money but they bluntly says doctino says Health price is the Nobel Prize of business how Shameless people they can be this is not the first time they are saying this
• 30:30 - 31:00 they said it several times in the past and I had to send them rejoin the look I never said that I had no occasion to say such a thing we'll remove it and this is what happens after many years I see it in there I'm being quoted that the health price is the Nobel Prize
• 31:00 - 31:30 so that's a very what's it should I say Shameless way of promoting themselves and I have to go back and protest again that I didn't say that so coming back to the work and about the Sava what is happening I was very thrilled that the social businesses are taking place
• 31:30 - 32:00 that idea of business that came to my mind it's not because I was thinking of what business should be that's not how it all works it all worked because I see a lot of problems in The Villages of Bangladesh way back many years back 45 50 years back extremely poor people
• 32:00 - 32:30 and Bangladesh was known as the poorest country in the world 86 percent of the population of Bangladesh at that time way back 86 of the population was under the poverty line meaning 86 percent of the people of Bangladesh were poor and extremely poor so that's how
• 32:30 - 33:00 I got involved with it to see if there's been something an individual person can do to help poor people again the reason was I was teaching in the University at that time which is surrounded by Village it's not like a City University you have a big
• 33:00 - 33:30 university right in the middle of the city it's not like that it was a university brand new University put right in the middle of the villages it's just all around you see the village and lots of people extreme poor people and that's what hit me if university has all the knowledge
• 33:30 - 34:00 that's what the university is supposed to be that they have all the knowledge you know they bring all the knowledge of the world in the University that's why it's called University the point I raised with the university authorities as a young teacher pointerest if university has so much knowledge why isn't it spilling off
• 34:00 - 34:30 to the Village so the debt knowledge should help people if you have knowledge it should be helpful to people otherwise what is the use of knowledge who cares for knowledge if he doesn't do good to people so this is a kind of a little campaign with my colleagues I was Raising this question University cannot be an island in the middle of poor villages beautiful campus
• 34:30 - 35:00 extreme poverty side by side but that didn't get to the University authorities at all they said our job is to teach students I said yes that's fine but teach what something to be useful to people otherwise why teach it so what I did trying to see if I can do something in the village to help people
• 35:00 - 35:30 so that was the beginning of the work that gradually pushed me step by step into certain directions I did a lot of little things every time I see a problem I try to see can I do something about it so in the process I did a lot of little things
• 35:30 - 36:00 but one thing kept moving trying to fight the loan sharks in the village I don't know where's the Malayan word for basa word for hello okay got it so that's what we are fighting hello the idea is can I protect people from the loan shark
• 36:00 - 36:30 and I was thinking how do I protect people from not people doesn't mean many people just one or two three people that's all I was not thinking at all in big things just little things that I can handle I can do so there I was thinking what how can I protect someone from being a victim of a loan shark
• 36:30 - 37:00 and the idea came can you guess what that idea be how to protect one person from loan shark something came to my mind maybe this is the way I should do it the idea is why don't I lend the money to the person if he needs money he goes to the loan shark because there's nobody else giving money if I give the money
• 37:00 - 37:30 he doesn't have to go to loan shark when the problem is solved all I have to do give the money luckily I have some money I could give a very small amount of money so that was the beginning of what it became known as micro credit and became global phenomenon why is that
• 37:30 - 38:00 giving some few a few a little bit of money to people why does it have to be such a big thing can you guess why is it so big thing to giving money to people because nobody gives it only loan shark give it why loan shark give it they grab everything
• 38:00 - 38:30 the other person has and ruin the life of the person so all these people are victims of the loan sharks and I did it too just to protect one or two or three people from the loan sharks that's all my intention was I was not thinking about big thing foreign
• 38:30 - 39:00 she and her friends
• 39:00 - 39:30 commit me to the Village because
• 39:30 - 40:00 I had a problem
• 40:00 - 40:30 I cannot talk to women
• 40:30 - 41:00 will not talk to me big problem I can only talk to men
• 41:00 - 41:30 like you are separate they stay separate from me so how do I explain to them that I want to give money you can do it this way the moment I did the runway hide behind there door so I was very frustrated I cannot even explain to them I'm trying to give them money they're running away from me
• 41:30 - 42:00 so I thought why don't they bring my girl students with me they can go and talk to them so that's what they did explain everything I will stand outside the house where they are talking a way so that they don't see me I can't see them I'll stand under the tree someplace when my students cannot answer some questions
• 42:00 - 42:30 they will come to me under the tree ask the question what do we tell them so I help them to okay you tell them like this so this is how the communication began between the men's and the women to the intermediation of my college students and it became popular with the women too in the meantime
• 42:30 - 43:00 I started shouting at the banks I said banks are absolutely wrong they do things in a wrong way since I'm a professor at the University people quote me like they are quoting me representing me but this time in the paper they quoted me that I'm saying banks are wrong and Banks got very upset about it
• 43:00 - 43:30 unhappy about it why is he saying banks are wrong so I tried to explain to them to the bankers the reason I say you are wrong banks are supposed to lend money to people that's their business lend money to people but you do it in such a funny way you lend money to people who already have lots of money
