Stoicism: Become Undefeatable

Summary

This video explores the teachings of Stoicism, a philosophy founded by Zeno in ancient Cyprus around 300 BC after losing all his wealth in a shipwreck. The video highlights Stoicism's core principle of controlling our reactions rather than external events, promoting emotional resilience and acceptance. It delves into Stoicism's impact on ancient and modern times, emphasizing its virtues: wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice. Additionally, it discusses how Stoicism influences modern therapeutic practices like REBT and Logotherapy, advocating for a life driven by purpose and internal values.

Highlights

• Zeno's shipwreck led him to create Stoicism, teaching acceptance and control of one's reactions. 🚢
• Stoicism spread as a powerful philosophy accessible to everyone, from slaves to emperors. 👑
• The Stoic virtues of wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice guide a meaningful life. 🛡️
• Modern therapy techniques are influenced by Stoic principles. 🩺
• The philosophy emphasizes living with purpose and finding peace in what we can control. 🌿

Key Takeaways

• Stoicism encourages focusing on what you can control and letting go of what you can't. 🎯
• Zeno, the founder of Stoicism, turned a major loss into a powerful philosophy about life. 🌊
• Stoicism is not about being emotionless but having a balanced perspective. ⚖️
• Practicing 'voluntary discomfort' helps build gratitude and resilience. 💪
• Stoicism has influenced great leaders like Nelson Mandela and therapeutic methods like REBT and Logotherapy. 🧠

Overview

Stoicism finds its roots in ancient Cyprus, born out of Zeno's misfortune when he lost his trading wealth at sea. Instead of succumbing to despair, Zeno developed Stoicism, a philosophy focused on maintaining control over personal reactions rather than external events. This mindset of acceptance and resilience highlights the very essence of Stoicism – controlling how life’s events affect us.

Throughout the centuries, Stoicism has been embraced by diverse figures, from emperors to slaves, due to its universal applicability. Its teachings advocate for a life led by four cardinal virtues: wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice. These principles not only help individuals lead balanced lives but emphasize the importance of doing good unto others, promoting a just and equitable society.

In our modern world, Stoicism remains highly relevant, influencing both personal growth and therapeutic practices. Techniques like Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) and Logotherapy draw from Stoic ideas, encouraging individuals to challenge negative thoughts and live with purpose. By steering one's focus on internal values and control, Stoicism provides a pathway to a fulfilling and resilient life.

Chapters

• 00:00 - 01:30: Introduction to Zeno and the Origins of Stoicism The chapter introduces Zeno, a wealthy trader from Cyprus living in 300 BC, who experiences a dramatic change in fortune when his cargo ship sinks during a voyage from Phoenicia to Piraeus. This event, entirely beyond his control, transforms him from rich to poor instantly, setting the stage for a lesson on handling life's unpredictable events.
• 01:30 - 02:30: The Core Principles of Stoicism This chapter delves into the foundational ideas of Stoicism, highlighting how the philosophy promotes acceptance and emotional neutrality in the face of challenges. The narrative centers around Zeno, the founder of Stoicism, showcasing his unique response to adversity, as opposed to common emotional responses like anger or sadness. The text illustrates how a minor shift in perspective can create enduring transformations, encapsulating Stoicism's essence of resigning to reality and maintaining equanimity.
• 02:30 - 03:30: Stoicism's Historical Impact and Inclusiveness In this chapter, the origins and core principles of Stoicism are examined. The philosophy was created by Zeno after studying past philosophers like Socrates. It emphasizes the idea that while individuals do not have control over external events, they can manage their reactions to these events. Zeno exemplified this by staying composed and unaffected even in difficult situations, like the loss of his goods. The chapter touches upon the perception of Stoics in contemporary times as resilient and unbreakable individuals.
• 03:30 - 05:00: Practical Exercises and Mindset Shifts in Stoicism The chapter 'Practical Exercises and Mindset Shifts in Stoicism' explores the original concept of Stoicism as more than just a description of people who are unemotional. Instead, it presents Stoicism as a comprehensive philosophy for understanding the world and living life. The chapter emphasizes that Stoic philosophy is still relevant and beneficial in modern times, just as it was in ancient days.
• 05:00 - 06:30: The Stoic Approach to Success and Failure The chapter discusses how Stoicism helps individuals process negative emotions and experiences, transforming them into unique perspectives. It highlights the importance of perspective, noting that everyone has a different viewpoint due to their varied experiences. Additionally, it touches upon how Stoicism was taught and shared in public spaces, making its principles widely known and accessible.
• 06:30 - 09:00: The Four Virtues of Stoicism The chapter delves into the accessibility and universal appeal of Stoic philosophy, emphasizing that it was open to individuals from all walks of life – from slaves to emperors. Notable Stoics such as Epictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius are highlighted as examples. It underscores the practical application of Stoicism by its followers.
• 09:00 - 11:30: Nelson Mandela and Stoicism's Influence on Modern Thought The chapter discusses the influence of Stoicism on modern thought and highlights its principles of equality and inclusivity, exemplified by figures like Nelson Mandela. It underscores the Stoics' forward-thinking approach to unity and diversity, likening it to modern cosmopolitan cities. The narrative also emphasizes the role of women in Stoicism, challenging the norms of their time by allowing women to pursue philosophy, as articulated by Musonius Rufus. The chapter concludes by exploring why Stoicism remains a popular philosophy today.