• 43:30 - 44:00 and you don't give money to people who don't have money I said this is absolutely wrong you should be doing the other way you should be lending money to people who don't have money after you have done that then you go to people who have some money that will be the proper one now that you don't give money to poor people they remain poor
• 44:00 - 44:30 they cannot do anything they if you are a woman poor all you can do is you go somebody else's house be a maid clean the house take care of the animals take care of the children cook for them and get some food because they cannot they don't have anything else but their own body that's all men
• 44:30 - 45:00 can work again go to the field work for you grow but grow your crops and you give some so that they can feed themselves they can't do anything because they don't have money why don't they have the money because banks will not give them the money Government tried to solve this problem of Agriculture create agricultural Bank
• 45:00 - 45:30 so that they give money to people to grow crops and so on but again government Banks agricultural banks give money to people who have land who have more money they are the ones who will get they will not give to the workers I said you are absolutely wrong and I try to argue with them by saying that
• 45:30 - 46:00 not only you don't lend money to men you don't lend money to any woman even she's a rich woman you don't lend money you don't lend money to poor you are explaining that they cannot pay you back but what about women who has money but you don't lend money to her that's very funny thing their own words they don't apply when it comes to women
• 46:00 - 46:30 at that time when I was arguing about the banks not even one percent of the borrowers from the banks happen to be women not even one percent I said look what you have done you don't lend money to be women so then I decided when me and my students are giving money to people in the village I said let's do it to the
• 46:30 - 47:00 women because I'm complaining about them I should complain against me too because I'm not giving enough to the women and then I made a policy to have the borrowers fifty percent of the borrowers in my program must be women very simple decision and everybody said no no it's so difficult it cannot be done women themselves keep saying no no don't give it to me I don't know how to handle
• 47:00 - 47:30 money these are all illiterate women at that time most of the people in Bangladesh were illiterate cannot read cannot write so they're afraid because they cannot count they think it will create problem for them because now that I don't know how to count if I misuse the money
• 47:30 - 48:00 by my fault my husband will be very angry with me and he will beat me up so better not get into trouble better not take the money let the life goes go on as it is who is that counting is not a big deal will help you to learn how to count and that's why my college students trying to explain to them how to take
• 48:00 - 48:30 the money and so on and many said I don't know anything why should I take money and this is a very common kind of answer when we say we can give you money you can start something and the women say I don't know anything she just wants to withdraw from that because she's afraid I remember I used to sell I used to say
• 48:30 - 49:00 I'm talking to the group of women now time has a little improved now I can talk to them because they become familiar with me so I'll ask the question is there anybody in the group here sitting who cooks very well everybody likes her food when she cooks it and everybody says she cooks very well I said see did you tasted her food what she makes
• 49:00 - 49:30 oh she makes this this so well everybody loves it when she makes it then I say why did you tell me that you don't know anything you said she knows how to cook so that's knowing something oh they said that's not knowing something every woman knows how to cook I said you know that how every woman come to cook
• 49:30 - 50:00 so why are you saying you don't know anything it is a very important skill that you have you cook and people like it if you ask me to cook it will be mess nobody will eat it but you know how to cook it then this means that they are so common that's not its thing then I say does your husband when he comes home from the town he's working and he comes
• 50:00 - 50:30 home does it bring anything for your children something to eat some cookies some candy some sweets and because yes of course he does then I asked him where did he get it he brought it for your child where did he get it and everybody laughs he bought it from the market oh he bought it from the market
• 50:30 - 51:00 who brought it in the market how are people bring it for the market the guy who brought it to the market where did he get it and say well some women must have cooked it I said that's what I'm saying the women cooked it and he brought it to the market and your husband bought it to bring it to your child and the child was very happy
• 51:00 - 51:30 you thought cooking is unimportant no this is very important if you cook you can send it to the market if it is good food people will like it and pay for it then you have an income said we didn't think about it I said you have to think about it you have a skill which nobody else has and you cook and send and people who
• 51:30 - 52:00 were eating that food that you cooked not only paid for it they're also enjoying it and probably they're saying thank you for that that may be it I said so you know it then I'll ask is there anyone in the group people who are here who raised some chicken because raising Chicken in Bangladesh was very common
• 52:00 - 52:30 thing in the village you raise few chicken if you're poor you raise three or four chicken if you are a little better off you taste 20 or 30 seconds because that's what the women can do and everybody says yes I have two chickens he has five chickens she has 10 chicken and so on why do you keep chicken I ask oh because they lay eggs so what what do you do with eggs
• 52:30 - 53:00 we sell them see you sell them we are in business oh that's not a business I see here selling is a business well there's a real thing every every woman knows how to do that I said that is the power every woman knows it so you can do it more and still people who buy decks and the chicks whatever is produced then I asked how many chickens you said you had five three two ten yes why don't you have 20.
• 53:00 - 53:30 we'll say boy I don't have the money for 20. how many you got she says I have five why didn't you have 30 I don't have the money today I said that's what we're talking about I have the money I give you the money and you bring 20 you bring 30. and raise them they will lay eggs and sell them and pay the money back to me and keep the rest to you that's your money
• 53:30 - 54:00 this scratched their head and say maybe but I don't know how to raise 20 I said you'll learn very soon if you know five you can same thing the reason I'm saying you know something but you don't recognize it because society never gave you a chance to understand the value of what you do so finally they started responding yes
• 54:00 - 54:30 I'll give this money and not everybody agrees only the daring one Brave one so maybe I should take some money so she will take some money if you drink it that's all and raise some chicken and she makes money and all the neighbors get very curious how is she doing that and some will get very jealous
• 54:30 - 55:00 I could have done much more than what she is doing she's not doing it right I could do it right I'm always smarter than her and next time she says can I take some money too yeah of course you can take money too so this is how the whole idea of borrowing and paying back everything came why is it important in the world because whole world close the door for the poor people
• 55:00 - 55:30 what we did me and my students did Push the door make it open and once he started doing that next Village says oh you are giving money to women in that Village why didn't you come to our village give us some money so it is spread from one Village to the next Village in the next Village then we created a bank because we are
• 55:30 - 56:00 talking against the Banks Banks are wrong banks are bad so he created a bank called it Grameen Bank what does Grameen mean in it means Village in our language it means Village so it's a Village Bank how did you make the rules for domain bank because you have to have some rules when you have a bank you have to follow some procedures some steps
• 56:00 - 56:30 if you call yourself Bank everybody says oh you have to follow the banks how they do it because otherwise you cannot be a bank I said okay I'll see I look at them how they do it because I don't know anything about banking I never took any course in banking in the University or wherever so I don't know anything about banking I'm just helping women to take some
• 56:30 - 57:00 money so that she can produce more chicken or produce some food and sell and have a few extra money to run her family now we are a bank so we have to know the rules of the bank so what I did I started looking at how the bank does it once I learned how the bank do it
• 57:00 - 57:30 what I did I just do the opposite you know if when you learn something you follow that in my case I just not only follow I did the reverse completely foreign you are calling yourself a bang and do things like this it will never work it will collapse completely nobody will pay you back
• 57:30 - 58:00 they will run away with your money I said they give you the money back I have no problem why are you creating all this problem no no for the time being they will do it but soon they will not I said I'll continue as long as it works when it stops then I will think about something else until then I will not change my mind how did they do RIP reversing turn around what the banks do I do the opposite
• 58:00 - 58:30 first of all as I said Banks don't go to poor people Banks go to the rich people so I turn the whole thing out thanks you to the rich I go to the poor that's a reverse and it's our policy we never give money anybody who has money that's a very simple principle so we only give money to people who don't have money so we have to be very selective
• 58:30 - 59:00 even people who have money they come give me money you are giving money say how much money you got so she will explain or he will explain sorry we cannot do it you don't qualify because you have money we give money to people who don't have money if you know anybody in your village who don't have money tell us we'll go to her so this is one principle right from the first we reverse it they go to Rich we go to the poor
• 59:00 - 59:30 and if you notice Banks I'm sure it's the same thing all over including Malaysia Banks always love City Center right in the middle of the city where all the businesses are located they have the biggest Branch for them and wherever the business is running they will put a branch there they are always stuck with the city they don't want to go outside of the city we reverse that
• 59:30 - 60:00 we made it a policy Grameen bank will be located only in The Villages never in the city never because we call ourselves gaming Bank Village Bank why should I work in the city you and the poor people are all concentrated in The Villages so we reverse another one conventional Bank go to the city
• 60:00 - 60:30 we go to the Village any remote Village not only a village but a remote Village the more remote you are more excited we are see we reverse that we have reversed two principles of banking and then if you see the bank's branches wherever you see branches if you have some experience Banks always the clients
• 60:30 - 61:00 to come to their office to put money in or take money out you always you have to go to their office we reversed it we made our principle people should not go to the bank s should go to people very simple and that's what we're doing we don't ask women to come to our office if we had asked women to come to our office our business will be over
• 61:00 - 61:30 nobody will come because the other one don't want to go outside their house they are afraid of all the outside world so we made the rule that Banks should come to people today we are 45 years now since we created the bank we have nearly 3 000 branches in Bangladesh of Grameen Bank three thousand [Applause]
• 61:30 - 62:00 not a single branch not a single Branch yet is located in any City or city-like Business Center we don't have any branch there always our branch in the privilege we lend out to over 10 million borrowers
• 62:00 - 62:30 10 million dollars almost all of them are women 97 are women we are focused on women so that's our principle we work in the village we don't let people come to our house we go to people so we reverse everything and then we there is something very more important all banks get very very scared when we
• 62:30 - 63:00 tell them this if you borrow something from a bank always you have to give some assets to them some land some house against which they will give you the money in case you don't pay back they will sell your house they'll sell your land to get the money back so this is called collateral what we did
• 63:00 - 63:30 we made a principle we don't want any collateral will give money to people on trust you need money I give you money I don't ask anything to be signed your house or something your animal we don't do that everybody gets scared you cannot do that I said I can do that it's my bank I can do that if my money goes it's my money goes not