Stoicism: Become Undefeatable Transcription

• 00:00 - 00:30 In the city of Cyprus in 300 BC, there  lived a very wealthy trader called Zeno.   While on a voyage from Phoenicia to Piraeus,  his boat sank, along with all of his cargo.   Because of that single event, an event that  was entirely out of Zeno’s or anyone's control,   this very wealthy man suddenly  became poor in an instant. Imagine you were Zeno. How would you react to your   entire life’s work getting flushed down  the drain by the sheer force of nature?
• 00:30 - 01:00 What is the proper reaction? Would you be angry?  Sad? Would you feel life has cheated you? For most   of us, these would all be normal reactions,  but not for Zeno, the father of Stoicism. One small change lasts an eternity,  and one small reframing of your   mindset can cascade into larger and more  impactful changes later down the line.   The core of Stoicism is the very  definition of acceptance and indifference.
• 01:00 - 01:30 After reading the works of Socrates and  other great philosophers, Zeno created and   taught Stoicism. According to Zeno, although we  don’t have much control over what happens to us,   we do have control of how it affects us, and  we must use this control to great effect.   Rather than crying over spilled milk, or in this  case, drowned goods, Zeno focused on maintaining   his composure over the situation, remaining  calm and neutral, despite his predicament. Today, people inadvertently view  Stoics as people who cannot be broken,
• 01:30 - 02:00 people who don’t often linger to the emotional  extremes, going through things like fits of rage   or bouts of anxiety. But the original idea  behind Stoicism was much more than that.   Rather than just a way to describe people who are  unemotional, Stoicism was a way to view, describe,   and understand the world. It was a way of life,  and that way of life has lasted for centuries.   Stoic philosophy can be applied to  situations today the same way it was   applied thousands of years ago, and  it’s benefits are just as impactful.
• 02:00 - 02:30 Stoicism allows us to process these  negative emotions from negative experiences,   and turn them into the thoughts that give  us a unique perspective of the world.   Perspective is everything, and everyone  in the world has different experiences   and thus different perspectives on things. Since the Stoics gathered, discussed,  and taught philosophy in a public place,   their general philosophy was widely known.  They believed that Stoic principles could
• 02:30 - 03:00 greatly benefit anyone and everyone, and  so it didn’t make sense for them to hide   that knowledge behind the four walls of  a school, or of the palace courtyards. As a result, everyone from slave to Emperor  could learn and become a Stoic, and they did. Some of the world’s most notable Stoics include  Epictetus, which translates to “acquired” as he   was once owned as a slave, Seneca, who was a  well-renowned statesman, and Marcus Aurelius,   a Roman Emperor, and one of the most  powerful men to have ever lived. The early Stoics practiced what they preached,
• 03:00 - 03:30 avoiding all forms of segregation and  leading the fight against inequality.   They even invented the word “cosmopolitan,”  which literally means “citizen of the world”. When people hear that word now, we think of cities  like New York, Toronto, Dubai, and London because   of how diverse they are, this was the type of  unity and togetherness that the Stoics preached. At the time of Stoicism’s foundation,   women weren’t allowed to pursue philosophy,  but Stoics disagreed with that completely. Musonius Rufus, Epictetus’ teacher, once said,   “it is not men alone who possess eagerness  and a natural inclination towards virtue,   but women also. Women are pleased no  less than men by noble and just deeds,   and reject the opposite of such actions. Since  that is so, why is it appropriate for men to   seek out and examine how they might live well,  that is, to practise philosophy, but not women?” Even at a time when it wasn’t popular,   women were allowed to freely learn about  Stoicism and become Stoics themselves. So why do so many people adopt  Stoicism as a way of life?
• 03:30 - 04:00 In a world full of unexpected turns of events,  our emotions can tend to get in the way of things. In reality, we don’t really get sad because  bad things happen to us, we get sad because   unexpected bad things happen to us. Rain is  a good thing. It helps to water our plants,   provides water for livestock, and keeps the  temperature cool and humid. But the truth is,   when that dark cloud catches you outside without  an umbrella, it’s never a good experience. So why don’t we start crying once it starts to  rain? It’s because although the situation is bad,