• 63:30 - 64:00 your money it's why you why are you worried about it and we did that and it's still we don't have any collateral in our banking we don't have to sign any papers to get money from Grameen Bank no documents that I borrowed such and such month in case I failed to pay back they can take my house nothing like that
• 64:00 - 64:30 that's what the banks do and we said for poor people they cannot give us anything so forget about that we don't have any collateral no documents we don't have any lawyers in our system you know in Banks if you want to borrow some money they will bring their lawyer to prepare a legal paper so that you can sign everything will be taken to the
• 64:30 - 65:00 court in case you don't we don't have that we are clean you need money I give you money that's all you follow our rules pay back the way we do it that's happened with the 10 million borrowers in Bangladesh now we lend out every year over three billion dollars to all these people no papers
• 65:00 - 65:30 each loan is a small but when you put together a huge amount so you're giving this huge amount in the hands of the poor women without any legal document quite a daring thing they say how do you do that I said we do it because we trust them they trust us we trust them and that's how it works they can't believe that you can do such a thing I said you know what
• 65:30 - 66:00 the word credit these are called credit institution Banks the word credit means trust whole banking system begin with trust you took that word trust and build the whole banking system now on the base on the basis of distrust you don't trust your clients you bring your lawyer to the
• 66:00 - 66:30 signed papers and so on so we undo that so that's what the Grameen bank is all about that's why it became known you can do banking completely different way and go to the poor people and lend money to them and they change their life once you have the money sky's the limit you can go as high as you want because you are paying back you are doing this and so on so this is the direction we do the net idea of micro credit is spread
• 66:30 - 67:00 around the whole world it is started well working in Malaysia emu May heard Amana Malaysia so that was idea that came from Bangladesh and they started it in Penang in other areas and he started doing in many other countries including in the United States would you believe we lend money to
• 67:00 - 67:30 bangladeshipur people say oh America doesn't have poor people I said lots of poor people they said we don't need any micro credit I said you need micro credit because there are so many people in the United States who cannot borrow from a bank they do not qualify so what we did we created a bank called Grameen America
• 67:30 - 68:00 14 years back started in New York City Jackson Height and expanded throughout the United States now we have over 200 000 Borrowers all women 100 women something funny going on there I'm missing out okay so
• 68:00 - 68:30 this is how it spreads from one place to another and the most of the problem that we have created for ourselves in the world is because we design in institutions like banking in a wrong way if banks started lending money to the poor people right from the beginning there'll be no poor people at all because people can take care of themselves people have all the ability
• 68:30 - 69:00 to take care of themselves but the society never gave the opportunity to let them do that so I keep saying poverty is not created by the poor people poverty is created by the system that we built around us if we fix our system there'll be no poor person because people have the capacity to take care of themselves
• 69:00 - 69:30 so I thought I'll share this story with you because how it all began and I'll stop here and then the real thing will begin you have to ask questions are you ready are you ready to ask questions you're in trouble now how about you any question from your side
• 69:30 - 70:00 no okay one thing uh just a LED while you're thinking about the question I told you that the all these women are illiterate cannot read cannot write so when it started growing we made it a point all their children must be in school
• 70:00 - 70:30 so this became a Grameen bank's responsibility to make sure 100 of the children of Grameen families must be in school so we took children to school make sure the stay in school then we started giving them Education Loans so that they can go to colleges they can go to universities and they did thousands and thousands of students
• 70:30 - 71:00 going to college and many more thousands went to universities did their bachelor degrees did their master's degree their phds became doctors engineers see once you open the door there's nothing wrong with these young people they are as good as anybody else their performance was good to continue the education and so on so we have a whole new generation coming out of the illiterate families becoming professional people doctors
• 71:00 - 71:30 engineers and professional phds and so on so forth so that's another aspect that took out in the way so if you are no no question I'll stop here and see if there's a question from this side okay you have questions no no no no okay all right now we come here uh it should it could be related to
• 71:30 - 72:00 micro credit but it doesn't have to be it could be broader picture or whatever social business and anything that you'd like to discuss you can bring it up we'll be very happy to talk to you okay yeah please go ahead [Applause] I'm shazitha from University Utah Malaysia
• 72:00 - 72:30 uh it's very intrigued to know that the landing is based on trust I just wanted to know how does it work especially in the governance side and then how is the bank sustainable sustainability of the bank itself can you elaborate a bit about that because it's it's a bit amazing to know that you can land by Trust of course for a bank it's always about profit but I think Ramen is not so maybe you can leverage us and we really wanted to know in terms of
• 72:30 - 73:00 sustainability and how it's work well to make it a brief comment on that uh we rely on trust but to build the structure in such a way so there is convenient for them to keep their trust sometimes you rely on trust but circumstances are such despite your best effort you cannot keep the trust so we want to make sure they have the convenience of keeping the trust
• 73:00 - 73:30 to give you a short answer to that if you want if somebody wants to borrow money from coming back will always advise her that why don't you find four other friends who are interested like you and from a group of five so everything can come in Bank wherever we work on the basis of these five women together and the commitment is we look after each other
• 73:30 - 74:00 five here and you want to borrow money you said I want so many Ringgits for me what you do I'll have a small shop next to my house I'll sell the old handicraft that I make I'll sell it from there yeah sounds good but I cannot decide on your loan your friends four friends will decide so you have to explain to your friends that this is what I do
• 74:00 - 74:30 and I would like to get so much money oh you're asking for too much for that maybe you should ask for this amount this would be more convenient for you so that you will not have any trouble if a bank says that you said no you're not right but the only your friend says that because she knows everything about you you ask too much because you want to make sure you start big your friends you know you start small successful then take more
• 74:30 - 75:00 so bring kind of some rethinking and then you thought okay I'll take this and do that and everybody else will ask questions and so on once your friend is approve it then it comes to the bank with the recommendation of the group but there's another stage before it comes to the bank group belongs to what we call a center several groups make up a center maybe five groups maybe ten groups
• 75:00 - 75:30 so 10 groups mean 50 women and these 50 women has to meet every week all together in one place and discuss their problems discuss their things and share with each other what is working what is not working complaining about the bank they are not doing it right portable there but they have to meet every week this is important and if you are not feeling comfortable paying back
• 75:30 - 76:00 everybody will be coming to you so what's your problem you tell us so you tell us okay we'll take care of it you have you go back and do the work so that you can pay back because we don't have any we don't want to have any bad record for us it's a bad record that somebody didn't pay so we don't want to keep any badge record we want to be clean so this is how it works every week they have to pay tiny little money make it easy if you have to pay one year later it
• 76:00 - 76:30 becomes a big money for them big money is a scary thing but every week I'm working and I kept some money left I pay back I'm clean I feel very good in front of every all my friends I'm clean so the the you create a system and you have this Center meeting Banks representative will come to you in the center meeting so you don't have to go to the bank the person comes from the bank and you tell or anything you want to complain you have a problem or something see his
• 76:30 - 77:00 job or her job is to see how to resolve this make sure everything goes well but you don't have to leave your house leave your front yard so that's where you discuss and so on that's how the entire system works absolutely exactly the same nothing changed they have to have the center meeting they have to have the groups they have the central theater elect their Center leader every year it's like their group chairman every year absolutely same
• 77:00 - 77:30 in the beginning you say are you crazy what you do in illiterate women in Bangladesh you want to do it in the United States they will throw you out they run after us they said we'll do everything you say and they do they're proud of what they say I was just visiting about a month back one of the branches which is the oldest branch 14 year old so the all the not all the borrowers about 100 borrowers gather together to discuss what happened during their time
• 77:30 - 78:00 as they narrate their story they're all in tears but the trouble they have gone through in their life and what this little money helped them and one woman saying this is a Bronx Bronx as the all black area very very violent area and that's where we were she was saying I particularly hit me so you talk about domestic violence
• 78:00 - 78:30 if you want to know anything about domestic violence you come to me I'll tell you what domestic violence is all about and that's my life I've kicked around pushed around all my life but when Grameen came things changed I started making money my husband started treating me well because she knows that I have money he doesn't so he has to come back to me that's how it works
• 78:30 - 79:00 so foreign yeah of course they all have difficulty this is part of life so we negotiate and the negotiation is not from the bank Center negotiates how to do that and Center will say well we take care of her but this this week she cannot pray but we'll take care of that next week she'll do it the big serious health problem her husband is or her child is
• 79:00 - 79:30 sick she couldn't run the business we understand that like one one thing uh as you asked came out very loud and clear in this visit uh just a month back one bar were saying you know when we joined Grameen Bank everybody said well you're in trouble they'll put you in jail very soon because you won't be able to pay and you have to go to the mafia people
• 79:30 - 80:00 the loan sharks the borrow money to pay back the loan Superman and they will never allow you to miss this uh installment and that's how we began and kobit hit us and we've all screamed oh my God this is our end we won't be able to pay anything because that's all our business shut down nobody wants to buy because they are not in the
• 80:00 - 80:30 street anymore we sell Street Foods most of them are Street Foods selling things on the street uh some souvenirs and those kind of things so our business stops I cannot we cannot pay so when it began and we had the center meeting we are shaking that my God all the trouble will begin now so far it was okay now cobit has upset that the bank stuff came we got so scared that we won't be able
• 80:30 - 81:00 to pay all of us almost all of us what he said he started saying well covet has come probably won't be able to meet each other now soon we'll have to do it differently but I came today for a specific reason how much more money you'll need to survive we couldn't believe our ears Bank said how much money you'll need instead of saying give us the money back he said how much more money you'll need
• 81:00 - 81:30 and that's what saved us an entire copied period Bank was with us the ramen was with us and we have started doing business again now we are business is perfect no problem with us but they were extremely helpful they gave us fresh investment so that whatever money we lost we can recover and continue so that's another one the bank is not just something following the rules you have to give them an it's a very human
• 81:30 - 82:00 kind of thing we work together if you are in trouble we are here to help you we are not going to kind of push you down and to say about rules and so on the rules are subject to the condition of the Personnel thank you anybody else yeah go ahead go ahead um I am nidal Muhammad from the school of education and human Sciences AAU
• 82:00 - 82:30 um my question again goes back to the trust entrusted to the Borrowers um let's just assume out of 100 you don't have trust in the trust let's just assume out of the hundred or the 200 borrowers we could probably have one or two who failed to to pay back based on the period perhaps because most likely after they have sustained they have to at least pay the