• 04:00 - 04:30 we’ve learned to expect rain. It’s something that  is unavoidable, we can’t control the weather;   although it sucks, the rain  passes and the light returns.   Stoicism teaches us that in the same way, we  should expect that everything bad that can happen,   will happen. Picture the worst outcome,  and be content knowing it could happen. One of the Stoic exercises is known as  “voluntary discomfort,” an exercise aimed   at increasing feelings of gratitude. Sleep on  the floor of your kitchen, taking cold showers
• 04:30 - 05:00 when you normally take hot ones, eat nothing  but potatoes for a few days, things like this.   This exercise helps you to understand  that no matter how hard it gets,   you’ll still survive and potentially thrive if  your mindset is right. By being able to withstand   these uncomfortable situations, we indirectly  prepare our mental for future misfortunes. With the current state of the world where  advertisements are constantly shoved down   our throats, we’re made to believe that  if we don’t have the next best thing,
• 05:00 - 05:30 look a certain way, or make  a certain amount of money   that we will never be happy, this  message is important now more than ever. We enter the world not knowing much of anything.   We grow up being taught things at home, in  school, and by observing the world for ourselves.   The thing is, a lot of times, all three of these  sources of knowledge teach us in different ways.   The question is, do we need to internalize all  of this knowledge? If we do, we could unknowingly   be setting unrealistic expectations for our  lives, leaving us ultimately disappointed and
• 05:30 - 06:00 unsatisfied in the end. That’s no way to live.  We should instead focus on improving ourselves,   for ourselves. We should do things, for ourselves,  and only for that reason. Attaching any external   hope or secondary attachments to the actions  we take almost always lead to disappointment. Most of the time, we end up trying to  fill that emptiness with external things.   Blowing all your money on a fancy car, a house,  or even starting a family. Sometimes we do all
• 06:00 - 06:30 of these things for their external value, and not  their internal value. But, Stoicism teaches that,   if you approach life this way, you place your  happiness in the hands of external forces,   forces that can always fail.  Cars almost always break down,   natural disasters wipe away entire cities, and  divorce rates climb higher and higher each year. But even the free things in life come at a cost.  The cost of space, both physical and mental. As Seneca once wrote, “learning to live with less
• 06:30 - 07:00 will create space in your life for  the things that truly matter to you.” Instead, we must place our happiness on our  intrinsic value as humans and on nothing   we have or can physically acquire. We must  choose to do our best to keep a cool head,   regardless of what life throws at us.  Because regardless of what it is we want,   at the end of the day, we don’t have any control  over the majority of things that happen to us,   but we do have all the control  over how we react to those things.   That is the dichotomy of control, the most  important principle in Stoic philosophy.
• 07:00 - 07:30 In the words of Epictetus, “the  chief task in life is simply this:   to identify and separate matters so that I can  say clearly to myself which are externals not   under my control, and which have to do  with the choices I actually control.” Stoics teach that we must learn to separate  what we can control from what we cannot control.   We need to determine our value  not from things we can’t control,   but from the things we can. Striving  towards goals is a good trait,   but breaking down when those things don’t go  your way is, in a Stoics point of view, useless. Making YouTube videos is… well a lot easier  than being a Roman Emperor, but it can still   prove to be challenging sometimes. First,  you must form your idea, which takes forever,   then research that idea, scrap it because  it sucks, start over, script the video,
• 07:30 - 08:00 create the video, edit it, make the thumbnail,  title, and everything else before you hit upload.   Everything up until the point where  you click upload is all up to you.   However, once you click the upload button,  the power shifts to the YouTube algorithm.   Still, a lot of people judge the success of their  YouTube channel or Instagram account based on how   many views and subscribers or followers that  they have, metrics of which for the most part,   are beyond your control. Stoics teach that  instead, you should judge the success of