• 82:30 - 83:00 invested amount but let's say one or two failed to to pay and as long as there are no legal actions and there are no legal documentations so what are the other actions does the bank take towards those who we don't have nothing that's the beauty of it that's what the trust is all about we say we we don't have any document so if you go to the court court say what is your document that you lend money
• 83:00 - 83:30 and we don't have any document so we never we promised to them we'll never go to the government we'll never go to the court we never go to police it's you and me that's all so that's how it works if you have difficulty we can listen we can talk and that's what the center groups all these things so that they can resolve these things on their own we are not going to kill you for not violating a rule rule are for people sometimes people are in difficulty like
• 83:30 - 84:00 giving the example of covid-19 all rules fell apart we stopped our Center meeting you know we learned something very important during the covet period we said Central meeting is impossible now so what we do we have zoom meeting and people love that women love that Zoom meeting because they could be cooking their food taking care of the children attending Zoo meeting they don't have to drive their car to go to a place where nobody is taking place
• 84:00 - 84:30 parking space is difficult to find and somebody hits your car those kind of things today it's very simple and we meet each other say hello to each other how is your business going and usual Central meeting is this proper Center meeting until then many of the borrowers were paying in cash they bring cash but carrying cash needs physical presence so immediately we try to switch to
• 84:30 - 85:00 non-cash you just push your button your amount is paid and you get a confirmation just like anybody will do so it became a cashless Kobe transformed the entire gram in America from the cash to cashless all the recording is done all the records borrower has all in her phone everything is there so now copied is over one of the pleading they were making
• 85:00 - 85:30 when I was there I'm sure they do it all the time they were appealing to me please don't go back to the physical meeting again we love this little meeting and we said if it works we are not here to push you to physical meeting if as long as you're happy and we are happy zomatic is fine all we need to get together so that we can see how things are and so on so this is and as it because of the covet we couldn't go to the office Grameen
• 85:30 - 86:00 office branch office branch is tough so now covet is over our question is do we need an office because we saved a lot of rent it's very expensive space in New York City and every city that we work in in Chicago in Memphis in uh Miami in Los Angeles San Francisco Houston everything is very expensive so if you can skip the office the
• 86:00 - 86:30 concept of office so we dismissed the whole idea of office you don't need office because you're talking to people on the phone all the time talk and have a zoom meeting and do everything and the cat money is transferred with your just friends with the the internet and so on so that's how it's done thank you there was a question here yeah
• 86:30 - 87:00 firstly thank you to AdvoCare International University for inviting us today social entrepreneur Association so we are very honored that we had the chance to meet our one and only Professor Muhammad dinners today so actually we are glad that we are in the part of 3-0 movements some of some of us here is um doing natural farming collecting plastic waves helping
• 87:00 - 87:30 illiterate housewife and we are looking forward um to be a disruptor uh to change the system that made our state is the very first state in Malaysia so however it's a is it a it is a very hard work it is almost impossible but yet it's possible with this group of people that we can do what is The Impossible part I didn't get it what is you think impossible and The Impossible part is to
• 87:30 - 88:00 make the movement actually but we already started it it's possible um the question is actually um is there any part of this world or small village or small community that already achieved the goal of three zeros as an inspiration to us in Sabah well thank you for the question and I
• 88:00 - 88:30 was repeating that the impossible part of it all the story that I was telling here about the micro credit that every day it was said it's impossible foreign you think you are smart the whole world is stupid they didn't figure it out all these years billions of years you
• 88:30 - 89:00 figured it out by yourself I said I know I have not figured it out I'm trying to figure it out but I didn't give up and people threaten me because as misleading people all kinds of things so I came to the conclusion there is nothing called impossible it's a state of mind that's all as a human being we have the capacity to make all impossible possible
• 89:00 - 89:30 that's our element that we have as a human being that's how whole world came everything was impossible going to the moon was impossible crossing the ocean was impossible everything was impossible but step by step that made possible so in your case it's not going to the moon but is it as hard as going to the Moon is all you need is a kind of a patience determination and the right kind of approach that's all if your first approach didn't work throw it out try
• 89:30 - 90:00 the second approach how to do that what the message you gave how to do that since one and you look for the example we don't have many examples here this is just a beginning the whole 3-0 Club initiative began this year so we are just seeing that clubs are formed they are communicating with each other and so on we have now 37 countries where clubs are formed and we are about 500 clubs right now it's growing every every month and we are hoping that they will find
• 90:00 - 90:30 their own way so uh what we do we encourage people to connect with each other it's like you ask any example you ask your friends and other groups do you know any groups or the any club who is doing something on environment or on water or whatever your focus is or employment we learned we'd like to learn something from it just so the interconnection will be the solution nobody has all the information in one place but once you
• 90:30 - 91:00 learn how to do that you share it with others put them there we we are facing this problem this is how we solve and many people will benefit from that this is how little gain little knowledge accumulates into huge huge courage and the action that comes out of it so good luck don't give up that's the whole issue and find a way thank you very much [Applause]
• 91:00 - 91:30 Professor thank you very much for being with us I am Islam I'm serving a School of Business I'll look at International University I have a small problem yeah uh I would like to request you to shed some light on what you have just said regarding covid-19 and Grameen Banks operation would you please share with us
• 91:30 - 92:00 the coping strategies of gramin Bank during this pandemic in terms of its operational and financial strategies thank you so much thank you I was mentioning just one case of government Bank gum in America where I was narrating the experience that they've gone through and now switched to Virtual Center meeting and so on so that inspired Grameen bank here in Bangladesh to can they switch to Virtual and so on so they are
• 92:00 - 92:30 experimenting with it see how easy how difficult they don't want to abandon something unless they are totally sure because this is working nobody complained about that because life continued somehow not like in New York City where city government says everything is shut down they have to shut down when Villages things go on government says shut down there's nothing to shut down it's a family working together and so on so that way
• 92:30 - 93:00 we come in Bank in Bangladesh is not adopted those virtual party yet is this a question that whether Bangladesh has switched to other things is still working the same way thank you yes please go ahead uh thank you very much Professor for a very I thought provoking talk so my colleague here we are from the school of education we if possible could you like share what
• 93:00 - 93:30 sort of initiatives are there in terms of Education because like a bank you know you know that at the end there are some even though it's a social business there are some you know Capital involved when it comes to education we are trying how do we give the education at the same time we get such a business thank you this is very important issue that you raised Jamin bank is a banking Institution
• 93:30 - 94:00 I think it's more so it's an academic Institution because all these women have gone through a process of learning over time again repetitive way learning from each other and so on and we have gone through a lot of exercises so that they can aware of the situation one thing for us to be faced and we want to address that the problem of toilets there was no toilet in the village
• 94:00 - 94:30 you go anywhere in the village at that time no toilet but we are we focused on the health of the people because you can give money they can earn money but if yes they are sick their children are sick they are completely trapped they cannot get out so we thought we should not miss this point that if you are poor you are poor and healthy it goes
• 94:30 - 95:00 together and particularly if you're a woman all the diseases of the world grab you and your children so we wanted to get away from that so we thought one of the spreader of diseases is the toilet toilet habit because they go out anywhere so we started a big campaign explaining why toilet is important we said you dig a hole you don't have to spend money and use it that's all everybody said no
• 95:00 - 95:30 that's not the way it should be done I said that's the way it should be done so we made a rule see it's a constant kind of battle between us and the borrowers potential borrowers particularly they want to divide we want to bring it to them see it's a kind of a tussle so what they did they were very reluctant to do that but the new people who are interested new women who are interested to join government bank they will come to the
• 95:30 - 96:00 one who already have it the consult can I join is it difficult would you help me to join and among many advice first advice they will go you know you want to join coming back dig a hole if you don't dig a hole they will not even talk to you so this becoming condition if you're not using the toilet we have nothing to do with you and finally reluctantly they will say okay I have done that now can I talk I
• 96:00 - 96:30 say now you talk then we want to move from the pit lettering to real Senator interchange what we did we created a business a social business to produce toilet in the village because it's a heavy stuff if you want to buy it from the city it costs you so much to bring it home to the Village and people say it's so expensive so what we did we created a company to produce toilet in the village
• 96:30 - 97:00 and then give loans to gramin Borrowers so that she can pay the money and bring the toilet and set it up and you have your own beautiful toilet and that was the beginning as you grow your toilet grows number of toilet goes because each person has to have a toilet it's a compulsory no negotiation on that one we have to be tough otherwise people say okay I have this difficulty I have that difficulty I said okay they'll say we don't have a land well you have been going doing it
• 97:00 - 97:30 all over the place wherever you go out you put it toilet there that's it finally they did that then it has a repercation in the village very positive one the women in a well of families who has no problem with money they have land they have income but no toilets everybody doesn't have a toilet so the women in those families they kept attacking their husbands their male folk how come
• 97:30 - 98:00 the beggar woman she has a toilet we don't have toilets what's the problem with you so they were under pressure to come to that toilet company to buy the toilet we go and set it up and have toilet so Village after Village complete toilets today you go to any Village if you say do you do you have anybody without toilets people will love how can you have anybody with toilets toilet is something
• 98:00 - 98:30 here it's such an essential thing so this is a learning process how you do that and so on and we had Workshop after workshop with the borrowers intensive one and led by again Nur John she was the leader of all these workshops explain the problems they face how to tackle those problems learn from each other how to deal with their husbands how to deal with their neighbors and what kind of attack they expect for certain actions
• 98:30 - 99:00 and so on so forth out of that they identify who what are the problems they see in their life so there's a kind of narration after narration there what are the problems I face in my life out of that was created after months of this discussion different places something called 16 decisions about their life these decisions have to be implemented in our life everybody has to memorize all the 16 decisions
• 99:00 - 99:30 these are illiterate women cannot read cannot write when you print them out when you give a piece of paper with 16 decisions he doesn't know what it says so she has to find someone in the village who can read it out to her because rule is you must remember all 16 decisions she takes it very seriously so she goes to someone a student or some housewife who can repeat saying and in the meantime she memorizes it she
• 99:30 - 100:00 memorizes all 16 of them very complicated sentences not easy sentences she memorizes then she has to appear for an exam the exam starts like okay give me decision number 11. she says decision number blah blah blah blah blah okay what is the decision number five decision number five okay can you say it from 16 back to one so she will go 16 is this 15 is this it goes all the way so that you internalize it everything