• 08:00 - 08:30 your work based on the amount of effort you put  in, and not the outcome of your external hopes. Trust the process. Living with  less means unbinding yourself   from the societal handcuffs that  you’ve essentially put yourself into. Think about a person who has been working  hard at their job for the past 6 months.   He now feels he deserves a promotion, and so he  walks up to his boss with his performance report.   The boss says thanks, doesn’t grant him the  promotion, and he goes home thinking he must   suck at his job. He doesn’t consider that  the boss might’ve simply woken up angry,   someone else might have been better qualified  at that time, or maybe the company was just
• 08:30 - 09:00 losing money and just couldn’t afford it. He  doesn’t know the reason, but he’s still upset. If he simply placed his value on the quality  of the performance report he turned in,   kept doing what he was doing to earn the promotion  he wanted, he could’ve been much happier overall.   With the right perspective, his  goal wouldn’t have been diminished,   but just postponed. It’s this reframing of your  mindset that is crucial. A true Stoic does not   view their successes based on the financial  gain of their ventures, but is comforted by   the fact that they can live a comfortable  life without all the things money can buy.
• 09:00 - 09:30 There are the 4 main virtues of Stoicism -  wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice. Wisdom is being able to separate between what is  internal and what is external, and the ability   to choose our reaction to the things that happen  to us. As Viktor Frankl said, “between stimulus   and response, there is a space. In that  space is our power to choose our response.”
• 09:30 - 10:00 Courage - two words - “persist and resist”. Temperance, or moderation, is what I  just did there, doing more with less,   saying more with fewer words. While Jeff Bezos and  Elon Musk are fighting at the top of Forbes’ list,   Stoics believe that the limit of wealth  should simply be having what is essential,   and then having what is enough. Justice is the most important of all the virtues.  It instructs that no one should do harm to another   because we were all born for each other, to  do good to one another, and not to ourselves.
• 10:00 - 10:30 Nelson Mandela was one of the most  famous African leaders in the world.   While he was fighting against apartheid, he  got sentenced to life imprisonment where he   stayed for 27 years before finally being released.  When he was released from prison, he was elected   president of South Africa, and thus, many people  thought he was going to brutally punish all the   people that had anything to do with apartheid  or his imprisonment, but of course, he did not. Throughout his time in prison, Mandela read the  works of Marcus Aurelius and learned many of the
• 10:30 - 11:00 core values of Stoicism, all of which he practiced  throughout his life. Instead of calling for the   heads of the wrongdoers, Nelson Mandela urged his  people to instead seek the opposite. To relax, and   rebuild. He stressed that the past was now beyond  their control, and that the only thing they could   do was to find a way to move forward and build  a better nation. This is the way of the Stoic. In modern day medicine, Stoicism is at the core  of procedures like Rational Emotive Behavioral
• 11:00 - 11:30 Therapy and Logotherapy. REBT helps patients to  identify negative thought patterns that might   be causing emotional and behavioral issues. It  allows you to challenge the reasoning behind all   these negative thoughts with logic, and when  you realize that many of them are unfounded,   you can then replace them with more  productive and healthier beliefs. Logotherapy, on the other hand, is based on the  Stoic principle that humans are driven by purpose.   Even in the darkest of situations, we can fill  our lives with meaning and happiness by simply   finding out what that purpose is. As many of  us know though, this is easier said than done.
• 11:30 - 12:00 It’s a process, much like everything  else. We have to rewire the way we think.   Out with the old, in with the new. To fix our problems with happiness, we  must practice self-worth. By redirecting   our definition of value to the things that we  can control, we can stop getting fixated on the   things that we cannot control, and overall, we  can lead a much happier and more fulfilling life. Stoicism helps us steer through past and present  storms into calmer and more peaceful waters.
• 12:00 - 12:30 And if our ship sinks and we all drown, we can  take peace in the fact that we lived a good life,   albeit not as long as we had hoped. Because remember, everything has an end.