• 100:00 - 100:30 which decision is most difficult to implement and very common answer we used to get dowry because the decision says we shall not give any dowry at the time of the marriage of our daughters we shall not ask for any Dowry at the time of the marriage our sons in Bangladesh Dowry is a curse if you're marrying off your daughter you have to bring lots of money to give it
• 100:30 - 101:00 to the husband otherwise nobody will marry your daughter and if you're poor you have extremely difficult you go to the money lenders to borrow things and dream your life just to marry one daughter if you have two daughters you have three daughters you're finished the moment a daughter is born whole family gets shaken she is the most unwelcome human being on this planet everybody feels that she brought bad luck she is a woman she's a
• 101:00 - 101:30 girl so he said no dowry at the time of the marriage of your daughter this is a commitment and you never ask for any Dowry when you are marrying your son okay the problem is created by you because you're asking for Dowry when he's a son and then you get scared when it's the daughter if you don't ask for it you don't have to give it's very simple formula understood it has to be said millions of times again and again
• 101:30 - 102:00 Dowry in Grameen Bank disappeared completely so this is just one then about that breastfeeding this is one important thing because again tradition says in Bangladesh The Villages the traditional thing you throw away your initial milk breast milk you don't feed your child this is bad Bill and we had to re-engineered the whole thing this is the best milk you have to use it you have to give it to your son your
• 102:00 - 102:30 daughter whoever the baby is that's the best thing that will protect your child everything that we can communicate so that they can undo the traditional belief that this is a bad thing to do to them and so on so there's 16 of them see how to take care of yourself it's not the number of children you should be looking for you've been looking for quality of the children not the number because everybody wanted to have more children so that somebody
• 102:30 - 103:00 will take care of me when I'm old I said that's not the way is the other way we have to go on repeatedly explaining discussing and getting their experiences narrated that how they have been abandoned by their children at the old age and how they suffered and so on so forth so you're not the number is the quality so make sure the quality of the children and have a limited number of children so that you don't have to worry about them and so on so all the 16th decision is something of a very basic
• 103:00 - 103:30 learning process for them and whenever they have difficulty how they consult with each other is a mechanism to solve problems you have problem with your husband what your husband beat you up this is very common phenomenon husband beats you up for nothing so what they do the whole Center will appear all the members of the center to challenge the husband why did you beat her so they will be challenging
• 103:30 - 104:00 one story I cannot forget I was walking through the village and one guy his poor person walking too he said he asked me are you with this bank that they're working in our village I said yes oh you created so much problem I said what do we do you know what I'm a poor person when I get angry I take it on my wife I beat her up
• 104:00 - 104:30 and last time I did that this all this shouting women they came to my house shouting at me why did I beat her do I have to explain to them what did you tell them to tell me what I should live my life I said why do you beat your wife in the first place he said I was angry so I was beating her I said when you're angry beat up a tree not your wife what if she is angry start beating you how would you like it say no no how can a woman beat me I said
• 104:30 - 105:00 that's the problem so you better not beat her so social pressure came he's now very careful when he gets angry with the wife because she will be complaining to her Center and all these screaming women will come and challenge him why did they do this why why do you behave like this and so on because she wife cannot do anything but her friends can do so that's the kind of thing which brought lots of changes in the families
• 105:00 - 105:30 in the behavior between husband and wife and all that anyway thank you so it's an academic process completely how it's done and another kind it's just a slight thing they don't read they do not write so one of the early decisions we took now you have to write your name everybody got scared we don't know how to do that we'll teach you so we took a whole program teaching every single woman in Grameen
• 105:30 - 106:00 Bank how to write their name and they don't have paper they don't have pencil nothing so they have to do it on their soil with the stick right saleha she doesn't read it but it's a kind of a picture she has to do and when she does it and somebody say oh you are saleha he got source that I'm delighted that some they looked at me they found out my name and the name had a problem
• 106:00 - 106:30 women don't have names they had when they are born they are named as usual but ever since she is known as somebody's daughter nobody calls her by name and there are nicknames it's a baby baby or something it's a very neat not the original name she was given so she doesn't even remember her what her name was when you grow up when you're married your wife of somebody still they don't call you by name if you
• 106:30 - 107:00 become a mother you're a mother of somebody still they don't call your name we said no we want your name many people have to wonder what is my name they have to go search for people who remembers so that's another process completely did you discover herself I have a name and that's the name she learned how to write and it's surprised and she was always holding him onto it this is my name
• 107:00 - 107:30 thank you [Applause] yeah okay good so we can finish it here thank you very much thank you bye-bye [Applause] [Music] [Applause] thank you Professor Eunice for your Pearls of Wisdom
• 107:30 - 108:00 ladies and gentlemen before we end we have prepared one video presentation about the actions our AIU students are taking to honor a world of three zeros I hope it will inspire and drive you to join a 3-0 Club movement and start taking action to change our world for the better let's enjoy the video
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• 112:00 - 112:30 and with that thank you very much to all for coming and we would like to invite
• 112:30 - 113:00 you to visit our social business exhibition outside this Hall I am Olga tarima Cassie lagi [Applause]
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• 120:30 - 121:00 foreign [Music] students please remain in the hall because we're going to have like photography session in front of the stage all right thank you
• 121:00 - 121:30 ASP students all right ladies and Gentlemen please don't forget to visit our social business booths outside this Hall thank you [Music]
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